L.J. Sellers, L.J. Danckwerts and L.J. Sachs
April 24, 1967 Master and Servant — Vicarious liability — Scope of employment — Customer's five ton vehicle blocking access to warehouse — Driver of fork lift truck's inability to…
Abstract
April 24, 1967 Master and Servant — Vicarious liability — Scope of employment — Customer's five ton vehicle blocking access to warehouse — Driver of fork lift truck's inability to gain access — Attempted removal of five ton lorry by driver of truck — Accident to fellow employee — Whether in course of employment — Liability of employers.
L.J. Willmer, L.J. Russell and J. Scarman
March 4, 1966 Damages — Remoteness — Breach of warranty by sub‐contractors to contractors to provide suitable scaffolding — Concurrent breach of statutory duty by contractors to…
Abstract
March 4, 1966 Damages — Remoteness — Breach of warranty by sub‐contractors to contractors to provide suitable scaffolding — Concurrent breach of statutory duty by contractors to plaintiff's husband to see that suitable scaffolding provided — Fatal injury to plaintiff's husband — Contractors liable in tort to plaintiff — Whether damages “flowing from breach” — Whether rights under warranty affected.
L.J. Davies, Edmund Davies and L.J. Buckley
July 6,1971 Building — Construction Regulations — “Working place” — Guard‐rails to be erected where workmen liable to fall more than six feet six inches — Partly demolished…
Abstract
July 6,1971 Building — Construction Regulations — “Working place” — Guard‐rails to be erected where workmen liable to fall more than six feet six inches — Partly demolished building — Floorboards removed to make four—feet—wide passageways with gap in between — Whether passageways a “working place” — Whether “impracticable” to erect guard‐rails — Construction (Working Places) Regulations, 1966 (S.I. 1966, No. 94), regs. 28(1), 38(1).
March 21, 1969 National Insurance — Benefits — Earnings — related supplement — “Reckonable earnings” — Casual employment — Schedule E assessment — Employment by four employers �…
Abstract
March 21, 1969 National Insurance — Benefits — Earnings — related supplement — “Reckonable earnings” — Casual employment — Schedule E assessment — Employment by four employers — Tax deducted from remuneration by one employer — Tax collected from employee by special arrangements with regard to earnings from other three employers — Whether total earnings reckonable in calculating earnings — related supplement for national insurance benefits — “Deductible” tax — Administrative convenience resulting in injustice — National Insurance Act, 1965 (c.51), s4(2) — National Insurance Act, 1966 (c.6), s.2(l), 5(b) — Income Tax (Employments) Regulations, 1965 (S.I. 1965, No.516),reg. 51(1).
January 18, 1967 Factory — Passage — “Substance likely to cause persons to slip” — Water — Flooded passage floor swept but left with puddles — Reasonably practicable to make floor…
Abstract
January 18, 1967 Factory — Passage — “Substance likely to cause persons to slip” — Water — Flooded passage floor swept but left with puddles — Reasonably practicable to make floor drier — Feet of passers down passage making grating damp — Employers' liability to employee slipping on grating — Factories Act, 1961 (9 & 10 Eliz. II, c. 34), s. 28.
May 12,1967 Factory — Dangerous machinery (fencing) — Guard provided and ready for use — Machine being re‐set — Guard provided for operation not used by workman — Whether machine…
Abstract
May 12,1967 Factory — Dangerous machinery (fencing) — Guard provided and ready for use — Machine being re‐set — Guard provided for operation not used by workman — Whether machine “fenced” — Workman re‐setting machine without calling on help of assistant — Whether reckless — Whether amounting to contributory negligence — Factories Act, 1961 (9 & 10 Eliz.II, c.34), ss. 14,16.
May 19, 1969 Insurance — Employers' liability — Accident arising “out of and in the course of employment — Employee travelling to work in car lent by employers to fellow‐employee…
Abstract
May 19, 1969 Insurance — Employers' liability — Accident arising “out of and in the course of employment — Employee travelling to work in car lent by employers to fellow‐employee — Car lent on condition that if used it would take named employees to work — Whether accident “arising out of and in the course of” employee's employment — Whether indemnity under policy — National Insurance (Industrial Injuries) Act, 1946 (9 & 10 Geo. VI, c.62), s. 9(1) — National Insurance (Industrial Injuries) Act, 1965 (c.52), ss. 8(1), 6.
Amna Salman, Anoop Sattineni, Salman Azhar and Kasia Leousis
The purpose of this study is to conduct a rigorous systematic literature review and present a summary of building systems and technologies that can be used to mitigate the spread…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to conduct a rigorous systematic literature review and present a summary of building systems and technologies that can be used to mitigate the spread of airborne viruses. With the recent outbreak of COVID-19, occupants’ health and indoor air quality (IAQ) have become a critical issue for facility managers to maintain the full functionality of the buildings. An improved understanding of these available systems will help facility managers and building owners to protect the health and safety of building occupants.
Design/methodology/approach
The PRISMA protocol was used for defining the literature search methodology. The concept mapping technique was used for determining the keywords. The keywords were then used to search for relevant articles using the Scopus database and Google Scholar. A thorough bibliometric analysis and qualitative analysis were conducted for the selected publications.
Findings
It was found that sensor technologies, botanical air-filtration systems and artificial intelligence could be used to effectively monitor and improve IAQ. In addition, natural ventilation is one of the low-cost and effective methods of reducing contaminants from the indoor air. Computational fluid dynamic modeling can be used to understand the flow of virus particles within the building through the heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) system. Several changes to the HVAC system are also discussed.
Originality/value
This study contains a diversity of methods from the existing literature that were systematically selected to present the state-of-the-art building systems and technologies that can effectively improve IAQ. The researchers plan to follow up on the findings of this research and will conduct an empirical study to assess its impact on IAQ.
Details
Keywords
Joseph Dippong and Will Kalkhoff
We review literature linking patterns of vocal accommodation in the paraverbal range of the voice to small group structures of status and dominance. We provide a thorough overview…
Abstract
Purpose
We review literature linking patterns of vocal accommodation in the paraverbal range of the voice to small group structures of status and dominance. We provide a thorough overview of the current state of vocal accommodation research, tracing the development of the model from its early focus on patterns of mutual vocal adaptation, to the current focus on structural factors producing patterns of unequal accommodation between group members. We also highlight gaps in existing knowledge and opportunities to contribute to the development of vocal accommodation as an unobtrusive, nonconscious measure of small group hierarchies.
Approach
We trace the empirical development of vocal accommodation as a measure of status and power, and discuss connections between vocal accommodation and two prominent theoretical frameworks: communication accommodation theory (CAT) and expectation states theory. We also provide readers with a guide for collecting and analyzing vocal data and for calculating two related measures of vocal accommodation.
Findings
Across multiple studies, vocal accommodation significantly predicts observers’ perceptions regarding interactants engaged in debates and interviews. Studies have specifically linked vocal accommodation to perceptions of relative power or dominance, but have not shown a relationship between accommodation and perceptions of prestige.
Research Implications
Vocal accommodation measures have clear applications for measuring and modeling group dynamics. More work is needed to understand how accommodation functions in clearly-defined status situations, how the magnitude of status differences affects the degree of accommodation inequality, and how vocal accommodation is related to other correlates of social status, including openness to influence and contributions to group tasks.
Details
Keywords
In the face of increasing resource insecurity, environmental degradation and climate change, more governments and businesses are now embracing the concept of the circular economy…
Abstract
In the face of increasing resource insecurity, environmental degradation and climate change, more governments and businesses are now embracing the concept of the circular economy. This chapter presents some historical background to the concept, with particular attention paid to its assumed opposite, the ‘linear’ or growth economy. While the origins of the circular economy concept are to be found in 1960s environmentalism, the chapter draws attention to the influence of the then ‘new’ sciences of ecology and ‘cybernetics’ in shaping the public environmental discourse of the period. It also draws attention to the background of the present linear economy in postwar policies that encouraged reconstruction and a social and economic democratisation across the West, including an expansion of mass-consumption. It emphasises the role of the 1960s counterculture in generating a popular reaction against this expansionary growth-based agenda, and its influence in shaping subsequent environmentalism, including the ‘metabolic’ and ecological economic understanding of the environmental crisis that informs the concept of the circular economy. Reflecting upon this historical preamble, the chapter concludes that more attention should be paid to the economic, cultural and social contexts of consumption, now more clearly the main driver of our global environmental crisis. Without now engaging more directly with the ‘consumption problem’, the chapter argues, it seems unlikely that the goals of the circular economy can be met.