Robyn E. Metcalfe, Claudia Reino, Arriell Jackson, Jean M. Kjellstrand and J. Mark Eddy
Over 2 million individuals are incarcerated in the US criminal justice system. More than half of incarcerated Americans are also parents of minors. Parental incarceration can lead…
Abstract
Over 2 million individuals are incarcerated in the US criminal justice system. More than half of incarcerated Americans are also parents of minors. Parental incarceration can lead to a higher risk of mental illness and enduring trauma in children, as well as other problematic cognitive, developmental, and educational outcomes. Examining parental incarceration through a racial equity lens is critical, as people of color make up 67% of the incarcerated population despite making up only 37% of the US population. Further, gender-related equity issues pose important challenges for families with incarcerated parents. Here, we discuss prison-based psychosocial interventions designed both to build parenting skills and to improve parent well-being within a racial and gender equity lens. We hypothesize that effective services in these areas are essential components in a broad strategy designed to mitigate the potential negative effects suffered by families and children of incarcerated parents of color as a result of their imprisonment.
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J. Gyselinck, P. Dular, N. Sadowski, J. Leite and J.P.A. Bastos
This paper deals with the incorporation of a vector hysteresis model in 2D finite‐element (FE) magnetic field calculations. A previously proposed vector extension of the…
Abstract
This paper deals with the incorporation of a vector hysteresis model in 2D finite‐element (FE) magnetic field calculations. A previously proposed vector extension of the well‐known scalar Jiles‐Atherton model is considered. The vectorised hysteresis model is shown to have the same advantages as the scalar one: a limited number of parameters (which have the same value in both models) and ease of implementation. The classical magnetic vector potential FE formulation is adopted. Particular attention is paid to the resolution of the nonlinear equations by means of the Newton‐Raphson method. It is shown that the application of the latter method naturally leads to the use of the differential reluctivity tensor, i.e. the derivative of the magnetic field vector with respect to the magnetic induction vector. This second rank tensor can be straightforwardly calculated for the considered hysteresis model. By way of example, the vector Jiles‐Atherton is applied to two simple 2D FE models exhibiting rotational flux. The excellent convergence of the Newton‐Raphson method is demonstrated.
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Ante Mandić, Smiljana Pivčević and Lidija Petrić
Building on a TripAdvisor data for five Mediterranean destinations, namely, Greece, Croatia, Italy, France and Spain, this study analyses the constituents of restaurants' online…
Abstract
Building on a TripAdvisor data for five Mediterranean destinations, namely, Greece, Croatia, Italy, France and Spain, this study analyses the constituents of restaurants' online reputation and their interrelation with destination competitiveness, in particular two Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI) pillars, namely, Prioritisation of Travel and Tourism and Price Competitiveness.
The analysis has revealed that restaurants' online reputation is positively influenced by two factors, namely, Core elements, i.e. cooking, service and price-quality ratio, and Price. Furthermore, the restaurants' online reputation does not influence destination competitiveness (TTCI) directly, but indirectly throughout its main constituents, i.e. service and price. Price is the only variable with significant influence on overall TTCI. Within the sample of these destinations, Balkan countries, i.e. Greece and Croatia, perform very well in terms of their restaurants' online reputation. On the other hand, considering the overall TTCI rating, their competitive positions are substantially lower than those of Italy, France and Spain.
The study provides new insights into the relationship between gastronomic offer and destination competitiveness, and valuable practical implications for destination and hospitality management. Moreover, this study addresses various gaps in existing research on this topic. Specifically, it validates the reputation elements presented online using TripAdvisor data and analyses the impact of electronic Word of Mouth (eWOM) not only as the outcome variable of other constructs, as is the case in the literature, but also as a central construct of the analysis. In doing so, it extends current research on this topic and fills the gap regarding the inclusion of the supply-side stakeholder perspective, which has long been recognised as necessary in any attempts to measure competitiveness.
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Pepka A. Boyadjieva and Petya I. Ilieva-Trichkova
The chapter focuses on how higher education (HE) influences the construction of social trust. Social trust is defined as one of the most important subjective aspect of people’s…
Abstract
The chapter focuses on how higher education (HE) influences the construction of social trust. Social trust is defined as one of the most important subjective aspect of people’s well-being. The analysis refers to impersonal trust and institutional trust, and uses various indicators for measuring the two, such as generalized trust, generalized fairness, trust in parliament, and trust in the legal system. The study covers 19 European countries and explores the problem at both aggregate and individual level. It draws on data from the European Social Survey (2006–2010), applying descriptive statistics and multilevel modeling for the analysis of data. The chapter argues that the higher the educational level of people is, the more trustful they are. Our findings clearly show that, at the individual level, HE influences positively the degrees of both impersonal and institutional trust. The results also suggest that the relationship between HE and trust differs substantially across European countries. As regards impersonal trust, the impact of HE is stronger in countries where people without HE have lower average levels of impersonal trust. However, with respect to institutional trust, HE tends to have a strong positive impact in countries with high levels of institutional trust among people without HE. Furthermore, both impersonal and institutional trust among HE graduates is greater in countries with full democracy than in those with a flawed democracy. This fact raises once again the question whether social trust is a characteristic of individuals or of social systems.
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Yamna Ghoul, Kaouther Ibn Taarit and Moufida Ksouri
The purpose of this paper is to present a separable identification algorithm for a multiple-input single-output (MISO) continuous-time (CT) system.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a separable identification algorithm for a multiple-input single-output (MISO) continuous-time (CT) system.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper proposes an optimal method for the identification of MISO CT systems with unknown time delays by using the Simplified Refined Instrumental Variable method.
Findings
Simulations results are presented to show the performance of the proposed approach in the presence of additive output measurement noise.
Originality/value
This paper presents an optimal and robust method to separable delays and parameter identification of a MISO CT system with unknown time delays from sampled input/output data.
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The growth in women’s entrepreneurship that has been witnessed recently in regions such as the USA has been lauded by scholars and policymakers alike. However, women continue to…
Abstract
The growth in women’s entrepreneurship that has been witnessed recently in regions such as the USA has been lauded by scholars and policymakers alike. However, women continue to start businesses in sectors that reflect the kind of work that women do in the home, such as cooking, cleaning and catering. Research shows that women’s ‘choices’ for female-typed businesses are driven by their need to accommodate domestic responsibilities – that is, caring for children. This raises questions about whether women without such responsibilities are freer to start businesses in the types of industries (e.g. high technology) that have long been dominated by men. Furthermore, given pronatalist assumptions, there are questions about the extent to which childfree women operating businesses in male-dominated sectors are perceived as legitimate by their business relations. Taking these questions as a starting point, this chapter examines the way in which the intersections of parental status (mother/other) and gender role (in)congruence (congruent/incongruent) make the entrepreneurial experiences of women working in male-dominated/masculinised industries and sectors qualitatively different from the experiences of women working in female-dominated/feminised industries. Focus is upon the resources (i.e. social capital) that women entrepreneurs are able to secure from their social network, for the ability to secure such resources is a prerequisite to business success.
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Steven L. Grover, Stephen T.T. Teo, David Pick, Maree Roche and Cameron J. Newton
The purpose of this paper is to demystify the role of the personal resource of psychological capital (PsyCap) in the job demands-resources model. The theory suggests that personal…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to demystify the role of the personal resource of psychological capital (PsyCap) in the job demands-resources model. The theory suggests that personal resources directly influence perceptions of job demands, job resources, and outcomes. Alternatively, personal resources may moderate the impact of job demands and job resources on outcomes.
Design/methodology/approach
A survey of 401 nurses working in the Australian healthcare sector explores the relations among PsyCap, job demands and resources, and psychological well-being and work engagement.
Findings
The results suggest that PsyCap directly influences perceptions of job demands and resources and that it directly influences the outcomes of well-being and engagement. Furthermore, job demands and job resources mediate the relation of PsyCap with well-being and engagement, respectively.
Research limitations/implications
The moderation effect of PsyCap was not supported, which suggests that PsyCap relates to perceptions as opposed to being a coping mechanism. This finding therefore narrows the scope of personal resources in this important model.
Originality/value
The importance of this study lies in its exploration of various ways that personal resources can influence this dominant model and in analyzing the global construct of PsyCap as opposed to some of its constituent parts.
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Richard D. Wilding and J. Michael Newton
A definition recently proposed by the Institute of Logistics states that: “Logistics is the time‐related positioning of resources”. Experience indicates that major benefits can be…
Abstract
A definition recently proposed by the Institute of Logistics states that: “Logistics is the time‐related positioning of resources”. Experience indicates that major benefits can be derived by focusing on the effective management of the key resources of the business. The key to success involves understanding what constitutes best practice in management of these resources with respect to time and how this can be applied, given the unique characteristics of a particular business. By viewing logistics as a time‐based strategy many benefits can be obtained. Presents an overview of the strategic issues based on experience with partner companies at the Warwick Manufacturing Group, University of Warwick. Discusses the tools and measures used for re‐engineering the supply chain through the use of time, and gives a brief example demonstrating the success of this approach.
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M. Cervera, Y.C. Liu and E. Hinton
A hierarchically preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) method for finite element analysis is presented. Its use is demonstrated for the difficult problem of the non‐linear…
Abstract
A hierarchically preconditioned conjugate gradient (PCG) method for finite element analysis is presented. Its use is demonstrated for the difficult problem of the non‐linear analysis of 3D reinforced concrete structures. Examples highlight the dramatic savings in computer storage and more modest savings in solution times obtained using PCG especially for large problems.
Trustworthy institutions are often seen as a way of maintaining high levels of collaboration in society. Yet, what characterizes individuals who trust that authorities will…
Abstract
Trustworthy institutions are often seen as a way of maintaining high levels of collaboration in society. Yet, what characterizes individuals who trust that authorities will safeguard their consumer rights remains under-explored. This study addresses this gap by examining cross-national variations in trust that authorities protect consumer rights. In doing so, it explores whether and how one's in-market experiences and perception (experiencing problems or detriment and issues with product safety), knowledge of consumer rights, and one's socioeconomic resources are related to having confidence that public authorities protect one's consumer rights. In doing so, it partly accounts for national-level institutional and policy variation, by employing country and year fixed effects. The study employs multilevel hierarchical models on four rounds of surveys covering 30 European countries in the 2014–2020 period. The results support the hypothesis that trust is malleable, as negative experiences and market perceptions correlate with trust. Trust levels vary across groups with different access to socioeconomic resources. Knowledge of consumer rights does significantly correlate with the outcome, with a few exceptions. In sum, the study suggests a link between trust in public authorities and markets, which may lead to virtuous or vicious spirals of trust.