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Article
Publication date: 1 June 1992

J. Sperling Martin

The creation, operation and maintenance of information resource facilities for competitive intelligence must be responsive to the dynamic relationships among users and sources…

348

Abstract

The creation, operation and maintenance of information resource facilities for competitive intelligence must be responsive to the dynamic relationships among users and sources that support the organization's business goals. Such an information center must be managed to accommodate evolving competitive intelligence needs. A further challenge is developing an integrated information resource that can simultaneously serve the needs of diverse communities of users. Traditional information representations are only the starting point. Solutions integrating innovative methods such as hypertext and expert systems are increasingly relevant.

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Online Review, vol. 16 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0309-314X

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Article
Publication date: 1 March 1986

J. Sperling Martin

The dramatically expanding use of personal computers and word processors has made it easier to create and revise text. However, the diversity of technologies and device…

201

Abstract

The dramatically expanding use of personal computers and word processors has made it easier to create and revise text. However, the diversity of technologies and device incompatibilities have resulted in problems in exchanging and processing these electronically created documents. Providing a solution to this dilemma was the focus of the AAP Electronic Manuscript Project. The resulting standards are described and illustrated.

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Library Hi Tech, vol. 4 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0737-8831

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Article
Publication date: 1 March 1991

John Price‐Wilkin

Libraries must actively support humanities text files, but we must remember that to focus exclusively on texts tied to specific systems is to put ourselves in opposition to the…

77

Abstract

Libraries must actively support humanities text files, but we must remember that to focus exclusively on texts tied to specific systems is to put ourselves in opposition to the needs of the researchers we intend to serve. A working model of the sort of system and resource provision that is appropriate is described. The system, one put in place at the University of Michigan, is the result of several years of discussions and investigation. While by no means the only model upon which to base such a service, it incorporates several features that are essential to the support of these materials: standardized, generalized data; the reliance on standards for the delivery of information; and remote use. Sidebars discuss ARTFL, a textual database; the Oxford Text Archive; InteLex; the Open Text Corporation; the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI); the machine‐readable version of the Oxford English Dictionary, 2d edition; and the Center for Electronic Texts in the Humanities.

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Library Hi Tech, vol. 9 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0737-8831

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Article
Publication date: 1 March 1990

Betsy N. Kiser

All of us in the library community are familiar with the impact of the MARC (machine‐readable cataloging) record on library operations. Whether we specialize in administrative…

51

Abstract

All of us in the library community are familiar with the impact of the MARC (machine‐readable cataloging) record on library operations. Whether we specialize in administrative, systems, public, or technical services, we recognize the MARC record as a standard data storage format that has made it easier to produce, store, and retrieve data. Few disagree that widespread adoption of the MARC record has enabled libraries to realize the full benefits of automation.

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Reference Services Review, vol. 18 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0090-7324

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Article
Publication date: 13 December 2024

Richard M. Kubina, Jared Van and Madeline Halkowski

Educational psychologists play critical roles in assessing, supporting and enhancing student outcomes. Adopting Precision Teaching (PT) methods could amplify their capacity to…

8

Abstract

Purpose

Educational psychologists play critical roles in assessing, supporting and enhancing student outcomes. Adopting Precision Teaching (PT) methods could amplify their capacity to serve struggling students. PT is a measurement system for defining target behaviours, systematic data collection, data displays and data-based programming decisions. The purpose of this paper is to present a rationale for the benefits of Precision Teaching to educational psychologists across four key domains: assessment, intervention, consultation, and research.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper explains and provides examples of how PT principles would enhance practices in each domain. For assessment, PT enables clearer problem specification, direct behaviour measurement and growth metrics. For intervention, PT supplies tactics grounded in research and efficient progress monitoring. For consultation, PT aligns with data-based problem-solving models. For research, PT promotes tighter experimental control and measurement of key phenomena.

Findings

Integrating PT would sharpen assessment acuity through enhanced goal setting and progress quantification. Intervention expertise would improve via research-based techniques and response-driven decision rules. Consultation efficacy would rise from consistent data conventions and collaborative problem analysis. Finally, single-case experimental methods would raise the rigour of investigations into core learning processes.

Originality/value

The paper uniquely demonstrates how PT can enhance educational psychology practices across assessment, intervention, consultation, and research. By integrating precise behavior measurement, real-time data collection, and systematic decision-making, PT offers innovative solutions to improve student outcomes and professional efficacy. Its evidence-based approach also strengthens collaboration and research rigor in the field.

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Tizard Learning Disability Review, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1359-5474

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Book part
Publication date: 23 September 2014

Abstract

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Local Disaster Risk Management in a Changing Climate: Perspective from Central America
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78350-935-5

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Book part
Publication date: 18 November 2022

Christi U. Edge

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Abstract

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Making Meaning with Readers and Texts
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-80262-337-6

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Book part
Publication date: 3 December 2018

Cristiano Codagnone, Athina Karatzogianni and Jacob Matthews

Abstract

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Platform Economics: Rhetoric and Reality in the ‘Sharing Economy’
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78743-809-5

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Book part
Publication date: 24 June 2024

Marsha L. Richins

This review identifies low self-concept clarity (SCC) as a source of consumer vulnerabilities and explains how the uncertainty associated with low SCC leads to processes that…

Abstract

This review identifies low self-concept clarity (SCC) as a source of consumer vulnerabilities and explains how the uncertainty associated with low SCC leads to processes that result in materialistic behaviors and overspending, product dissatisfaction, and potential self-harm. Processes include uncertainty reduction efforts through symbolic self-completion and social comparison, responses to everyday self-concept threats that result in feelings of deficiency and reduced consumption constraints, and susceptibility to interpersonal and marketer influences. In addition, the negative association between SCC and materialism is explained, risk factors for low SCC are described, and the need for research to help low SCC consumers deal with their vulnerabilities is explored.

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Book part
Publication date: 13 May 2015

Patrícia Baptista, Sandra Melo and Catarina Rolim

The dominance of road transport, both on passenger and freight movements, has reached alarming levels in what concerns their negative environmental impacts as well as societal and…

Abstract

Purpose

The dominance of road transport, both on passenger and freight movements, has reached alarming levels in what concerns their negative environmental impacts as well as societal and economic costs. To reverse this trend, a technology-driven approach and a behavioral change attitude need to be pursued. Promising results have been reported in Europe in the reduction of vehicle ownership, due to the introduction of an alternative transport mode known as car sharing. This work evaluates the contribution of car sharing to sustainable transport, based both in a technological shift and a potential behavioral change.

Methodology/approach

The state of the art on car sharing and policies presents the effects of these systems and how they have been promoted. As those effects can vary according to the geographical area, the users profile, and service characteristics, a worldwide analysis on car sharing systems covering more than 400 cities was performed. Average service indicators were quantified and characterization variables were accounted to those cities’ urban areas. Considering those normalized values, the authors performed an analysis of the car sharing system in Lisbon (Portugal). An initial assessment was made to estimate its current energy and environmental impacts. This outcome was then compared with the environmental and economic effects of using alternative vehicle technologies in car sharing. The results obtained enable a discussion of the more important variables for the success of the system and, consequently, to choose what policy instruments can help car sharing to succeed.

Findings

The results of the existing car sharing schemes reveal the positive contribution of car sharing to fill a “mobility gap” in sustainable transport. It works as a complement to other sustainable transport options and it impacts positively both society and car-sharers in terms of mobility costs, environmental, and energy implications. These results are more significant if a technology shift to electric mobility is promoted. Within the case study in Lisbon, the adoption of electric mobility would allow decreases up to 47% and 65% in energy consumption and CO2 emissions, respectively. Moreover, the present value economic analysis revealed that, these systems will only be economically viable after approximately 7 years. A sensitivity analysis to the economic model was performed showing that the variables having higher influence were cost-related variables (reducing the break-even timeframe from 36% to 57%), such as vehicle purchase cost, insurance, maintenance and tax costs, and fuel cost.

Social implications

Car sharing systems generally present social benefits to society as it leads to the reduction of car ownership, with all the positive effects that has on a lower demand for parking space, less congestion, reduced local pollutants and emissions. If the technology used by car sharing vehicles shifts from conventional to another type of technology, the effects both for society and car sharers are even more appealing from a social point of view. In the particular case study approached in the chapter, given the small scale of the car sharing network and low usage patterns, the local results have a low social impact at the city scale. A larger promotion of the system either with a more aggressive marketing campaign targeting specific population niches (e.g., environmentally conscious people), larger vehicle and parking availability, or better integration with the city’s public transport system could foster the deployment of the system, similarly to other cities.

Originality/value

Overall, the results obtained from this research work quantify the contribution of car sharing to sustainable transport and highlights the positive effects of promoting a technological shift. These facts reinforce the need for public policies to support the integration of car sharing within the city’s solutions to promote a more sustainable mobility. The successful deployment of car sharing systems can be influenced by policies targeting features such as allocation of parking, the fees and complementarity with public transport, signage and markings, and marketing of social and environmental benefits.

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