Sahil Sholla and Iraq Ahmad Reshi
This paper does not concern with the “why” of ethics. Such questions are typically of interest to philosophers and are outside the scope of this work. In the next section, the…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper does not concern with the “why” of ethics. Such questions are typically of interest to philosophers and are outside the scope of this work. In the next section, the authors offer a look into “what” of ethics, i.e. various types and subtypes of ethics. Subsequently, the authors explore “how” of ethics, by summarising various computational approaches to ethical reasoning offered by researchers in the field.
Design/methodology/approach
The approaches are classified based on the application domain, ethical theory, agent type and design paradigm adopted. Moreover, promising research directions towards ethical reasoning are also presented.
Findings
Since the field is essentially interdisciplinary in nature, collaborative research from such areas as neuroscience, psychology, artificial intelligence, law and social sciences is necessary. It is hoped that this paper offers much needed insight into computational approaches for ethical reasoning paving way for researchers to further engage with the question.
Originality/value
In this paper, the authors discussed vaious computational approaches proposed by researchers to implement ethics. Although none of the approaches adequately answer the question, it is necessary to engage with the research effort to make a substantial contribution to the emerging research area. Though some effort has been made in the design of logic-based systems, they are largely in stages of infancy and merit considerable research.
Details
Keywords
Shakeel Basheer, Sandeep Walia, Danish Mehraj, Sheezan Farooq and Murtaza Ahmad Reshi
The integration of tourism, artificial intelligence (AI) and travel has ushered in a new era of exploration. This book chapter delves into their interconnectedness and their…
Abstract
The integration of tourism, artificial intelligence (AI) and travel has ushered in a new era of exploration. This book chapter delves into their interconnectedness and their transformative influence on the future of tourism. Firstly, it examines the concept of the metaverse – a virtual realm that enables immersive interactions between users and their surroundings. This virtual world presents novel opportunities for the travel sector, allowing tourists to experience destinations in captivating ways, without the constraints of physical travel. AI plays a pivotal role in the advancement of tourism, processing vast amounts of data to offer personalized recommendations, streamlining travel planning and providing round-the-clock customer service through AI-powered chatbots. Additionally, AI contributes to the development of virtual tour guides, offering tailored experiences based on travellers' interests, preferences and abilities. However, the chapter also addresses the broader implications of these technologies on the tourism industry, considering potential job displacement and economic impacts on local communities. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of utilizing these innovations in a manner that benefits both travelers and localities. In summary, this chapter provides an extensive exploration of the convergence of tourism, AI and travel, shedding light on the potential for growth and innovation in the industry while acknowledging the challenges and considerations associated with the metaverse in tourism and travel.
Details
Keywords
Alhamzah Alnoor, Gül Erkol Bayram, Chew XinYing and Syed Haider Ali Shah
This book is essential for anyone in artificial intelligence (AI) and destination management in the tourism industry or government. The book includes both theoretical and…
Abstract
This book is essential for anyone in artificial intelligence (AI) and destination management in the tourism industry or government. The book includes both theoretical and practical writings for stakeholders. In all chapters, we provide titles including AI, regenerative and green destinations, sustainable tourism, tourist motivations and expectations, good examples of smart destinations and regions, the regeneration of the tourism industry via AI, rethinking tourism activities and products, current issues in robots, self-service technology, effect of pandemic on smart destinations, sustainable gastronomy and regenerative tourism and tourism issues are discussed in the management plans of the centralisation. This book provides cases and empirical studies that deal in depth with the current situation, challenges, solutions and future strategies after technological development of tourism and increasing interest on smart destinations from a responsible perspective, for readers with an equitable interest or involvement with the organizations in inquiry.
Details
Keywords
This study aims to replace current multi-layer and coplanar wire crossing methods in QCA technology to avoid fabrication difficulties caused by them.
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to replace current multi-layer and coplanar wire crossing methods in QCA technology to avoid fabrication difficulties caused by them.
Design/methodology/approach
Quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) is one of the newly emerging nanoelectronics technology tools that is proposed as a good replacement for complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. This technology has many challenges, among them being component interconnection and signal routing. This paper will propose a new wire crossing method to enhance layout use in a single layer. The presented method depends on the central cell clock phase to enable two signals to cross over without interference. QCADesigner software is used to simulate a full adder circuit designed with the proposed wire crossing method to be used as a benchmark for further analysis of the presented wire crossing approach. QCAPro software is used for power dissipation analysis of the proposed adder.
Findings
A new cost function is presented in this paper to draw attention to the fabrication difficulties of the technology when designing QCA circuits. This function is applied to the selected benchmark circuit, and the results show good performance of the proposed method compared to others. The improvement is around 59, 33 and 75% compared to the best reported multi-layer wire crossing, coplanar wire crossing and logical crossing, respectively. The power dissipation analysis shows that the proposed method does not cause any extra power consumption in the circuit.
Originality/value
In this paper, a new approach is developed to bypass the wire crossing problem in the QCA technique.