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Book part
Publication date: 6 December 2018

Monique Ischi and Johannes Rath

Most research ethic review procedures refer to the principles of safety and security only as sub-criteria of other ethical principles such as the protection of human subjects in…

Abstract

Most research ethic review procedures refer to the principles of safety and security only as sub-criteria of other ethical principles such as the protection of human subjects in research, thereby ignoring the public good aspect of safety and security. In addition, Research Ethics Review Committees (RECs) are usually dominated by philosophers, ethicists, medical doctors, and lawyers with limited practical backgrounds in safety and security risk management. This gap of knowledge restricts ethics reviews in carrying out project-specific safety and security risk management and defers this responsibility to lawmakers and national legal authorities. What might be sufficient in well-regulated and well-understood environments, such as the safety of individuals during clinical research, is insufficient in managing rapidly changing and emerging risks – such as with emerging biotechnologies – as well as addressing the public good dimension of safety and security.

This chapter considers governance approaches to safety and security in research. It concludes that legal mechanisms are insufficient to cope with the complexity of and the fast progress made in emerging technologies. The chapter also addresses the role and potential of research ethics as a safety and security governance approach. It concludes that research ethics can play an important role in the governance of such risks arising from emerging technologies, for example through fundamental rights and public good considerations. However, in reality the current capacity of ethics in the safety and security governance of emerging technologies is limited. It is argued that in newly emerging areas of research currently applied legal compliance–based approaches are insufficient. Instead, inclusion of fundamental risk management knowledge and closer interactions between scientists, safety, and security experts are needed for effective risk management. Safety and Security Culture provide frameworks for such interactions and would well complement the current legal compliance–based governance approaches in research ethics.

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Ethics and Integrity in Health and Life Sciences Research
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78743-572-8

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Book part
Publication date: 21 February 2025

Kanwal Jahan and Farooq Habib

Digitalisation is a key driver of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0) to better understand the opportunities and challenges pertaining to digital transformation;…

Abstract

Digitalisation is a key driver of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0) to better understand the opportunities and challenges pertaining to digital transformation; organisations adopt different approaches to dealing with digitisation. The purpose of this chapter is to explore the impact of Industry 4.0 on the procurement process re-engineering and its role within the area of supply chain management. Additionally, the research will examine barriers and challenges involved in the digitalisation of procurement and supply chains and how to overcome them. According to the findings, digitalisation of the procurement process can have several advantages, such as supporting complex decision-making processes and administrative tasks, focusing on strategic decisions and activities, transforming procurement into a strategic interface to support organisational efficiency, effectiveness and profitability and fostering the development of new business models. Furthermore, the study highlighted various influencing factors, challenges and the role of stakeholders impacting the digitalisation of procurement functions and supply chains.

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Digital Transformation for Business Sustainability and Growth in Emerging Markets
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83549-109-6

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Book part
Publication date: 20 August 2024

Stephen Boyle, Carmen Reaiche and Mohammadreza Akbari

In our current context, constant adaptation to emerging trends is crucial. There has been much discussion about digital transformation affecting all sectors. The art and event…

Abstract

In our current context, constant adaptation to emerging trends is crucial. There has been much discussion about digital transformation affecting all sectors. The art and event sector is no different and has been directly affected by digitalization, but what influence does this movement have on the management of these events? At the event management level, digital transformation entails organizational adjustments to roles, personal competencies, management techniques and technologies, and, more importantly, leadership philosophies to develop digital inclusion initiatives to attain broader participation in the arts.

Digital transformation's integration into events takes various forms, especially in response to challenges like the pandemic. While it creates opportunities for engagement, it also poses challenges, potentially isolating community members without digital access. The digitalization of an event must be considered at all levels to connect to the participants. Evidence in this chapter is displayed through a hybrid curated and Fringe arts festival: North Australian Festival of Arts, a leading industry example exhibiting new digital transformation models in the Australian arts. We will explore key factors underlying how digital transformation must enhance the experience and access by creating an environment that is familiar to attendees but has enough originality to make the event special and digitally inclusive. This chapter concludes by suggesting key constructs of digital transformation models for event and live performances to embrace digital inclusiveness in the arts.

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Accessibility, Diversity, Equity and Inclusion in the Cultural Sector
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83753-034-2

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Book part
Publication date: 11 December 2024

Jieun Song, Minju Choi and Francisco O. Ramirez

From a world society perspective, common national educational developments are driven by global cultural models that dominated an international liberal order. These models…

Abstract

From a world society perspective, common national educational developments are driven by global cultural models that dominated an international liberal order. These models emphasized the centrality of education as an institution, both as a source of human capital and as an inherent human right. Epistemic communities and international organizations circulated these models influencing national educational policies and reforms. However, in recent decades the international liberal order has been challenged with social movements across the political spectrum questioning the value and authority of education in this order. Earlier educational mandates to be more inclusive are attacked with the rights of women, immigrants, and minorities often targeted. Confidence in knowledge grounded in education and science also gets undercut. In a more fragmented world society, educational contestations increase, reflecting surges in nationalist, populist, and traditional illiberal ideas. We reflect on the impact of these challenges on the centrality of education and propose future research directions to ascertain which educational developments are likely to continue to be globally valued and which are more apt to erode.

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Book part
Publication date: 3 December 2024

Iryna Kushnir and Nuve Yazgan

Given that this book places the interconnectedness of international sustainable development and education particularly in times of crises at the centre of attention, it is…

Abstract

Given that this book places the interconnectedness of international sustainable development and education particularly in times of crises at the centre of attention, it is impossible to disregard the nuanced nature of this crisis context. Based on a review of relevant literature, this chapter focuses on the following four main areas. First, it analyses the complex nature of the definition of the crisis, as multiple attempts to understand the phenomenon of crises and their various classifications have been consensual in recognising that crises are multidimensional and interrelated, that they are integral to the process of change and that they present a range of interconnected factors that distort the normal operation of people, organisations, their relationships, resources, etc. Second, this chapter explains the phenomenon of glocalisation in relation to crises to further detail how intertwined different crises are. When applied to the analysis of crises, the phenomenon of glocalisation is paramount in understanding how locally born crises can trigger globally reaching effects and vice versa. Third, this chapter discusses the impact of crises on international sustainable development. Finally, it is proposed in this chapter that education should be viewed as an important tool in tackling crises and, thus, easing the progress towards sustainable development internationally. This chapter provides important contextualisation regarding the evolving multidimensional and intertwined crises against the background of which the discussion in this book embarks on in its subsequent parts.

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Education and Sustainable Development in the Context of Crises: International Case Studies of Transformational Change
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83797-773-4

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Book part
Publication date: 2 December 2024

Khadija Echefaj, Abdelkabir Charkaoui and Anass Cherrafi

Aligning industrial operations with sustainable development has become a pressing need for organizations, as they recognize the mounting environmental challenges, social…

Abstract

Aligning industrial operations with sustainable development has become a pressing need for organizations, as they recognize the mounting environmental challenges, social inequalities and resources scarcity. The transformations brought by the industry 4.0 have revolutionized supply chain operations to achieve sustainability and circularity. The aim of this chapter is to explore and map the supply chain 4.0 opportunities for sustainability. An extensive literature review of theoretical and empirical studies linking the supply chain 4.0 technologies and sustainability is conducted. Descriptive and content analysis are employed to scrutinize and categorize the knowledge extracted from the literature. Then, a conceptual framework is developed to highlight the role that each technology plays in promoting sustainability and circularity in the context of supply chain. This study provides new perspectives for theoretical researches and guide decision-makers to implement sustainability-based technologies in the supply chain 4.0. Future research can investigate the opportunities of supply chain 5.0 for social sustainability and circular business model.

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Impact of Industry 4.0 on Supply Chain Sustainability
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83797-778-9

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Article
Publication date: 3 December 2018

Kanwal Jit Singh, Inderpreet Singh Ahuja and Jatinder Kapoor

This review paper reveals the literature on ultrasonic, chemical-assisted ultrasonic and rotary ultrasonic machining (USM) of glass material. The purpose of this review paper is…

347

Abstract

Purpose

This review paper reveals the literature on ultrasonic, chemical-assisted ultrasonic and rotary ultrasonic machining (USM) of glass material. The purpose of this review paper is to understand and describe the working principle, mechanism of material removal, experimental investigation, applications and influence of input parameters on machining characteristics. The literature reveals that the ultrasonic machines have been generally preferred for the glass and brittle work materials. Some other non-traditional machining processes may thermally damage the work surface. Through these USM, neither thermal effects nor residual stresses have been generated on the machined surface.

Design/methodology/approach

Various input parameters have the significant role in machine performance characteristics. For the optimization of output response, several input parameters have been critically investigated by the various researcher.

Findings

Some advance types of glasses such as polycarbonate bulletproof glass, acrylic heat-resistant glass and glass-clad polycarbonate bulletproof glass still need some further investigation because these materials have vast applications in automobile, aerospace and space industries.

Originality/value

Review paper will be beneficial for industrial application and the various young researcher. Paper reveals the detail literature review on traditional ultrasonic, chemical assisted ultrasonic and rotary USM of glass and glass composite materials.

Details

World Journal of Engineering, vol. 15 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1708-5284

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Article
Publication date: 16 April 2024

Ali Beiki Ashkezari, Mahsa Zokaee, Erfan Rabbani, Masoud Rabbani and Amir Aghsami

Pre-positioning and distributing relief items are important parts of disaster management as it simultaneously considers activities from both pre- and post-disaster stages. This…

147

Abstract

Purpose

Pre-positioning and distributing relief items are important parts of disaster management as it simultaneously considers activities from both pre- and post-disaster stages. This study aims to address this problem with a novel mathematical model.

Design/methodology/approach

In this research, a bi-objective mixed-integer linear programming model is developed to tackle pre-positioning and distributing relief items, and it is formulated as an integrated location-allocation-routing problem with uncertain parameters. The humanitarian supply chain consists of relief facilities (RFs) and demand points (DPs). Perishable and imperishable relief commodities (RCs), different types of vehicles, different transportation modes, a time window for delivering perishable commodities and the occurrence of unmet demand are considered. A scenario-based game theory is applied for purchasing RCs from different suppliers and an integrated best-worst method-technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution technique is implemented to determine the importance of DPs. The proposed model is used to solve several random test problems for verification, and to validate the model, Iran’s flood in 2019 is investigated as a case study for which useful managerial insights are provided.

Findings

Managers can effectively adjust their preferences towards response time and total cost of the network and use sensitivity analysis results in their decisions.

Originality/value

The model locates RFs, allocates DPs to RFs in the pre-disaster stage, and determines the routing of RCs from RFs to DPs in the post-disaster stage with respect to minimizing total costs and response time of the humanitarian logistics network.

Details

Journal of Modelling in Management, vol. 19 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1746-5664

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Article
Publication date: 3 April 2007

S. Rahmati, J. Akbari and E. Barati

Dimensional accuracy analysis of wax model created by room temperature vulcanization (RTV) silicone rubber molding to be used in investment casting is presented. The purpose of…

1281

Abstract

Purpose

Dimensional accuracy analysis of wax model created by room temperature vulcanization (RTV) silicone rubber molding to be used in investment casting is presented. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the effective parameters of dimensional accuracy in RTV tooling technique.

Design/methodology/approach

After producing a pattern by stereolithography (SLA) and then creating the RTV silicone rubber mold by the SLA pattern, dimensional accuracy of wax models produced by RTV tool are analyzed. Design of experiments (DOE) using the Taguchi approach is used for analysis and determination of optimum condition.

Findings

Experiments show that the dimensional accuracy in RTV technique is as accurate as in traditional molding. Hence, RTV tooling technique can be used in investment casting. Using Taguchi approach based on DOE, it was realized that the optimum condition to achieve acceptable accuracy is 35°C for mold temperature, 85°C for wax temperature, and −0.5 barG for vacuum pressure.

Practical implications

RTV silicone rubber mold is a useful alternative of metallic mold to produce wax patterns for investment casting. It has benefits such as reduction in production lead‐time and cost, compared with traditional metallic mold.

Originality/value

A case study for research of dimensional accuracy of wax patterns created by RTV silicone rubber mold had not been attempted as such. In addition to reduction in production lead‐time and cost, the dimensional accuracy of wax patterns using RTV tooling technique are as accurate as in traditional technique.

Details

Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 13 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-2546

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Article
Publication date: 14 August 2019

Abdelaziz S. Fouda, Mohamed A. Ismail, Rabab M. Abou-shahba, Walaa A. Hussein, Esraa S. El-habab and Ashraf S. Abousalem

The purpose of this paper is to investigate three Arylfuranylnicotinamidine derivatives against corrosion of carbon steel (C-steel) in 1.0 M HCl by chemical and electrochemical…

97

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate three Arylfuranylnicotinamidine derivatives against corrosion of carbon steel (C-steel) in 1.0 M HCl by chemical and electrochemical means. The inhibition efficiency (%IE) increases with increasing the dose of inhibitors. The tested compounds exhibited improved performance at elevated temperature, with %IE reaching 93 percent at 21 µM. Tafel polarization method revealed that the tested compounds act as mixed-type inhibitors. The inhibition action was rationalized due to chemical adsorption of inhibition molecules on C-steel surface following Temkin’s isotherm. Surface examination was carried out by AFM and FTIR techniques. Further, theoretical chemical approaches were used to corroborate the experimental findings.

Design/methodology/approach

Experimental and computational methods were applied to investigate the efficiency of these new compounds. These studies are complemented with spectral studies and surface morphological scan by AFM. The theoretical results indicate good correlation with experimental findings.

Findings

The tested derivatives are promising corrosion inhibitors for C-steel in the acid environment. The molecular scaffold of this class of compounds can be used to design new highly efficient inhibitors by screening its activity by modeling studies.

Originality/value

The studied compounds are safe inhibitors and greatly adsorbed on Fe surface. The action of compounds is enhanced with temperature, which means these compounds can be used in higher temperature systems. The new compounds are effective at very low concentration.

Details

Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures, vol. 15 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1573-6105

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