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I have found that to be able to do proper justice to the theory and practice of patenting, a minimum of three hours' dissertation is required. My voice, like your interest, would meet a nasty end long, long before that time had elapsed. Consequently, I propose to spend a few minutes providing a rough pencil outline of patent philosophy and then sketch in a little more detail the area where the patent expert and the information retrieval expert need to co‐operate.

Miss Aimée Chilton, Senior Lecturer‐in‐Charge of Data processing Facilities at Birmingham College of Commerce, will lecture on the computer, beginning at 3 o'clock on Thursday 21st March, at the Royal Aeronautical Society, 4 Hamilton Place, London W1 (nearest tube station is Hyde Park Corner; buses: Piccadilly, Knightsbridge or Park Lane).

Prevailing thought in academia holds that the ideal model of public relations is two‐way symmetrical. In this model, communication flows both ways between an organisation and a public while both are prepared to change their own behaviour. The result is posited as the most professional, ethical and effective practice. Contingency theory offers qualifications and reservations of excellence theory. One qualification is that dialogue between an organisation and a public may not be allowed for a number of reasons, such as legal constraints or moral convictions against compromising with a public. To build the contingency theory from the ground up, top practitioners are interviewed to learn whether six such proscriptive factors ring true in their experience. The implications of the findings for practitioners, educators and those interested in theories that help define professional practice in public relations are discussed.

The purpose of this study is to examine how intersecting oppressed identities shape the socialization experiences of Black women doctoral candidates in agricultural disciplines at historically white institutions. This paper addresses a gap in literature examining the experiences of Black women within the context of higher agricultural sciences education.

This study uses narrative inquiry to examine the experiences of five Black women doctoral candidates through a set of three interviews per participant.

Three themes regarding participants’ socialization experiences were identified. Themes are presented according to its site of socialization: lack of trust in advising relationships, departmental belonging and negative interactions with department faculty and isolation and exclusion at conferences.

This study adds to the small body of research on Black women in higher agricultural sciences education. Further, this study contributes to the larger body of socialization research and the minimal research on socialization for marginalized populations in higher agricultural sciences education.

The economic growth and women’s empowerment nexus features prominently within United Nation’s sustainable development goals (SDGs). While the gendered view of inclusive economic opportunities has received significant attention in recent years, the gap between men and women in developing countries remains significant. Under the assumption that there are fertile prospects to bridge social responsibility and SDGs judiciously, this chapter explores the question: ‘what insights into women’s employment and empowerment can be generated from the state of cooperative enterprises in Nepal?’ The focus is on aspects of women’s employment and empowerment under goal 8, which promotes inclusive and sustainable economic growth, employment and decent work for all. Learning from the Nepalese experiences, the chapter contends that cooperative enterprise social responsibility (CESR) needs to be approached as the vital link between the internal and the external interests of cooperatives to achieve SDGs.

The aim of this paper is to better understand the concept of communication in organizations through the comparison of definitions given by scholars from different business-related communication disciplines: marketing, public relations, organizational communication and corporate communication.

A review of prevalent definitions in the four mentioned disciplines; discussion of communication aims, communication categorizations, theoretical background and innovations in each of these disciplines; and finally analysis of convergences and differences.

All the disciplines considered in this study converge in looking at the entire communication of a business, adopting a relational perspective, valuing some intangible resources as outcomes of communication. They highlight also some nuanced differences.

Higher value should be attached to research results in the communication field that come from considering multiple points of view, because each discipline contributes specific connotations to the comprehension of communication.

The paper compares some business-related communication disciplines and considers each as independent while benefiting from cross-fertilization. The multiple points of view allow a multidisciplinary approach and the awareness of the polysemic nature of communication.

Public relations practitioners and journalists in South Korea (n=300) were surveyed regarding their perceptions of the influence of 11 types of informal relations (ranging from press tours to perks and bribes) on the news. Using coorientational analysis, the perceptions of each group regarding the ethics of informal relations were also investigated. The two groups reported significantly different perceptions of the influence of informal relations on the news, as well as the ethics of informal relations. Practitioners perceive greater influence of informal relations on news coverage as well as on news content, and perceive informal relations as more ethical or acceptable in practice than do journalists. Regarding informal relations, journalists’ perceived gap between their own ethical values and their predictions of practitioners’ ethical values is bigger than the converse. Finally, practitioners’ misunderstanding of journalists’ ethical values is greater than journalists’ misunderstanding of practitioners’ ethical values. This study indicates that even in a culture where press clubs and interpersonal media relations are the norm and could be expected to breed familiarity, attitudinal differences between practitioners and journalists are striking.

This study aims to propose a novel framework for barriers to circularity within cooperative supply chains. The barriers in the adoption and implementation of circular economy principles are examined within a framework.

Fuzzy best-worst method is used to calculate the weights of barriers and identify the prioritization of barriers to circularity within cooperative supply chain.

“Insufficient implementation of circular economy laws” was found as the most important barrier, followed by “Lack of information”, “Ineffective recycling policies”, “Lack of awareness for circular economy”, “Remanufacturing is a labor-intensive procedure”, “Inconsistent price policies in sources and products”, “Lack of environmental management system”, “Cost of implementation for green activities” and “Lack of R&D capability” barriers, respectively.

The number of participant professionals limits the conclusions of the study and reaching more general conclusions. A comprehensive research can be conducted by the participation of a greater number of professionals.

Several studies analyzed the barriers to circularity; however, to the best of the authors' knowledge, no study has been taken an approach for barriers to circularity for cooperatives or cooperative supply chains.

This article aims to describe the history of an annual regional conference devoted to patient safety, and presents highlights from its tenth annual event, held in May 2012.

The paper presents a historical narrative description of major themes in the annual conferences, with more detailed description of major presentations in the 2012 conference.

The conference has provided topics and speakers to the community, reflecting changing national trends and priorities, and has helped develop an important resource, the Washington Patient Safety Coalition.

The history reflects evolving North American concerns about quality of care and patient safety issues; the most recent presentations highlight recent achievements, current challenges, and provide insights from a broad range of settings.

This conference is the flagship activity of a state‐wide, voluntary coalition and provides an example of a major event bringing value to a diverse set of patient safety and quality improvement professionals.