R. Kubacki, J. Sobiech, J. Kieliszek and A. Krawczyk
The assessing of the specific absorption rate (SAR) of living organisms or phantoms is difficult to realize and this paper seeks to do this. SAR much more precisely describes the…
Abstract
Purpose
The assessing of the specific absorption rate (SAR) of living organisms or phantoms is difficult to realize and this paper seeks to do this. SAR much more precisely describes the energy absorbed by biological objects than values of electric field strength (E [V/m]) or power density (S [W/m2]) measured at the point of exposition. However, for living objects the assessing of SAR is not an easy task by measuring methods or even in calculation evaluations. Numerical techniques, especially the finite‐difference time‐domain method (FDTD), offer different possibilities of calculations. The important problem with FDTD method introduced to lossy objects with complex shapes is that this method is not verified with the measuring data.
Design/methodology/approach
In this work the results of calculations and measuring data of ellipsoidal phantoms filled with specimen of electrical parameters like muscle tissue are presented. The calculations of SAR have been realized for two cases, e.g. for plane wave incident and for waveguide condition. Measurements for verifying the obtained data were done by waveguide method. The comparison of numerical (the package CONCERTO (Vector Fields Ltd)) and measurement methods were done at frequencies 900 and 1,800 MHz.
Findings
Calculations of SAR of lossy objects by FDTD method have been confirmed by measurements and analytical method of calculations. This documents that the package CONCERTO (Vector Fields Ltd) (Concerto User Guide) can be used for such calculations.
Originality/value
This paper presents the results of calculations of SAR of ellipsoidal phantoms filled with specimens of electrical parameters of equivalent muscle tissue.
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Faris Alshubiri and Syed Jamil
The present study aims to compare the effect of international paid remittances on financial development in three Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries from 1985 to 2020.
Abstract
Purpose
The present study aims to compare the effect of international paid remittances on financial development in three Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries from 1985 to 2020.
Design/methodology/approach
The study applied the bound cointegration technique and the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method for long- and short-run estimations as well as diagnostic tests to increase robustness.
Findings
The ARDL long-run results showed that international paid remittances had a significant negative effect on financial development in Oman and Saudi Arabia but an insignificant negative effect in Bahrain. The error correction model for the short run of the ARDL slowdown model showed that international paid remittances had a significant positive effect on financial development in Oman, Bahrain, and Saudi Arabia.
Originality/value
Few studies have examined remittance outflows from GCC countries, which are enriched by oil wealth and located in one of the most stable geographical areas in the world. The findings from this study can help policymakers understand how to enable remittances and investments in order to establish regulations that will preserve remittance inflows and meet target services.
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Hai Hong Trinh, Ilham Haouas and Tien Thi Thuy Tran
This study provides a bibliometric analysis of business literature on the interlinks of fintech, climate risks, and sustainable finance. Fintech growth promotes national…
Abstract
This study provides a bibliometric analysis of business literature on the interlinks of fintech, climate risks, and sustainable finance. Fintech growth promotes national environmental efficiency and green finance by decreasing carbon intensity toward the net-zero target. National fintech growth moderates the impact of environmental, social, and governance investment on bank efficiency. Fintech mitigates the loan bankruptcy risk imposed by climate risks with strict mortgage lending decisions due to climate concerns. Fintech applications in banking systems optimize financing costs and increase the accessibility of money for firms, decreasing corporate greenwashing behaviors and promoting green innovation. The existing literature leaves room for future studies on fintech to promote climate finance with important policies for climate action toward Sustainable Development Goals.
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Bosede Victoria Kudaisi, Titus Ayobami Ojeyinka and Tolulope Temilola Osinubi
International remittances are an important segment of external financial flows in Nigeria, currently superseding official development aid (ODA) in terms of volume, and foreign…
Abstract
Purpose
International remittances are an important segment of external financial flows in Nigeria, currently superseding official development aid (ODA) in terms of volume, and foreign direct investment (FDI) in terms of stability. This study is motivated by the recent increase in remittance flows in Nigeria as the highest recipient in West Africa, and the fact that the growth impact of remittances is weak within the country. The financial liberalization index developed by Chinn and Ito (2006) is employed in this study to examine the role of financial liberalization in the remittances-growth nexus in Nigeria over the period 1990–2018.
Design/methodology/approach
To address the possibility of endogeneity among the variables in the model, the study employs the generalized method of moments (GMM) as a technique of analysis.
Findings
Remittances and financial liberalization are found to have negative significant impacts on economic growth. However, the effect of the interaction term of financial liberalization and remittances on economic growth is positive and significant. This suggests that the two variables act as complements in the enhancement of economic growth in Nigeria. The study thus concludes that financial liberalization is a strong transmission channel through which remittance inflows positively affect economic growth in Nigeria. The study also advocates for a well-developed financial sector in order to attract more growth-enhancing remittances into the country.
Research limitations/implications
The implication of the research findings is that an unrestrained financial sector is necessary to encourage and optimize the benefits of remittance flows on economic growth in Nigeria.
Originality/value
Previous studies have considered the effects of financial development on the remittances-growth nexus in Nigeria. However, this study examines the role of financial liberalization in the nexus between remittances and economic growth in Nigeria by using the Chinn and Ito (2008) index of financial openness.
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Markus Lamprecht, Siegfried Nagel and Hanspeter Stamm
This chapter examines the origins and institutionalization of sport sociology in Germany and Switzerland and provides an overview of the current state of research. It shows how…
Abstract
This chapter examines the origins and institutionalization of sport sociology in Germany and Switzerland and provides an overview of the current state of research. It shows how academic chairs and research committees were established and how the first textbooks, anthologies, and journals appeared from the 1970s onwards. The institutionalization process of German-speaking sport sociology proceeded parallel to the establishment of sport science. With regard to its theoretical and empirical basis, German-speaking sport sociology is rooted in theories and concepts of general sociology. Studies using a system theory perspective, conceptualizing sport as a societal sub-system and examining its linkage with and dependence on economy, media, or politics are particularly common in the German-speaking region. In addition, actor theoretic perspectives are very popular, and French sociologists such as Bourdieu and Foucault have had a marked influence on German-speaking sport sociology. A large number of sport sociology studies are concerned with the changes in leisure and elite sports. In this context, the emergence of new trends in risk sports as well as the fitness boom and its implications on body perception are of special interest. Further areas of research refer to sport participation and the impact of social inequality, particularly with respect to gender differences and social integration. Finally, organization research focusing on change at the level of sport associations and clubs has a long tradition. Major challenges for the future of German-speaking sport sociology include its internationalization and an enhanced international linkage in order to improve the visibility of research results.
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Muhammad Asim Afridi, Ismail Khan, Haseeb Ur Rahman and Mustafa Rehman Khan
The aim of this research is to examine the moderating impact of financial development (FD) on the relationship between remittance inflows and economic growth in 82 developing…
Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this research is to examine the moderating impact of financial development (FD) on the relationship between remittance inflows and economic growth in 82 developing countries.
Design/methodology/approach
This research utilized dynamic panel data estimation, specifically the system generalized method of moment (GMM), on a panel data set comprised of 82 developing economies from 2000 to 2022.
Findings
The findings indicate that the interaction of remittances and FD proxies by size and depth creates a substitute effect to reduce economic growth. In contrast, the interaction of remittances and FD proxy by efficiency creates complementarity by attracting remittances that accelerate economic growth. The robustness of the findings is further checked across upper- and lower-middle-income countries, respectively.
Research limitations/implications
This study assists policymakers in attracting remittance inflows through FD and spending them in sustainable, productive ways to boost economic growth in developing economies.
Social implications
The policymakers should have interactive remittances–FD policies to improve not only economic growth but also the social welfare of the developing economies.
Originality/value
This work contributes significantly to the underexplored literature on the moderating impact of FD on the relationship between remittance inflows and economic growth in the developing countries context. This research utilizes maximum proxies of FD that not only examine the remittance but also investigate how FD various proxies shape the relationship between remittances and economic growth.
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The prevalence of high levels of vulnerable employment in developing countries poses a formidable obstacle to their progress towards achieving SDG 8. While worker remittances…
Abstract
Purpose
The prevalence of high levels of vulnerable employment in developing countries poses a formidable obstacle to their progress towards achieving SDG 8. While worker remittances (remittances) are widely recognised as a potential source of improving the welfare of people experiencing poverty, their effectiveness in alleviating vulnerable employment from a macro perspective remains unclear. Consequently, the study examines the impact of remittances on reducing vulnerable employment.
Design/methodology/approach
The study uses macro-level data from 73 developing countries covering 1990–2021. Vulnerable employment is measured in three forms: total, male, and female. Remittances are measured as a percentage of the gross domestic product. The findings are empirically analysed using dynamic panel data estimation techniques. A two-stage least squares (IV 2SLS) approach addresses remittance endogeneity.
Findings
Two key findings emerge from the study. First, increased remittances are associated with a decline in the total share of workers resorting to vulnerable employment, albeit a modest decline. Second, the remittance surge is associated with more males than females leaving vulnerable employment, indicating its gender-specific effects. These findings remain robust to several checks.
Practical implications
The study's findings underscore the potential of leveraging remittances to reduce vulnerable employment. To this end, selective and targeted policy interventions that promote financial literacy and inclusion, which serve as the cornerstones for effectively utilising remittances, are advised.
Originality/value
To the best of my knowledge, this study is the first to examine the impact of remittances on vulnerable employment on a macro scale. As such, the study makes a novel contribution to understanding how remittances serve as an enabler for SDG 8.
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Liu Xiaomei, Yao Yao, Aws AlHares, Yasir Shahab and Sun Yue
To investigate the impact of tax enforcement on (a) debt aggressiveness (DEA) and (b) dynamic adjustment of capital structure in Chinese listed firms.
Abstract
Purpose
To investigate the impact of tax enforcement on (a) debt aggressiveness (DEA) and (b) dynamic adjustment of capital structure in Chinese listed firms.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors estimate the target capital structure by employing the different models. This study uses data of Chinese A-share listed firms from year 1998 to 2015.
Findings
The study suggests that the greater the intensity of tax enforcement, the more radical the listed companies' debt policy. The macroeconomic status and nature of property rights have significant moderating effect on the positive relationship between tax enforcement and DEA of listed companies. Further, tax enforcement has a significant impact on the dynamic adjustment of capital structure.
Practical implications
Research conclusions are conducive to tax administration departments to understand the economic consequences of tax enforcement and further promote tax administration efficiency. Additionally, listed companies can rationally adjust their capital structure to strengthen tax enforcement.
Originality/value
This research helps extend the influencing factors of corporate debt decision-making and capital structure dynamic adjustment to the level of tax enforcement and provide new evidence on the effects of tax enforcement on corporate capital structure.
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Barbara Deladem Mensah and Abdallah Abdul-Mumuni
While several existing panel studies have focused on the linear specifications of the effect of remittances and financial development on carbon emissions, nonlinear panel studies…
Abstract
Purpose
While several existing panel studies have focused on the linear specifications of the effect of remittances and financial development on carbon emissions, nonlinear panel studies on this subject remain thin on the ground. The purpose of this paper is to examine the asymmetric effect of remittances and financial development on carbon emissions in 31 selected sub-Saharan African countries for the period spanning from 1996 to 2018.
Design/methodology/approach
The Kao, Pedroni and Johansen–Fisher co-integration tests were conducted to ascertain a long-run relationship among the studied variables, whereas the nonlinear panel autoregressive distributed lag approach was applied to account for asymmetries.
Findings
The study revealed, among other things, that remittances and financial development asymmetrically influence carbon emissions in the selected panel of sub-Saharan African countries. In the long run, the positive shock in remittances on carbon emissions is greater than in the negative shock in remittances. Additionally, both positive and negative shocks in financial development mitigate carbon emissions.
Research limitations/implications
The implications of this study include the need to provide tax incentives to remitters and encourage them to invest in clean technologies so as to maintain sustainable development and low carbon emissions in the environment. There is also the need for governments and policymakers to formulate policies aimed at improving the functioning of the financial sectors in sub-Saharan Africa.
Originality/value
The positive and negative shocks of remittances and financial development on carbon emissions are examined to ascertain their asymmetric relationships.
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SeyedSoroosh Azizi, Abed Aftabi, Mohsen Azizkhani and Kiana Yektansani
This study investigates the impact of international remittances on the economic growth of remittance-receiving countries, using data from 113 developing countries between 1990 and…
Abstract
Purpose
This study investigates the impact of international remittances on the economic growth of remittance-receiving countries, using data from 113 developing countries between 1990 and 2015.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors used a novel approach to address the potential endogeneity of remittances. The authors estimated bilateral remittances and use them to create weighted indicators of remittance-sending countries, which the authors then use as instruments for remittance inflows to remittance-receiving countries.
Findings
The results indicate that while remittances have a positive impact on economic growth in developing countries with high human capital, they do not contribute to growth in developing countries with low human capital. The authors also examined the channels through which remittances affect growth. The findings suggested that remittances do not impact labor supply in developing countries with high human capital, but they reduce labor supply in countries with low human capital. Additionally, remittances increase investment in physical capital in developing countries with high human capital, but they do not have an effect on investment in developing countries with low human capital.
Originality/value
The authors investigated the impact of remittances on economic growth using a novel approach to address the endogeneity of remittances. Additionally, the authors examined the different indirect channels through which remittances can impact economic growth, such as their effect on labor supply and investment.