R. Kubacki, J. Sobiech, J. Kieliszek and A. Krawczyk
The assessing of the specific absorption rate (SAR) of living organisms or phantoms is difficult to realize and this paper seeks to do this. SAR much more precisely describes the…
Abstract
Purpose
The assessing of the specific absorption rate (SAR) of living organisms or phantoms is difficult to realize and this paper seeks to do this. SAR much more precisely describes the energy absorbed by biological objects than values of electric field strength (E [V/m]) or power density (S [W/m2]) measured at the point of exposition. However, for living objects the assessing of SAR is not an easy task by measuring methods or even in calculation evaluations. Numerical techniques, especially the finite‐difference time‐domain method (FDTD), offer different possibilities of calculations. The important problem with FDTD method introduced to lossy objects with complex shapes is that this method is not verified with the measuring data.
Design/methodology/approach
In this work the results of calculations and measuring data of ellipsoidal phantoms filled with specimen of electrical parameters like muscle tissue are presented. The calculations of SAR have been realized for two cases, e.g. for plane wave incident and for waveguide condition. Measurements for verifying the obtained data were done by waveguide method. The comparison of numerical (the package CONCERTO (Vector Fields Ltd)) and measurement methods were done at frequencies 900 and 1,800 MHz.
Findings
Calculations of SAR of lossy objects by FDTD method have been confirmed by measurements and analytical method of calculations. This documents that the package CONCERTO (Vector Fields Ltd) (Concerto User Guide) can be used for such calculations.
Originality/value
This paper presents the results of calculations of SAR of ellipsoidal phantoms filled with specimens of electrical parameters of equivalent muscle tissue.
Details
Keywords
Fadwa Hammouh, Sima Zein, Rula Amr, Hadeel Ghazzawi, Dina Muharib, Dalya Al Saad and Hadil Subih
The purpose of this paper aims to assess the intake of dietary selenium among Jordanian adults in Madaba Governorate.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper aims to assess the intake of dietary selenium among Jordanian adults in Madaba Governorate.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors conducted a cross-sectional study in Madaba Governorate. Convenience sampling was done at Madaba Governorate for this study. The subjects comprised 500 subjects (325 women and 175 men) aged from 18 to 60 years. A 24-h recall (24-HR) and Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) were used to estimate the selenium intake in the studied population.
Findings
Mean of dietary selenium was more than the recommended amount by at least 2.5-fold in both methods FFQ and 24-HR (p = 0.004), while no significant difference was observed in selenium consumption per day for women and men respectively using FFQ. The results indicated that selenium consumption is higher than the RDA among Madaba population. A moderate correlation was found between both methods for all subjects, women and men, respectively (p < 0.05).
Originality/value
The authors conclude that the selenium intake in Jordanian population is significantly above the RDA. However, future studies are required to correlate this high intake with health benefits and exclude toxic effects of Selenium.
Details
Keywords
Duygu Sezgin, Anne Hendry, Aaron Liew, Mark O'Donovan, Mohamed Salem, Ana María Carriazo, Luz López-Samaniego, Rafael Rodríguez-Acuña, Siobhan Kennelly, Maddalena Illario, Cristina Arnal Carda, Marco Inzitari, Teija Hammar and Rónán O'Caoimh
To identify transitional palliative care (TPC) interventions for older adults with non-malignant chronic diseases and complex conditions.
Abstract
Purpose
To identify transitional palliative care (TPC) interventions for older adults with non-malignant chronic diseases and complex conditions.
Design/methodology/approach
A systematic review of the literature was conducted. CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase and Pubmed databases were searched for studies reporting TPC interventions for older adults, published between 2002 and 2019. The Crowe Critical Appraisal Tool was used for quality appraisal.
Findings
A total of six studies were included. Outcomes related to TPC interventions were grouped into three categories: healthcare system-related outcomes (rehospitalisation, length of stay [LOS] and emergency department [ED] visits), patient-related outcomes and family/carer important outcomes. Overall, TPC interventions were associated with lower readmission rates and LOS, improved quality of life and better decision-making concerning hospice care among families. Outcomes for ED visits were unclear.
Research limitations/implications
Positive outcomes related to healthcare services (including readmissions and LOS), patients (quality of life) and families (decision-making) were reported. However, the number of studies supporting the evidence were limited.
Originality/value
Studies examining the effectiveness of existing care models to support transitions for those in need of palliative care are limited. This systematic literature review identified and appraised interventions aimed at improving transitions to palliative care in older adults with advanced non-malignant diseases or frailty.
Details
Keywords
Asiyah S.D.A. Alshammai, Rehab F.M. Ali and Raghad M. Alhomaid
This study aims to find out how pomposia fruit powder (Syzygium cumini L.) mixed with roasted coffee (RCO) affected antioxidants, phytochemicals, lipid peroxidation inhibition and…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to find out how pomposia fruit powder (Syzygium cumini L.) mixed with roasted coffee (RCO) affected antioxidants, phytochemicals, lipid peroxidation inhibition and sensory attributes.
Design/methodology/approach
Pomposia fruits (Syzygium cumini L.) powder (PFP) was integrated with RCO at levels of 0.0%, 5.0%, 10.0%, 15.0% and 20.0%. RCO, PFP and binary mixtures containing RCO: PFP were evaluated for their total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF), anthocyanin content (AC), antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds fractionation. The oxidative indices of coffee oil samples were measured throughout different storage intervals. Additionally, sensory characteristics of RCO enriched with different PFP doses were evaluated.
Findings
PFP samples exhibited the greatest TP content (1910 mg/100 g), whereas RCO samples had the lowest concentration (1090 mg/100 g). As more PFP was added, the corresponding coffee blends’ concentrations of TP, TF and AC were improved significantly. PFP possesses a radical-scavenging activity that is about 1.20 times more than RCO’s. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical-scavenging activity jumped significantly from 74.13% in control (untreated) samples to 77.64%, 78.39% and 80.15% for samples enriched with 10.0%, 15.0% and 20% PFP, respectively. Significant increases in gallic acid, hesperidine, benzoic acid, chlorogenic acid, hispertin, catechol, quercetin, pyrogallol and rutin were detected when RCO was mixed with different quantities of PFP. At the end of storage trial, the coffee oil treated with 20% PFP had AV, PV and TBA values that were about 1.70, 1.95 and 1.66 times lower, respectively, than those of the control sample that had not had PFP addition. The RCO with 5.0% PFP achieved the greatest over acceptability grades.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study was the first study to evaluate the effect of incorporating various level of pomposia fruit powder into RCO. The findings shows that adding different concentrations of pomposia fruit powder into RCO can indeed enhance the radical-scavenging activity of the coffee and potentially extend its shelf life.