Search results

1 – 10 of 597
Per page
102050
Citations:
Loading...
Access Restricted. View access options
Article
Publication date: 1 April 2002

J.S. Wilcocks and J.J. Strydom

Liability for capital gains tax is determined in terms of the Eighth Schedule to the Income Tax Act 58 of 1962. According to the Eighth Schedule, the disposal of an asset is the…

469

Abstract

Liability for capital gains tax is determined in terms of the Eighth Schedule to the Income Tax Act 58 of 1962. According to the Eighth Schedule, the disposal of an asset is the event that triggers the liability for capital gains tax. It is therefore imperative to know what constitutes a disposal, because it is fundamental to the entire capital gains tax regime. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the definition of a disposal in order to ascertain whether a disposal, as defined, is intended to mean a transfer of ownership in an asset or whether a disposal could take place upon the occurrence of events or causae other than the transfer of ownership. A study of relevant literature was undertaken to analyse the definition of “disposal” in order to fully comprehend the intention and meaning of the term as it is contemplated in the Eighth Schedule. The current definition of a “disposal” could lead to uncertainty and anomalies. It is therefore recommended that the legislature should amend the definition of a disposal in the Eighth Schedule. The definition should refer to the disposal of an asset (other than a personal‐use asset) as being the transfer of ownership of an asset from one person to another or the loss of the ownership of an asset. Because the common law has clear principles regarding how ownership of different classes of assets is transferred, no confusion would arise regarding whether or when a disposal has occurred.

Details

Meditari Accountancy Research, vol. 10 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1022-2529

Keywords

Access Restricted. View access options
Article
Publication date: 9 November 2012

J.W. van der Merwe, H. du T. Mouton and S. Thielemans

The flying capacitor converter (FFC) balances the clamping capacitor voltages naturally when phase shifted carrier modulation is used. Several models that describe this mechanism…

159

Abstract

Purpose

The flying capacitor converter (FFC) balances the clamping capacitor voltages naturally when phase shifted carrier modulation is used. Several models that describe this mechanism, and to estimate the time constants following a perturbation, are discussed in the literature. However, due to the model complexity, numerical methods must be used to evaluate these models. This paper aims to present a closed form expression, using a reference table, that describes a maximum bound for the voltage balancing time constant.

Design/methodology/approach

The FCC is analysed in the frequency domain. A decomposition of the characteristic matrix that describes the voltage balancing mechanism is used. The resulting real symmetric matrix is factorised by using approximations of the load characteristics at the frequencies of interest.

Findings

The minimum eigenvalue of the factorised matrix is used to determine a maximum bound for the time constant of the voltage balancing. Since the factorised matrix is independent of variations in switching frequency and load, the eigenvalue of interest can be calculated once and tabulated.

Originality/value

The closed form expression can be used for quick calculations of the maximum time constant under different operating conditions. Furthermore, the expression provides considerable insight into the influences circuit design choices have on the balancing mechanism.

Details

COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, vol. 31 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0332-1649

Keywords

Access Restricted. View access options
Book part
Publication date: 28 February 2019

Christa Rautenbach

South Africa’s mixed, pluralistic legal order demands a nuanced approach to cultural expertise in litigation. Culture in general and cultural expertise in particular have always…

Abstract

South Africa’s mixed, pluralistic legal order demands a nuanced approach to cultural expertise in litigation. Culture in general and cultural expertise in particular have always played an important role in all areas of law, both state and non-state, and a rich collection of jurisprudence is available to serve as illustration. Even though both the common law and the customary law are both recognized legal systems, they are treated differently by the judiciary. The general rule is that judicial notice must be taken of the common law rules and that judicial notice of customary law may only be taken “in so far as such law can be ascertained readily and with sufficient certainty.” The ascertainment of customary law provides a challenge to the judiciary because of its adaptive inherent flexibility and indeterminate nature, especially where the rules are oral or so-called “living” customary law. Cultural expertise also plays an important role in the case of non-state law. A considerable quantity of case law exists where the courts have considered expert evidence regarding the content of certain religious legal systems to provide protection to litigants claiming that they are subject to those systems. The aim of this contribution is to investigate the diverse approaches of the South African courts when it comes to the admissibility of expert evidence in cases where culture (both custom and religion in both state and non-state law) is relevant. The fact that the South African legal system has its roots firmly in Western law and has been confronted with cultural diversity for a very long time might provide some lessons to the Western world, even if those lessons are only to prevent it from making the same mistakes as the South African legal system has made or might still be doing.

Details

Cultural Expertise and Socio-Legal Studies
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78769-515-3

Keywords

Access Restricted. View access options
Article
Publication date: 1 April 2000

Q. Vorster and D.S. Lubbe

The implementation of the principles of corporate governance by South African companies has increased considerably since the release of the King Report in 1994. This report…

99

Abstract

The implementation of the principles of corporate governance by South African companies has increased considerably since the release of the King Report in 1994. This report exerted a great influence, especially regarding the disclosure of information on corporate governance in the annual financial statements of companies. Several research projects have been undertaken to determine to what extent companies abide by these principles in their annual financial statements. This article reflects the results of a research project in which the annual financial statements of certain listed South African companies, which were published during 2000, were analysed with regard to the above‐mentioned matter. The results of the project are also compared with those of a similar project undertaken in 1999. The matters addressed in this article deal with inter alia directors and directors’ remuneration, remuneration committees, audit committees, codes of conduct, adherence to the King Report and employees’ involvement.

Details

Meditari Accountancy Research, vol. 8 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1022-2529

Keywords

Access Restricted. View access options
Article
Publication date: 9 November 2012

J.W. van der Merwe and H. du T. Mouton

The flying capacitor converter (FFC) balances the clamping capacitor voltages naturally when phase shifted carrier modulation is used. Several models that describe this mechanism…

174

Abstract

Purpose

The flying capacitor converter (FFC) balances the clamping capacitor voltages naturally when phase shifted carrier modulation is used. Several models that describe this mechanism are discussed in the literature. However, due to the model complexity, the stability of the mechanism is inferred from the circuit operation. This paper aims to show that the expressions describing the balancing mechanism can be simplified and used to prove Lyapunov stability.

Design/methodology/approach

The FCC is analysed in the frequency domain. An equivalent circuit that describes the converter operation in terms of total and difference parameters is used. A concerted effort is made to simplify the resulting convolution expressions to their most basic forms by using the characteristics of the phase shifted switching functions' Fourier series coefficients.

Findings

It is shown that the system matrix decomposes naturally into the sum of a symmetric and a skew‐symmetric matrix. Through use of Lyapunov's theorem it is shown that the system is stable if the symmetric part of the decomposition is positive definite. A proof is provided that this matrix is positive semidefinite and the system is therefore Lyapunov stable.

Research limitations/implications

The simplified expressions describing the convolution and the decomposition of the system matrix can be used in future studies to provide maximum bounds on the rebalancing time constant.

Originality/value

This study provides a proof that the natural voltage balancing mechanism is stable. This stability had to be inferred from circuit operation in previous studies. Secondly, the decomposition of the system matrix provides an avenue for future research.

Details

COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering, vol. 31 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0332-1649

Keywords

Access Restricted. View access options
Book part
Publication date: 18 April 2022

Emma Ricknell

Abstract

Details

South Africa’s Democracy at the Crossroads
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-80262-927-9

Access Restricted. View access options
Article
Publication date: 23 October 2007

Johann van der Merwe

This paper aims to combine several modes of thought based on systems organization and observing systems in order to construct a model for a “designerly way of thinking”.

713

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to combine several modes of thought based on systems organization and observing systems in order to construct a model for a “designerly way of thinking”.

Design/methodology/approach

The approach is to regard design as a “groundless field of knowledge” that may source methodological insights from cybernetics, systems theory, cognitive studies and complexity theory, among others.

Findings

The focus of this research is to model an adaptive frame‐of‐reference that design students may use in order to construct their own autopoietic identity systems. The semantic question “How does a student obtain information about design?” is changed to a structural question “How could students acquire a structure enabling them to operate innovatively in a modern design environment?” With the backing of cybernetic principles, it is apparent that this process is not only feasible but also preferable.

Practical implications

While the practical use that can be made of any design theory is not within the remit of this paper, it is nonetheless the goal of theory to enhance the individual's analytical and communicative skills.

Originality/value

This paper suggests an autopoietic model‐for‐becoming that can have the virtual potential of bringing one to understand the grey areas of human‐object relationships.

Details

Kybernetes, vol. 36 no. 9/10
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0368-492X

Keywords

Access Restricted. View access options
Book part
Publication date: 29 April 2020

Andreas Schühly, Frank Becker and Florian Klein

Abstract

Details

Real Time Strategy: When Strategic Foresight Meets Artificial Intelligence
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78756-812-9

Access Restricted. View access options
Article
Publication date: 1 April 2010

B. Marx and T. Voogt

Effectively functioning audit committees have proven to fulfil a vital role in strengthening the role of internal audit. This article presents the results of a literature review…

761

Abstract

Effectively functioning audit committees have proven to fulfil a vital role in strengthening the role of internal audit. This article presents the results of a literature review that pinpoints six responsibilities that audit committees should perform in relation to internal audit. These responsibilities were tested as part of an empirical study focusing on the 40 largest companies listed on the JSE to determine the extent to which large listed companies in South Africa fulfil and disclose these responsibilities. The study consisted of an analysis of annual reports and a questionnaire administered to the chairs of audit committees. The study returned significant findings, including sound empirical evidence that the audit committees of the largest listed companies in South Africa are executing their responsibilities for internal audit effectively, but are performing more functions and responsibilities than those actually disclosed and reported on. While this apparent deficiency in disclosure may not affect the effective functioning of audit committees, it may influence perceptions about this effectiveness.

Access Restricted. View access options
Book part
Publication date: 29 April 2020

Andreas Schühly, Frank Becker and Florian Klein

Abstract

Details

Real Time Strategy: When Strategic Foresight Meets Artificial Intelligence
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78756-812-9

1 – 10 of 597
Per page
102050