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To study the metallurgical characteristics obtained from the process of diffusion bonding of 316L stainless steel (SS) using a commercial Ni‐based amorphous alloy interlayer and its effect on the corrosion resistance of the self‐joined SS‐amorphous alloy‐SS junction zone.

Squared samples of austenitic SS were joined using a brazing metallic foil BMF‐15^® in a sandwich‐like arrangement. The samples were then placed into a resistance furnace with a controlled N₂ atmosphere. The joining process was carried out at 1105 and 1170°C holding the samples in the furnace for periods of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 40 min. The junction zone was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in order to determine the metallurgical structure induced during the process. The corrosion resistance of the SS/BMF‐15^®/SS joints were evaluated using DC electrochemical methods on joined samples immersed in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution.

The samples of 316L SS showed self‐diffusion bonding at both temperatures which are quality depended upon the holding times. A concentration of second phases was observed by SEM at the BMF‐15^®. The joints developed crevice corrosion at open circuit potential due to a galvanic couple formed between the SS and the amorphous alloy, and presented preferential dissolution of the Ni‐amorphous alloy under anodic polarization in 3.5 per cent NaCl solution at room temperature.

This work presents a systematic study of the self‐diffusion bonding process of SS pieces jointed with an amorphous alloy interlayer and the metallurgical effects on its corrosion resistance of in a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution.

This paper aims to study the effectiveness of using thermal spray (TS) coated bores in reducing friction under the mixed lubrication (ML) and elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) regimes.

A reciprocating tribometer with a stroke length of 100 mm, was built to measure the coefficient of friction (COF) at the mid-stroke and ring reversal positions and to conduct sliding tests at a speed range of 0.31–3.14 m/s. Samples taken from fine-honed TS coated bores and also from cast iron (CI) liners that underwent a standard-honing process were tested against ring segments coated with chromium nitride (CrN) and diamond-like carbon.

Construction of Stribeck curves demonstrated that TS coatings showed a transition from ML to EHL at a lower speed (0.94 m/s) compared with CI (1.26 m/s) regardless of the counterfaces used. Lower COFs of 0.05–0.08 in ML was measured for TS coatings compared with those of 0.06–0.09 for CI in ML. Once EHL was reached, the COF of TS coatings decreased to 0.02–0.03 similar to those of CI. Examination of wear patterns suggested that the low roughness combined with high oil retention capability might be responsible for the reduced transition speed and the expanded EHL region for the TS coated surfaces.

With the EHL friction captured in a bidirectional sliding mode using a long-stroke tribometer, this work contributes to the understanding of the low-friction behaviour of TS coatings.

The objective of this paper is to contribute to Australian berry supply chains with a relevant identification regarding the possible data driven interventions that stakeholders can take while the berries are in transit.

An exploratory series of semi-structured interviews was conducted through six Australian experts in the industry with more than 20 years of experience in Australian berry supply chains and the Australian perishable food industry, to identify key possible in-transit interventions that could be implemented in the Australian berry industry.

The analysis of the interviews revealed a total of 18 possible in-transit interventions. An important finding is that in-transit interventions are made possible by the use of real-time data gathered through IoT devices such as Active Radio Frequency Identification, Time and Temperature Indicators interacting with Wireless Sensor Networks. Another key finding is that Australian berry growers and retailers do possess the technologies and the resources necessary to make in-transit interventions possible, however they have yet applied these technologies to operational decision-making and interventions based on the product, rather focussing on supply chain transactions and events.

Since the research focusses on an Australian context, its findings may or may not be applicable to other countries. The research is exploratory in nature, and its findings should be verified by future research, in particular to test whether the in-transit interventions proposed here can be implemented in a cost-efficient way.

To the authors' knowledge, this publication is the first known academic article to provide a clear understanding of the Australian berry industry from a supply chain and logistics perspective, and the first to explore possible data driven in-transit interventions in perishable food supply chains.

The Vibrant Village Programme (VVP) is a paramount step by the Government of India to develop sustainable communities through border tourism along the Indo-China border. The programme was launched with manifold objectives, e.g. border security (BS), event promotion (EP), infrastructure development (ID), livelihood creation (LC), check on out migration (OM) and local resource conservation (LRC). The programme performance was measured on the bases of six parameters, i.e. EP, LC, OM, LRC, service quality, BS and ID. The data was collected through a survey from participants of the Last Run, on 20th February 2023 at Pangong Tso (4225 Mt), Ladakh, India. The 65-survey data were obtained via a structured questionnaire from domestic tourists (who participated in the Last Run) on 9 parameters. The variance-based structural equation modelling (VB-SEM) was opted to test the hypothetical paths. This research was conducted with four objectives, i.e. (1) to put forward a programme performance measurement framework, (2) to find the mediation effect of word of mouth, among the relationship of Vibrant Village Programme Performance (VVPP) and destination revisit intention, (3) important Performance Metrix Analysis of the Model and (4) socio-economic impacts of the event in the border area. Tourism stakeholders can find important knowledge and can facilitate holistic destination management (especially event performance). The Smart PLS 4 was used in data analysis. The performance measurement of this programme is useable for policymakers, destination planners, researchers and business houses. This research work is a ready-to-implement document type; for tourism policymakers and managers, destination planners and border tourism event managers.

This chapter provides foundations of differentiating the sophisticated and various theoretical approaches towards safe spaces demonstrated in this book. For the purpose of framing the examples provided in this collection, we offer three broad ways of thinking about safe spaces: safe learning spaces as separate, counterhegemonic, or third spaces; safe learning spaces of difference, sameness, and intersecting identities; and deliberative and democratic learning spaces. It needs to be noted, however, that these are not mutually exclusive but different aspects to consider and that they each operate within and across, and are therefore influenced by, the five levels of inequity discussed in Chapter 2. That said, not all levels of inequity are necessarily addressed by any given space, regardless of the frame used to interpret it. This discussion respects the multiple paradoxes in education, especially the one of pluralism and sameness, offering approaches to modes and learning settings of inclusion and exclusion and how they create different, yet “safe,” spaces.

This paper aims to present the proposition of a new experimental method for obtaining very crucial data of the structural steel that is used in the tank of oil filled power transformers, namely, the volumetric losses and the magnetic permeability, both in function of the density of magnetic flux. Although these data are not usually available, they are fundamental for helping the transformer designer in avoiding the occurrence of hot spots in the transformer tank. The adoption of a conventional Epstein frame has restrictions because of the incompatibility between it and the samples of the steel.

The basis of the proposition is the same as that of the Epstein frame, with significant attention paid to the additional losses in the winding that creates the magnetic flux to the samples in the core. These losses can be significant and are created by the harmonics of current along the windings and are summed to the ohmic losses. For separating these winding losses from the magnetic losses, each sample is made as being the core of a toroidal 1:1 transformer. Thus, two tests with two identic of these toroidal transformers are necessary.

The proposed methodology is simple, because it is very similar to the classical tests of transformers (no-load and short-circuit tests). The process of separation of losses requires only a numerical fitting of curves for adjusting the winding losses as a function of the current amplitude, and the obtained results are coherent with the expected behavior of the magnetic losses and the magnetic permeability of a structural steel.

The method gives very approximate results in comparison to those obtained using the Epstein frame. The influences of the temperature and/or of the skin effect have not been evaluated.

Practical, real and thus confident data of structural steel, such as the magnetic permeability and the volumetric losses (hysteresis and Foucault), become available for the transformer designer to take actions for not only reducing the tank losses but also for avoiding the occurrence of hot spots through computer simulation.

The proposition is very new, as it allows to test steel samples with a size that does not fit to a usual Epstein frame. It takes into account the real influence of harmonic of currents in the losses along the winding of a classical Epstein frame, which has not been so far mentioned. It allows obtaining data of structural steel that had not been considered important until now.

The scholarly conversation about insider and outsider positionality in observational research is long, rich, and often contentious. Debates about the benefits and challenges of studying sites where researchers share insider identities with participants, in particular, have yielded insights about power, inequality, and the uniquely relational character of observational research. In this chapter, we enter this conversation by relating our experiences with outsider-ness and insider-ness while studying social movements. We draw on two ethnographic case studies of social movement organizations within higher education settings. We identify some of the challenges faced while qualitatively studying identity-based movements embedded within institutions, specifically (1) being mindful of and negotiating the impact of researcher identity and how it relates to those of the subjects; (2) determining one's level of participation within the movement being studied; and (3) securing research approval and access to data. We offer suggestions for how researchers might think through these challenges in their own work.

Mexico is a nation that attracts significant volumes of international tourists annually. The country possesses abundant natural and cultural assets, with significant opportunities for its tourism sector. Its geographical positioning, favourable weather, and the hospitality of its inhabitants enhance these prospects. Simultaneously, this country exhibits a heightened susceptibility to natural calamities and a dearth of public safety measures. The Mexican tourism industry encounters significant challenges within the framework of the VUCA (volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity) model. These challenges include the inherent natural risks associated with the country, the escalating impact of global warming, and the proliferation of organised crime. Within this context, the management of tourist destinations in Mexico neglects significant factors highlighted in theoretical models associated with competitiveness and sustainability. These factors include public security, crisis and disaster management, political will, load capacity, and destination’s image. The predicament encountered by Mexican tour operators is formidable, as the socio-political circumstances in Mexico facilitate the expansion of organised crime, leading to its infiltration into various sectors and regions of the country, with significant impacts on tourist operations. This chapter analyses the effects of organised crime on Mexico’s tourism industry, utilising the VUCA framework as a conceptual lens.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to give comprehensive strategies for developing sustainable tourism destinations by incorporating case studies, conceptual frameworks, and existing research. By addressing the lack of holistic approaches in sustainable tourism practices, this study seeks to provide insightful information that can guide stakeholders, policymakers, and destination managers in effective decision-making and planning.

Methodology/study design/approach: A comprehensive literature review has been conducted for analyzing peer-reviewed journal papers, case studies, and conceptual frameworks relevant to sustainable tourism benchmarking. Peer-reviewed journal papers, case studies, and conceptual frameworks pertaining to sustainable tourism benchmarking have all been examined through a thorough assessment of the literature. In this study, numerous information on sustainable tourism and benchmarking strategies allows for a meticulous understanding of benchmarking and its relevancy to sustainable tourist destination development.

Findings: The study distinguishes essential strategies for benchmarking sustainable tourist destinations, which include stakeholder engagement, integration of the triple bottom line framework, choosing appropriate indicators, promotion of certification and standards, and encouraging collaborations among destinations. The case studies highlight, the significance of having a long-term commitment, governance, and stakeholder involvement while implementing sustainable tourism policies.

Value: This study presents a combination of existing literature and frameworks to evolve comprehensive strategies for benchmarking sustainable tourist destinations. By incorporating perceptions from various sources, this study gives valuable direction for practitioners and researchers seeking to advance sustainable tourism practices.