T‐S. Tran, G. Meunier, P. Labie, Y. Le Floch, J‐M. Guichon and J. Roudet
This paper seeks to model magneto‐harmonic solid conductors in the presence of ferromagnetic materials.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper seeks to model magneto‐harmonic solid conductors in the presence of ferromagnetic materials.
Design/methodology/approach
The approach takes the form of a coupling between the FEM and the PEEC method.
Findings
The paper shows one how to use the FEM‐PEEC coupled method to model a problem comprising solid conductors and ferromagnetic materials and compare its results with the FEM.
Research limitations/implications
The formulation allows one to treat linear material in the magneto‐harmonic assumption.
Originality/value
The two methods FE and PEEC are well‐known. The innovation here is coupling these methods in order to profit by the main advantages.
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Gerard Meunier, Quang-Anh Phan, Olivier Chadebec, Jean-Michel Guichon, Bertrand Bannwarth and Riccardo Torchio
This paper aims to study unstructured-partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) method for modelling electromagnetic regions with surface impedance condition (SIBC) is proposed…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to study unstructured-partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) method for modelling electromagnetic regions with surface impedance condition (SIBC) is proposed. Two coupled circuits representations are used for solving both electric and/or magnetic effects in thin regions discretized by a finite element surface mesh. The formulation is applied in the context of low frequency problems with volumic magnetic media and coils. Non simply connected regions are treated with fundamental branch independent loop matrices coming from the circuit representation.
Design/methodology/approach
Because of the use of Whitney face elements, two coupled circuits representations are used for solving both electric and/or magnetic effects in thin regions discretized by a finite element surface mesh. The air is not meshed.
Findings
The new surface impedance formulation enables the modeling of volume conductive regions to efficiently simulate various devices with only a surface mesh.
Research limitations/implications
The propagation effects are not taken into account in the proposed formulation.
Originality/value
The formulation is original and is efficient for modeling non simply connected conductive regions with the use of SIBC. The unstructured PEEC SIBC formulation has been validated in presence of volume magnetic nonconductive region and compared with a SIBC FEM approach. The computational effort is considerably reduced in comparison with volume approaches.
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Tung Le‐Duc, Olivier Chadebec, Jean‐Michel Guichon, Gérard Meunier and Yves Lembeey
The aim of this paper is to model time‐harmonic problems in unbounded domains with coils of complex geometry and ferromagnetic materials.
Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this paper is to model time‐harmonic problems in unbounded domains with coils of complex geometry and ferromagnetic materials.
Design/methodology/approach
The approach takes the form of a coupling between two integrals methods: the magnetic moment method (MMM) and the partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC) method. The modeling of conductor system is achieved thanks to PEEC method while the MMM method is considered for the magnetic material.
Findings
The paper shows how to use the MMM/PEEC coupled method to model a problem comprising conductors and ferromagnetic materials and compare its results with the FEM and the FEM/PEEC coupling.
Originality/value
The two methods PEEC and MMM are well‐known. The innovation here is coupling these methods in order to take advantages from both methods. Moreover, the performances of this coupling are studied in comparison with others (FEM, FEM/PEEC coupling).
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Manuele Bertoluzzo, Paolo Di Barba, Michele Forzan, Maria Evelina Mognaschi and Elisabetta Sieni
The paper aims to propose a a field-circuit method for investigating the magnetic behavior of a wireless power transfer system (WPTS) for the charge of batteries of electric…
Abstract
Purpose
The paper aims to propose a a field-circuit method for investigating the magnetic behavior of a wireless power transfer system (WPTS) for the charge of batteries of electric vehicles. In particular, a 3D model for finite element analysis (FEA) for the field simulation of a WPTS is developed. Specifically, the effects of aluminum shield and steel layer, representing the car frame, on the self and mutual inductances are investigated. An equivalent electric circuit is then built, and the relevant lumped parameters are identified by means of the FEAs.
Design/methodology/approach
The finite element model is used to evaluate self and mutual inductances in several transmitting-receiving coil configurations and relative positions. In particular, the FEA simulates the aluminum and steel layers as shell elements in a 3D domain. The self and mutual inductance values in the aligned coil case are also used as input parameters in a circuit model to evaluate the onload current.
Findings
The use of shell elements in FEA substantially reduces the number of mesh elements needed to simulate the eddy currents in the steel and aluminum layer, so putting the ground for low-cost field analysis. Moreover, the FEA gives an accurate computation of the self and mutual inductance to be used in a circuit model, which, in turn, provides a fast update of the onload induced current.
Originality/value
To save computational time, the use of 2D shell elements to model thin conductive regions introduces a simplified FEA that could be used in the WPTS simulation. Moreover, the dynamic behavior of WPTS, i.e. the operation when the receiving coil is moving with respect to the transmitting one, is considered. Because of the lumped parameters’ dependence upon the relative positions of the two coils, the proposed method allows identifying the circuit parameters for several configurations so substantially reducing the computational burden.
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Mohammad Issa, Jean-René Poirier, Ronan Perrussel, Olivier Chadebec and Victor Péron
Thin conducting sheets are used in many electric and electronic devices. Solving numerically the eddy current problems in presence of these thin conductive sheets requires a very…
Abstract
Purpose
Thin conducting sheets are used in many electric and electronic devices. Solving numerically the eddy current problems in presence of these thin conductive sheets requires a very fine mesh which leads to a large system of equations, and it becomes more problematic in case of higher frequencies. The purpose of this paper is to show the numerical pertinence of equivalent models for 3D eddy current problems with a conductive thin layer of small thickness e based on the replacement of the thin layer by its mid-surface with equivalent transmission conditions that satisfy the shielding purpose, and by using an efficient discretization using the boundary element method (BEM) to reduce the computational work.
Design/methodology/approach
These models are solved numerically using the BEM and some numerical experiments are performed to assess the accuracy of the proposed models. The results are validated by comparison with an analytical solution and a numerical solution by the commercial software Comsol.
Findings
The error between the equivalent models and analytical and numerical solutions confirms the theoretical approach. In addition to this accuracy, the computational work is reduced by considering a discretization method that requires only a surface mesh.
Originality/value
Based on a hybrid formulation, the authors present briefly a formal derivation of impedance transmission conditions for 3D thin layers in eddy current problems where non-conductive materials are considered in the interior and the exterior domain of the sheet. BEM is adopted to discretize the problem as there is no need for volume discretization.
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Yoshitsugu Otomo and Hajime Igarashi
The purpose of this study is to search for an optimal core shape that is robust against misalignment between the transmitting and receiving coils of the wireless power transfer…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to search for an optimal core shape that is robust against misalignment between the transmitting and receiving coils of the wireless power transfer (WPT) device. During the optimization process, the authors maximize the coupling coefficients while minimizing the leakage flux around the coils to ensure the safety of the WPT device.
Design/methodology/approach
In this study, a novel topology optimization method for WPT devices using the geometry projection method is proposed to optimize the magnetic core shape. This method facilitates the generation of bar-shaped magnetic cores because the material distribution is represented by a set of elementary bars.
Findings
It is shown that an optimized core shape, which is obtained through topology optimization, effectively increases the net magnetic flux interlinked with the receiving coil and outperforms the conventional core.
Originality/value
In the previous topology optimization method, the material distribution is represented by a linear combination of Gaussian functions. However, this method does not usually result in bar-shaped cores, which are widely used in WPT. In this study, the authors propose a novel topology optimization method for WPT devices using geometry projection that is used in structural optimization, such as beam and cantilever shapes.
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Manuele Bertoluzzo, Paolo Di Barba, Michele Forzan, Maria Evelina Mognaschi and Elisabetta Sieni
The paper presents the Finite Element (FE) evaluation of the magnetic field emitted by a Wireless Power Transfer Systems used to charge the battery of electrical vehicles. An…
Abstract
Purpose
The paper presents the Finite Element (FE) evaluation of the magnetic field emitted by a Wireless Power Transfer Systems used to charge the battery of electrical vehicles. An original approach for reducing the mesh size of the 3D FE model is used.
Design/methodology/approach
A minicar equipped with a circular coil is considered, while the transmitting coil is coherent with the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) standard. The different shape of the coils and a possible misalignment are considered as possible sources of emitted magnetic field, which a person could be exposed to. To this end, a FE model is implemented. Because of the complexity of the mesh, a suitable 3D model is used. This model is previously validated and then used for evaluating the magnetic field around the Wireless Power Transfer Systems (WPTS).
Findings
The magnetic flux density around the WPTS is calculated and compared with the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) limits.
Originality/value
The proposed 3D model, whose validation is shown in the paper, is able to compute the magnetic field with high accuracy despite the presence of a conductive and ferromagnetic thin structure, the steel layer related to the car frame, which would need a very fine mesh with a large number of elements to solve Maxwell equations.
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Laurent Gerbaud, Baidy Touré, Jean‐Luc Schanen and Jean‐Pierre Carayon
The frequency simulation and optimisation of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) filter is often computation time consuming. The purpose of this paper is to propose an approach…
Abstract
Purpose
The frequency simulation and optimisation of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) filter is often computation time consuming. The purpose of this paper is to propose an approach for easy and fast modelling and optimization of power electronics structures.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper proposes an approach for easy and fast modelling and optimization of power electronics structures. It focuses on the EMC filter design. To achieve this task time simulation, FFT and automatic frequency modelling are combined.
Findings
An automatic frequency modelling is proposed and also gives automatically the model gradients. Therefore, the model can be used to optimize the EMC filter, but also can help in choosing its topology. Several optimization algorithms are used and compared.
Research limitations/implications
The power electronics load is supposed to be a set of predefined harmonic sources, obtained by time simulation + FFT before the optimisation process.
Practical implications
The frequency model allows for the rapid designing and comparing of several structures or modelling hypothesis with regard to the parasitic elements and circuit imperfections.
Originality/value
The frequency model is automatically generated, and sizing criteria on the component (e.g. inductors, capacitor) can be added in an analytical form, for example, to deal with volume or mass criteria.
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Leena Lehti, Janne Keränen, Saku Suuriniemi, Timo Tarhasaari and Lauri Kettunen
The authors aim to search for a practical and accurate way to get good loss estimates for coil filaments in electrical machines, for example transformers. At the moment including…
Abstract
Purpose
The authors aim to search for a practical and accurate way to get good loss estimates for coil filaments in electrical machines, for example transformers. At the moment including loss estimations into standard finite element computations is prohibitively expensive for large coils.
Design/methodology/approach
A low-dimensional function space for finite element method (FEM) is introduced on the filament-air interface and then extended into the filament to significantly reduce the number of unknowns per filament. Careful choice of these extensions enables good loss estimate accuracy. The result is a system matrix assembly block that can be used verbatim for all filaments, further reducing the cost. Both net current and voltage per length of the filament are readily available in the problem formulation.
Findings
The loss estimates from the developed model agree well with traditional FEM and the computation times are faster.
Originality/value
To produce accurate loss estimates in large coils, the low-dimensional function space is constricted on the filament boundaries. The proposed method enables electrical engineers to compute the ohmic losses of individual conductors.
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Lesław Gołębiowski, Marek Gołębiowski and Damian Mazur
The aim of this paper is to develop the method of optimal control of the three‐phase inverter system for autonomous and power grid operation. The presented method will also allow…
Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this paper is to develop the method of optimal control of the three‐phase inverter system for autonomous and power grid operation. The presented method will also allow the cooperation of several inverters creating an autonomous network. This system should also be able to reduce demanded higher harmonics in power voltage according to the list of numbers of these harmonics. In this article the authors describe a system that is used to create a symmetrical three‐phase voltage. The supply power is taken from the renewal source. The inverter system as well as cooperation of several such systems to create an autonomous network is under consideration. The generated three‐phase voltage should be symmetrical even when the RL load is not symmetrical or else it changes in impulse. Cooperation of the system with the autonomous network is also under consideration. The task is to supply the set current of the basic harmonic to the power grid and possibly to reduce voltage higher harmonics on output terminals of the system.
Design/methodology/approach
The method of optimal control for a quadratic objective function was applied.
Findings
In the autonomous system the presented method provides a symmetrical three‐phase voltage with an unknown unsymmetrical constant or pulsed load. When operating for a power grid the system provides the desired current related to the basic harmonic of the grid voltages. In both cases the demanded higher harmonics of the grid voltages are reduced.
Originality/value
Filter of the main harmonic for the power grid voltage was applied. Applied numerical solutions and obtained simulations are also original.