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Article
Publication date: 11 December 2009

Danny Dorling

In both the United States and the United Kingdom, a series of surveys of the mental health of children and, in particular, adolescents have suggested that there appear to be…

374

Abstract

In both the United States and the United Kingdom, a series of surveys of the mental health of children and, in particular, adolescents have suggested that there appear to be significant increases in measured levels of anxiety and depression among more recently‐born populations. Here, 16 studies are selected of children in North America, which adds to the body of evidence suggesting that rates of depression among adolescent girls do appear to be rising (p=0.024) to rates of above one in seven suffering in the most recent of surveys, as opposed to almost seven times fewer being depressed among their mothers' generation. The results for boys also show a rise, but not yet significant at the p<0.05 level (p=0.108). These studies are taken from a wider worldwide set, which, in aggregate, do not show a sustained rise. In the worldwide set of studies, most of the more recent surveys have been taken in more equitable affluent countries away from North America or the United Kingdom. By inference, this review suggests that it is the particularly competitive and divisive social environments of North America and the United Kingdom that may well have led to levels of anxiety rising for children in countries in these regions more significantly than elsewhere in affluent countries. Geography appears to matter to children's mental health. The review begins and ends by raising concerns over the possible effects of the current economic crash given this social context, and the political desire to return to economic business as usual.

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Journal of Public Mental Health, vol. 8 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1746-5729

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Publication date: 16 November 2018

Ruth M. Sladek and Svetlana M. King

It is well recognized that students from refugee backgrounds are typically predisposed to social, economic, and educational disadvantage. These layers of disadvantage can…

Abstract

It is well recognized that students from refugee backgrounds are typically predisposed to social, economic, and educational disadvantage. These layers of disadvantage can negatively impact upon higher education participation, not only in undergraduate, but also postgraduate education. This is even more pronounced in high stakes courses (e.g., medicine), where competition for entry is fierce. Pursuing medicine is arguably a pipedream for most immigrants from refugee backgrounds.

We incorporate a retrospective narrative based on the first author’s experience of a major policy change. Using historical correspondence records, the authors present the story of an unsuccessful applicant with a refugee background, who questioned why she was denied entrance into medicine. Her appeal triggered the establishment of a refugee subquota into graduate entry medicine. This chapter describes the antecedents, development, and subsequent successful implementation of this policy initiative. The broader implications for the healthcare system, patient care, and medical education are discussed. This chapter concludes by urging higher education institutions to review their policies so that students with a refugee background are fairly represented across all courses and careers, providing them with the opportunity to convert their pipedreams into possibilities.

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Strategies, Policies, and Directions for Refugee Education
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78714-798-0

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Article
Publication date: 1 December 2005

B. Welsh and J. Kokaua

This paper seeks to describe the New Zealand Ministry of Health District Health Board (DHB) Mental Health Service Profile, which for the first time compares performance on a…

584

Abstract

Purpose

This paper seeks to describe the New Zealand Ministry of Health District Health Board (DHB) Mental Health Service Profile, which for the first time compares performance on a number of quality indicators for the populations of 21 DHBs.

Design/methodology/approach

The background, theory and development of the Ministry of Health Mental Health Directorate DHB Mental Health Service Profile (Profile) is discussed and example pages from the Profile are included

Findings

The DHB Profile overcomes the problem of setting arbitrary benchmarks by using the range of current practice across the sector. The profile demonstrates that certain levels of performance can be achieved and, given a better understanding of the long‐term client group, is potentially a very powerful tool for encouraging improved service delivery. Improved data quality is also likely to be a spin‐off from the use of the Profile in the sector.

Originality/value

Having key DHB mental health quality information in one place and being able to compare individual DHB performance with minimum, medium and maximum values for all DHBs are a significant step to improving information use and understanding DHB service and quality issues.

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Benchmarking: An International Journal, vol. 12 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1463-5771

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Article
Publication date: 20 January 2022

Jasmina Ilicic and Stacey M. Brennan

This research aims to introduce an anxious product-shaking effect, whereby consumers regulate the emotion of anxiety (i.e. anxious, nervous and jittery) elicited through product…

867

Abstract

Purpose

This research aims to introduce an anxious product-shaking effect, whereby consumers regulate the emotion of anxiety (i.e. anxious, nervous and jittery) elicited through product packaging design by shaking a product, which decreases eating intentions and behavior. Shaking product interaction as a result of anxiety-inducing product packaging design is introduced as a strategy to counter emotional eating, as an effective preventive measure of obesity.

Design/methodology/approach

Three laboratory studies (Studies 1–3) and one online study (Study 4) are conducted. Study 1 examines the effect of anxiety-inducing product packaging design on product interaction (i.e. shaking vs pouring). Study 2 investigates whether product shaking is a form of emotional regulation to anxiety-inducing product packaging design. Study 3 explores the effect of emotional regulation suppression (i.e. pouring) and facilitation (i.e. shaking) on eating behavior. Study 4 examines the moderating role of phobia severity on the effect of anxiety-inducing product packaging on emotional regulation and the downstream consequences on eating intentions.

Findings

Results demonstrate that the presence of anxiety-eliciting product packaging design results in shaking of the product (Study 1) as a form of emotional regulation (Study 2). Results from Study 3 find that emotional regulation facilitation (i.e. shaking) decreases eating, while emotion regulation suppression (i.e. pouring) increases eating. Results of Study 4 show that when exposed to anxiety-inducing product packing design, those with low phobia severity are less likely to regulate their emotions, which subsequently increases their eating intentions.

Research limitations/implications

This research is limited as it focuses only on product interaction and consumption of food products.

Practical implications

This research has important implications for marketers and product managers, as well as public policymakers, in encouraging responsible consumption behaviors in consumers. Marketing, product managers and policymakers should consider packaging design to introduce anxiety-inducing imagery on the packaging itself as a way to encourage shaking emotional regulation and to reduce eating, especially of unhealthy foods such as confectionary.

Originality/value

This research introduces and provides evidence of an anxious product-shaking effect that can reduce consumption of unhealthy food products. Anxiety-inducing packaging design strategy results in the emotional regulation of product shaking, which can reduce eating intentions and behavior.

Details

European Journal of Marketing, vol. 56 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0309-0566

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Article
Publication date: 25 June 2021

Garth den Heyer

The purpose of this research was to examine which factors increase the risk of post-traumatic stress in police officers to assist with identifying strategies that will minimize…

457

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this research was to examine which factors increase the risk of post-traumatic stress in police officers to assist with identifying strategies that will minimize its occurrence.

Design/methodology/approach

This study of constabulary and non-constabulary members of the New Zealand Police has been based on an 80-question electronic survey, which was sent to all serving, resigned and retired members of the New Zealand Police Association, which number approximately 18,000. The survey included a series of questions that measured the post-traumatic stress that participants experienced.

Findings

Variables associated with post-traumatic stress were examined using logistic regression modeling techniques. The study found that post-traumatic stress was prevalent among serving, resigned and retired police members and exposure to trauma, especially prolonged exposure, was significantly associated with post-traumatic stress. More than 49% of participants were found to have some post-traumatic stress symptoms and more than 14% of participants indicated a presumptive clinical diagnosis of post-traumatic stress.

Research limitations/implications

The limitations of the research included not include questions relating to the Social Provisions Scale (SPS) and General Health Questionnaire, nor did it include police officer recruits. A further limitation was that it was a cross-sectional study.

Originality/value

An understanding as to which variables influence or increase post-traumatic stress disorder is important for police officers and the police institution. The findings from this study indicate that exposure to trauma is strongly associated with high levels of post-traumatic stress, while good sleep and relaxation decrease the influence of such variables.

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Policing: An International Journal, vol. 44 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1363-951X

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Article
Publication date: 11 July 2008

Antonio Davide Barretta

This study aims to evaluate the effects produced by a strategy aimed at neutralising one of the “disturbance factors” that may impede the focalisation on “real (in)efficiency” in…

910

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to evaluate the effects produced by a strategy aimed at neutralising one of the “disturbance factors” that may impede the focalisation on “real (in)efficiency” in relative efficiency assessments within the health‐care sector: the exclusion of indirect costs from these comparative analyses.

Design/methodology/approach

The empirical analysis is based on the statistical elaboration of data from a sample group of hospital sub‐units within Italian health‐care trusts. The analysis isolates the effect on efficiency indicator variability (dependent variable) of excluding indirect costs (independent variable).

Findings

The analysis conducted has uncovered the likely manipulation of indirect costs to create the impression of having achieved approximately average levels of efficiency performance. The case analysed in this study shows how a defensive orientation in public organizations may arise even without the application of some form of compulsory benchmarking.

Practical implications

The results observed highlight how the exclusion of indirect costs – potentially allocated to attain cross‐subsidization among cost objects – may help to uncover actual cases of (in)efficiency and thus aid in identifying “true” best practices.

Originality/value

Literature has presented a variety of strategies aimed at neutralising some of the “disturbance factors” that impede the focalisation on “real (in)efficiency” in inter‐trust efficiency comparisons. However, until now no studies have supplied evidence of the efficacy of the strategies in question in isolating “real (in)efficiency”.

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Benchmarking: An International Journal, vol. 15 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1463-5771

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Article
Publication date: 31 January 2023

Patricia Gooding, Rebecca Crook, Melissa Westwood, Claire Faichnie and Sarah Peters

This study aims to examine the following across a six-month period in post-graduate research (PGR) students: mental health and well-being; the effect of academic pressures on…

317

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to examine the following across a six-month period in post-graduate research (PGR) students: mental health and well-being; the effect of academic pressures on depression, anxiety and well-being; and the extent to which psychological resilience buffered against academic pressures.

Design/methodology/approach

This was a longitudinal questionnaire study with predictor variables of six types of academic pressure, outcome variables of depression, anxiety and well-being, and a moderator of resilience.

Findings

Well-being significantly worsened across the six-month timeframe, but levels of depression and anxiety remained relatively stable. Negative perceptions of academic challenges at baseline significantly predicted anxiety, but not depression or well-being, six months later. Negative appraisals of relationships with supervisors, other university staff and work peers were not predictors of anxiety. Social support resilience which was present at baseline buffered the relationship between perceived academic challenges and anxiety.

Practical implications

Higher education institutions have a duty of care towards PGR students, many of whom struggle with the escalating interactions between mental health problems and academic pressures. Actively nurturing psychological resilience related to social support is key at the level of individual students and the PGR community but more broadly at an institutional level.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to examine the effects of negative perceptions of multiple facets of academic life on depression, anxiety and well-being longitudinally. Additionally, it is the first study to investigate, and demonstrate, the extent to which psychological resilience can lessen the relationship between academic challenges and anxiety over time.

Details

Studies in Graduate and Postdoctoral Education, vol. 14 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2398-4686

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Article
Publication date: 16 July 2024

Maulupeivao Betty Ofe-Grant, Miura Elikana, Losi SauLilo, Lillian Vimahi, Seipua O'Brien and Evangeleen Joseph

Colonial epistemes distort ideologies through power structures and control, perpetuating differences and the development of an inferior status. This study aims to serve dual…

127

Abstract

Purpose

Colonial epistemes distort ideologies through power structures and control, perpetuating differences and the development of an inferior status. This study aims to serve dual purposes: Firstly, the authors advocate for Pacific and international business (IB) researchers to consider adopting inclusive research practices, particularly regarding Pacific and indigenous populations. Secondly, the authors argue that decolonization presents conflicting challenges, demonstrating that the authors still have a long way to go regarding the decolonization agenda within academia, the university, IB and broader society.

Design/methodology/approach

An essay style is adopted to introduce inclusive Pacific research practices specific to the Pacific context, what that looks like and the advantages of using culturally appropriate methods.

Findings

This paper highlights some examples that justify why Pacific methods should be used, such as spirituality and prayers underpinned by the va (i.e. relational spaces) – a concept well-known in Pacific cultures but missing in Western academic frameworks, models and approaches. Additionally, the authors found that the endeavours to be inclusive can paradoxically lead to exclusion and marginalization within academia, the university and popular mainstream media.

Social implications

This paper enriches IB theory and pedagogy by advocating for the co-creation of inclusive research practices in collaboration with Pacific and indigenous communities. It contributes to the broader movement to restore indigenous knowledge and scholarship research spaces.

Originality/value

The originality and value of the viewpoint lie in its potential to stimulate conversations and reflections among IB researchers regarding inclusive research practices of decoloniality. Thereby strengthening the “trumpet-shell” call to decolonize the field and academia, which IB as a discipline should not be immune to.

Details

Critical Perspectives on International Business, vol. 21 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1742-2043

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Article
Publication date: 12 June 2017

Stuart Thomas and Amy Watson

The purpose of this paper is to propose a focus for mental health training efforts to better equip officers to provide interventions and supports to help facilitate improved…

1986

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to propose a focus for mental health training efforts to better equip officers to provide interventions and supports to help facilitate improved outcomes for people experiencing mental health crises.

Design/methodology/approach

A reflection on key evidence relating to mental health training programmes delivered to police, focussing on Australia, the USA and Canada.

Findings

While there are a number of similarities in the core content of mental health training programmes offered internationally, the availability and uptake of training across jurisdictions remains piecemeal and idiosyncratic. Police officers report a strong preference for hands-on experiential learning; this has immediate and direct relevance to their operational duties, and is consistent with core principles of andragogy. While all police employees require mental health training, specialised mental health training programmes should clearly be reserved for a select group of officers who volunteer after acquiring sufficient operational experience.

Research limitations/implications

Priorities should centre on measuring the effectiveness of mental health training packages and discerning the active elements associated with changes in police skills and confidence, as well as identifying elements that support improved outcomes for people who experience mental illness and who have contact with the police.

Practical implications

Police need to continue to need to seek legitimacy with respect to their guardianship role as mental health interventionists. Training should tap into practice-based wisdom. Training should be practical, applied and reinforced through wider knowledge-based learning and workplace reinforcement. Training is needed for everyone, but specialised training is not for all. Police need to focus on the partnerships and expend time, energy and resources to maintain and grow them. Specialist (and other forms of) training needs to be evaluated so we understand what works?

Originality/value

There may be opportunities to streamline the delivery of knowledge-based aspects of mental health training and focus much more on experiential learning, both in specialised training courses as well as shorter mental health awareness sessions.

Details

Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice, vol. 3 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2056-3841

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Article
Publication date: 9 November 2021

Leethu LT, Sibasis Hense, Prakash Babu Kodali and Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan

This study estimated the prevalence of depressive disorders among PhD students and analyzed the underlying factors in the Indian context.

304

Abstract

Purpose

This study estimated the prevalence of depressive disorders among PhD students and analyzed the underlying factors in the Indian context.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors utilized an “Integrative framework” and a mixed-method approach involving survey and in-depth interviews. The survey was conducted among 240 PhD students using multistage cluster sampling in two public universities of Kerala, India. Data were collected using a self-administered Patient Health Questionnaire-9. In-depth interviews were conducted among 12 students using semi-structured interview guide. Multinomial regression and thematic analyses were undertaken to examine the factors associated with depressive disorders.

Findings

About 31.7, 41.7, 17.9, 6.7 and 2.1% had no/minimal, mild, moderate, moderately severe and severe depressive disorders, respectively. Students belonging to economically weaker section (OR = 3.06; 95% CI = 1.32–7.12), having limited knowledge of local language (OR = 4.24; 95% CI = 1.00–17.95) and earning less than INR 20,000/month (OR = 2.36; 95% CI = 1.12–5.00) were more likely to report moderate to severe depressive disorders. In addition, thematic analyses of interviews found that financial hardship, disagreement between student-supervisor, compromised students' support services and an uncertain job market were the key factors affecting the mental health of students and inhibiting academic performance.

Originality/value

This study adds to the existing literature by examining the prevalence and underlying factors of depressive disorders among doctoral students in the Indian context. The results of this study can act as a guide for universities and educational regulatory bodies to address the burgeoning issue of depressive disorders among research students in India.

Details

Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education, vol. 14 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2050-7003

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