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Article
Publication date: 20 September 2011

J. Irša and A.N. Galybin

The purpose of this paper is to consider reconstructions of potential 2D fields from discrete measurements. Two potential processes are addressed, steady flow and heat conduction…

210

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to consider reconstructions of potential 2D fields from discrete measurements. Two potential processes are addressed, steady flow and heat conduction. In the first case, the flow speed and streamlines are determined from the discrete data on flow directions, in the second case, the temperature and flux are recovered from temperature measurements at discrete points.

Design/methodology/approach

The method employs the Trefftz element principle and the collocation. The domain is seen as a combination of elements, where the solution is sought as a linear holomorphic function a priori satisfying the governing equations. Continuity of piecewise holomorphic functions is imposed at collocation points located on the element interfaces. These form the first group of equations. The second group of equations is formed by addressing the measured data, therefore the matrix coefficients may reflect experimental errors. In the case of fluid flow, all equations are homogeneous, therefore one normalising equation is added, which provides existence of a non‐trivial solution. The system is over‐determined; it is solved by the least squares method.

Findings

For the heat flow problem, the determination of heat flux is unique, while for the fluid flow, the determined streamlines are unique and the determination of speed contains one free multiplicative positive constant. Several examples are presented to illustrate the methods and investigate their efficiency and sensitivity to noisy data.

Research limitations/implications

The approach can be applied to other 2D potential problems.

Originality/value

The paper studies two novel formulations of the reconstruction problem for 2D potential fields. It is shown that the suggested numerical method is able to deal directly with discrete experimental data.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 21 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

Keywords

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Article
Publication date: 2 January 2018

Beata Maciejewska, Kinga Strak and Magdalena Piasecka

This paper aims to focus on flow boiling heat transfer in an asymmetrically heated minichannel. Two-dimensional inverse heat transfer problem was solved using the Trefftz and Beck…

182

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to focus on flow boiling heat transfer in an asymmetrically heated minichannel. Two-dimensional inverse heat transfer problem was solved using the Trefftz and Beck methods. The primary purpose was to find an enhanced surface that could help intensify heat transfer.

Design/methodology/approach

The experimental set-up and methodology for FC-72 boiling heat transfer in two parallel vertical rectangular minichannels with smooth or enhanced heated surfaces was presented. The heat transfer coefficient was calculated using the Trefftz and Beck methods.

Findings

The results confirm that considerable heat transfer enhancement takes place when selected enhanced heated surface is used in the minichannel flow boiling and that it depends on the type of surface enhancement. The analysis of the experimental data revealed that the values and distributions of the heat transfer coefficient obtained using the Beck and Trefftz methods were similar.

Practical/implications

Many studies have been recently devoted to flow boiling heat transfer in minichannels because of the rapid development of high-performance integrated systems generating large amounts of heat. Highly efficient small-size cooling systems for new-generation compact devices are thus in great demand.

Originality/value

The present results are original and new in the study of cooling liquid boiling in minichannels with enhanced heated surfaces that contribute to heat transfer enhancement. The paper allows the verification of state-of-the-art methods of solving the inverse problem by using empirical data from the experiment. The application of the Trefftz and Beck methods for finding a solution of the inverse heat transfer problem is promising.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 28 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

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Article
Publication date: 13 November 2017

Mubbsher Munawar Khan, Humaira Asad and Irsa Mehboob

This study aims to investigate the determinants of consumer behavior for buying halal endorsed products in an emerging Muslim market, Pakistan. The study is based on the…

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Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the determinants of consumer behavior for buying halal endorsed products in an emerging Muslim market, Pakistan. The study is based on the conceptual framework of the theory of planned behavior (TPB).

Design/methodology/approach

It was hypothesized that halal endorsement affects consumer behavior and significantly influences the consumers’ purchase intention. In addition to the main dimensions of TPB model, the study incorporates two other variables to articulate the TPB model specifically for the situation under hand. A sample of 497 respondents was chosen using convenience random sampling and categorized on the basis of age group, academic qualification, income, profession, etc. A cross-sectional study was done using self-administered questionnaires to conduct surveys and results were analyzed using techniques such as Pearson correlation, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling.

Findings

The results show that religious commitment, motivation to comply, self-identity and perceived behavioral control have a positive and significant effect on the intention to purchase halal endorsed products. The empirical evidence indicates that the individuals who consider themselves as distinct Muslims, i.e. perceive that they have a well-defined self-identity, a higher level of behavioral control, religious commitment and a strong motivation to comply with the Shariah teachings about halal buying, end up buying halal-endorsed products.

Research limitations/implications

This paper has certain limitations such as using the convenience sampling and focusing mostly on young and Muslim buyers. Future studies may overcome such shortcomings by specifically targeting more mature and elderly buyers and buyers with diverse ethnicity and religions who may have greater level of control on making purchase decision regarding religiously endorsed products.

Originality/value

This pioneering study was one of its first types being conducted in Pakistan. It highlighted important aspects for marketers about an emerging Muslim market that certain segments of consumers who show a distinct self-identity, have a greater urge to comply with Shariah teachings and maintain a greater control over decision-making end up buying halal goods.

Details

Journal of Islamic Marketing, vol. 8 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1759-0833

Keywords

Available. Open Access. Open Access
Article
Publication date: 15 February 2024

Makutla Gibson Mojapelo

The purpose of this study was to investigate a framework for the implementation of freedom of information (FOI) legislation in South Africa, against Article 19’s nine principles…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate a framework for the implementation of freedom of information (FOI) legislation in South Africa, against Article 19’s nine principles of FOI legislation.

Design/methodology/approach

This qualitative study used semi-structured interviews to collect data from six experts selected by means of the snowball sampling technique and content analysis. The study used a modified Delphi design consisting of two rounds of interviews.

Findings

The results showed that little effort is made by government officials to demonstrate commitment to the implementation of FOI legislation.

Practical implications

The passing of FOI is expected to reduce corruption, increase public participation, reduce the level of secrecy and increase transparency and openness. This is not the case as the implementation of this socioeconomic right in South Africa is faced by numerous challenges, such as a lack of political will, secrecy laws providing for the opposite of what the FOI legislation seeks to achieve, poor legislative interpretation and a lack of clear policies. The study proposes a framework aimed at addressing these challenges.

Originality/value

The study provides a framework for the implementation of FOI legislation. The framework was developed under the guidance of Article 19 principles of freedom of information legislation.

Details

Information Discovery and Delivery, vol. 53 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2398-6247

Keywords

Available. Open Access. Open Access
Article
Publication date: 28 July 2023

Makutla Mojapelo

Democratic countries all over the world are embarking on initiatives to empower citizens through public participation. One of the tools used by countries to promote public…

1320

Abstract

Purpose

Democratic countries all over the world are embarking on initiatives to empower citizens through public participation. One of the tools used by countries to promote public participation is the enactment and implementation of freedom of information (FOI) legislation, as it is the case with South Africa and Zimbabwe. Despite having legislation reaffirming the need for people’s right to know, practices in South Africa and Zimbabwe indicate the opposite. The purpose of this study is to explore FOI models in South Africa and Zimbabwe, with a view to recommend ways in which people’s right to know can be promoted.

Design/methodology/approach

This qualitative study used interviews to collect the data from 12 FOI experts in South Africa and Zimbabwe, who were selected through the snowball sampling technique. Data collected through interviews were supplemented by the data collected through document analysis.

Findings

The study concluded that the key role players need to make efforts to ensure that the right to know, which is associated with FOI, is being realised in both countries. FOI legislation, in both countries, is imprecise and needs to be revised to ensure effective implementation.

Originality/value

The study demonstrates that FOI is a necessary tool for people to be involved in decision-making in government. People’s rights to know can be achieved by successfully implementing FOI legislation.

Details

Records Management Journal, vol. 34 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0956-5698

Keywords

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Article
Publication date: 10 May 2019

Irsa Kanwal, Rab Nawaz Lodhi and Muhammad Kashif

The purpose of this study is to examine critical associations of transformational leadership, Laissez-faire leadership, transactional leadership, and authoritative leadership…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine critical associations of transformational leadership, Laissez-faire leadership, transactional leadership, and authoritative leadership styles to predict perceived workplace ostracism among frontline employees (FLEs).

Design/methodology/approach

A snow-ball sampling technique is employed to collect data from 250 FLEs working in the telecommunication sector of Pakistan. The data are collected by means of a self-reported questionnaire.

Findings

All of the hypotheses are supported by the results. The authoritative leadership, transactional leadership, and Laissez-Faire leadership styles are found to positively relate to workplace ostracism while transformational leadership style is found to negatively relate to workplace ostracism.

Practical implications

The managers working in customer service organizations in general and telecom sector in particular should offer leadership training programs to transform supervisors (i.e., in their roles as being the leaders) by re-shaping their thinking as visionary leaders of future. Furthermore, the study has implications to strengthen the communication mechanisms by seeking opinions from FLEs about the leadership styles of their supervisors. This is to ensure that leaders actually transform themselves from being a highly traditional leader to more participative and positive leaders.

Originality/value

The relationships of different leadership styles to study their impact on workplace ostracism and the context of telecommunication service sector of Pakistan are unique to this study.

Details

Management Research Review, vol. 42 no. 8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2040-8269

Keywords

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Book part
Publication date: 11 April 2012

Reidar Almås is professor of rural sociology and regional policy at Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. He founded and directed Centre for Rural…

Abstract

Reidar Almås is professor of rural sociology and regional policy at Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway. He founded and directed Centre for Rural Research 1982–2007 and is currently senior advisor at CRR. He has written the Agricultural History of Norway (2002), and has published more than 15 books on rural issues, included ‘Globalisation, Localisation and Sustainable Livelihoods’ with Geoffrey Lawrence. His current research concerns agricultural policy, climate change resilience and mitigation and power in the food chain. Currently Almås is president of the International Rural Sociological Association (IRSA).

Details

Rethinking Agricultural Policy Regimes: Food Security, Climate Change and the Future Resilience of Global Agriculture
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78052-349-1

Available. Content available
Book part
Publication date: 18 March 2004

Matthew Clarke and Sardar M.N. Islam

Abstract

Details

Economic Growth and Social Welfare: Operationalising Normative Social Choice Theory
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-0-44451-565-0

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Book part
Publication date: 3 December 2014

Patrick H. Mooney, Keiko Tanaka and Gabriele Ciciurkaite

This chapter seeks to address questions related to the convergence among alternative agrifood movements as well as the convergence between alternative and conventional practices…

Abstract

This chapter seeks to address questions related to the convergence among alternative agrifood movements as well as the convergence between alternative and conventional practices with a focus on local movements. We reconstruct the common conflation of the alternative/conventional binary into a multidimensional measure that recognizes the complex interactions of economic, political, social, and cultural elements in the construction of convention, alterity, and opposition. We also consider several forms of possible convergence: multi-organizational, multi-sectoral (among elements of the agrifood system), multidimensional (among political, economic, cultural, and social practices), and multilevel or scale (hierarchy of spatially embedded governance units). These matters are empirically examined by focusing on the rapidly growing Food Policy Council (FPC) movement in North America. We address the question of this movement’s diffusion, consider its variable linkages between state and civil society, and examine the substantive practices and framings in which the movement has been engaged. While we find that most FPC practices are probably vulnerable to conventionalization, the movement’s most valuable function may be its modular form. That form functions as an incubator of multi-organizational and multi-sectoral experimental practices in a multiplicity of local environments. Further, ties between FPCs provide a networking mechanism for transmitting information about the successes and failures of those experiments among hundreds of locales and regions. Finally, the discourse among the FPC leadership amplifies values favoring the democratization of food, and articulates beliefs in the right to food as well as notions of food citizenship and sovereignty.

Details

Alternative Agrifood Movements: Patterns of Convergence and Divergence
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78441-089-6

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Article
Publication date: 16 October 2023

Maedeh Gholamazad, Jafar Pourmahmoud, Alireza Atashi, Mehdi Farhoudi and Reza Deljavan Anvari

A stroke is a serious, life-threatening condition that occurs when the blood supply to a part of the brain is cut off. The earlier a stroke is treated, the less damage is likely…

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Abstract

Purpose

A stroke is a serious, life-threatening condition that occurs when the blood supply to a part of the brain is cut off. The earlier a stroke is treated, the less damage is likely to occur. One of the methods that can lead to faster treatment is timely and accurate prediction and diagnosis. This paper aims to compare the binary integer programming-data envelopment analysis (BIP-DEA) model and the logistic regression (LR) model for diagnosing and predicting the occurrence of stroke in Iran.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, two algorithms of the BIP-DEA and LR methods were introduced and key risk factors leading to stroke were extracted.

Findings

The study population consisted of 2,100 samples (patients) divided into six subsamples of different sizes. The classification table of each algorithm showed that the BIP-DEA model had more reliable results than the LR for the small data size. After running each algorithm, the BIP-DEA and LR algorithms identified eight and five factors as more effective risk factors and causes of stroke, respectively. Finally, predictive models using the important risk factors were proposed.

Originality/value

The main objective of this study is to provide the integrated BIP-DEA algorithm as a fast, easy and suitable tool for evaluation and prediction. In fact, the BIP-DEA algorithm can be used as an alternative tool to the LR model when the sample size is small. These algorithms can be used in various fields, including the health-care industry, to predict and prevent various diseases before the patient’s condition becomes more dangerous.

Details

Journal of Modelling in Management, vol. 19 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1746-5664

Keywords

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