The purpose of this paper is to examine long‐term return of new China collectible stamps after their issuance and how stamp characteristics affect the return.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine long‐term return of new China collectible stamps after their issuance and how stamp characteristics affect the return.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors construct a model to analyze the determinants of stamps' long‐term return and test their hypotheses empirically in a sample of 1,201 sets of Chinese collectible stamps issued between 1949 and 2008.
Findings
The paper finds Chinese stamps provide decent returns for collectors in terms of exceeding comparable one‐year savings rates. Among factors affecting annual excess returns of Chinese stamps, variables related to usage are the most important; quantity issued has significantly negative impact on returns of early stamps, but its coefficient has weak economic implications and it is not significant for BianNian stamps issued in more recent years. In general, variables related to topic have weak influence on stamp returns, but the topics about the most significant events of China in recent years have huge impact on stamp returns; in addition, variables related to design and printing can influence stamp returns to some extent.
Research limitations/implications
Overall, the results reveal that variables related to usage are the most important determinants of long‐term stamp return.
Practical implications
There have been fierce disputes among stamp collectors about how stamp features affect returns. Nevertheless, no systematic empirical studies exist about the issue. This paper sheds light on the disputes by providing the first piece of empirical evidence.
Originality/value
Moreover, existing studies of stamps treat them as one asset, but often ignore different characteristics within the group. This paper systematically investigates the influence of stamp characteristics to stamp return, and thus fills the caveat in the literature.
Details
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Sheet metal forming is a process of shaping thin sheets of metal by applying pressure through male or female dies or both. In most of used sheet‐formating processes the metal is…
Abstract
Sheet metal forming is a process of shaping thin sheets of metal by applying pressure through male or female dies or both. In most of used sheet‐formating processes the metal is subjected to primarily tensile or compressive stresses or both. During the last three decades considerable advances have been made in the applications of numerical techniques, especially the finite element methods, to analyze physical phenomena in the field of structural, solid and fluid mechanics as well as to simulate various processes in engineering. These methods are useful because one can use them to find out facts or study the processes in a way that no other tool can accomplish. Finite element methods applied to sheet metal forming are the subjects of this paper. The reason for writing this bibliography is to save time for readers looking for information dealing with sheet metal forming, not having an access to large databases or willingness to spend own time with uncertain information retrieval. This paper is organized into two parts. In the first one, each topic is handled and current trends in the application of finite element techniques are briefly mentioned. The second part, an Appendix, lists papers published in the open literature. More than 900 references to papers, conference proceedings and theses/dissertations dealing with subjects that were published in 1995‐2003 are listed.
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Abstract
Details
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M.R. Denning, L.J. Salmon and L.J. Stamp
November 10, 1971 Master and Servant — Contract of employment — Repudiation — Employers' invalid notice of termination — Not accepted by employee — Effect on contract — Whether…
Abstract
November 10, 1971 Master and Servant — Contract of employment — Repudiation — Employers' invalid notice of termination — Not accepted by employee — Effect on contract — Whether employers restrainable by injunction — Effect of Industrial Relations Act, 1971 (c.72).
Edmund Davies, L.J. Stamp and L.J. Stephenson
July 6, 1973 Factories — Eyes — Protective equipment — Whether “suitable” goggles “provided” — Whether compliance with statutory duty excludes employers' common law duty of care �…
Abstract
July 6, 1973 Factories — Eyes — Protective equipment — Whether “suitable” goggles “provided” — Whether compliance with statutory duty excludes employers' common law duty of care — Duty of employers at common law — Non‐Ferrous Metals (Melting and Founding) Regulations, 1962 (S.I. 1962 No. 1667) reg. 13(1) (c),(4).
L.J. Davies, L.J. Sachs and L.J. Stamp
March 26; 1971 Negligence — Master and servant — Press operator — Scrap material lying on floor near press — Whether satisfactory system for removing scraps from floor.
Edmund Davies, L.J. Stamp and L.J. Scarman
Damages — Loss of future earnings — Assessment of — Domestic worker injured in fall at work — Injury to shoulder and right arm resulting in partial permanent disability — No…
Abstract
Damages — Loss of future earnings — Assessment of — Domestic worker injured in fall at work — Injury to shoulder and right arm resulting in partial permanent disability — No immediate loss of earnings — Employers' undertaking to retain in employment — Risk of future unemployment — Factors to be taken into account in assessing damages.
L.J. Davies, Edmund Davies and L.J. Stamp
June 10, 1971 Negligence — Burden of proof — Res ipsa loquitur — Whether necessary to plead‐Accident during course of employment — Workman injured by fall of heavy panels — Action…
Abstract
June 10, 1971 Negligence — Burden of proof — Res ipsa loquitur — Whether necessary to plead‐Accident during course of employment — Workman injured by fall of heavy panels — Action against employer — Allegation that workmen moving panels caused or permitted them to fall — No alternative explanation — Applicability of doctrine of res ipsa loquitur — Damages — Agreed continuing annual loss — Dispute as to total sum awarded — Basis of calculation to be disclosed to court.
Mary M. Maloney, Mary Zellmer-Bruhn and Priti Pradhan Shah
In this chapter we develop a conceptual model describing how global teams do more than accomplish discrete tasks, and create “spillover coordination” effects by influencing the…
Abstract
Purpose
In this chapter we develop a conceptual model describing how global teams do more than accomplish discrete tasks, and create “spillover coordination” effects by influencing the amount of work-related direct contact among team members outside the task boundaries of the team. We theorize that spillover coordination is the result of relational and cognitive social capital developed through team interaction. We also propose that the design of the team and the context in which it operates influence the degree to which social capital develops.
Methodology/approach
We develop a conceptual model including propositions that can be tested empirically. We suggest avenues for future research.
Practical implications
Our model proposes that teams are a more powerful cross-border integration mechanism than originally thought in existing literature in international management and organizational behavior, since they affect social capital that can benefit the broader MNE beyond scope of the task and after the team disbands. Our approach suggests that MNE managers should be mindful of global team spillover effects and intentional in the way they design global teams if those benefits are to be achieved.
Originality/value
Most research on global teams, and teams in general, does not look past the task and time boundary of the team. We expand the view of team effectiveness to encompass those dimensions.