Petros V. Perdikoulis, Ioannis K. Giannopoulos and Efstathios E. Theotokoglou
The purpose of this paper is to use numerical methods early in the airframe design process and access the structural performance of wing leading edge devices made of different…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to use numerical methods early in the airframe design process and access the structural performance of wing leading edge devices made of different materials and design details, under bird strike events.
Design/methodology/approach
Explicit finite element analysis was used to numerically model bird strike events.
Findings
Structural performance charts related to materials and general design details were drawn to explore the design space dictated by the current applicable airworthiness requirements.
Practical implications
This paper makes use of the current capability in the numerical tools available for structural simulations and exposes the existing limitations in the terms of material modelling, material properties and fracture simulation using continuum damage mechanics. Such results will always be in the need of fine-tuning with experimental testing, yet the tools can shed some light very early in the design process in a relative inexpensive manner, especially for design details down selection like materials to use, structural thicknesses and even design arrangements.
Originality/value
Bird strike simulations have been successfully used on aircraft design, mainly at the manufactured articles design validation, testing and certification. This paper presents a hypothetical early design case study of leading edge devices for appropriate material and skin thickness down selection.
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Kyriakos I. Kourousis, Anna V. Chatzi and Ioannis K. Giannopoulos
The Airbus A320 family engine fan cowl doors (FCDs) safety issue is known to the industry for almost 18 years; however, it has not been addressed adequately by the aircraft…
Abstract
Purpose
The Airbus A320 family engine fan cowl doors (FCDs) safety issue is known to the industry for almost 18 years; however, it has not been addressed adequately by the aircraft manufacturer and the various operators and regulating authorities. The purpose of this paper is to examine in a systematic way the possible operational and safety implications of a new modification on the engine FCDs.
Design/methodology/approach
An array of error-prone scenarios is presented and analysed under the prism of human factors in a non-exhaustive qualitative scenario analysis.
Findings
All examined scenarios are considered more or less probable. A number of accident prevention solutions are proposed for each of the scenario examined, in view of the acceptance and implementation of this modification by operators.
Research limitations/implications
As these scenarios are neither exhaustive nor have been tested/validated in actual aircraft maintenance practice, the further analysis is necessary. A substantial follow-up survey should take place, which should include a wider array of scenarios. This would allow obtaining the necessary data for a quantitative (statistical) analysis.
Practical implications
This case study identifies issues in relation to this modification, introduced by Airbus and the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), which may prove problematic from the point of view of safety effectiveness and disruption of operations.
Originality/value
This case study examines a long-standing aviation safety issue and the implications of a solution proposed by the aircraft manufacturer and adopted by EASA. This can be useful in increasing the awareness around these issues and highlight the importance of a human-centric and scenario-based design of engineering modifications towards minimising error in aircraft technical operations.
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Ioannis Anagnostopoulos, Emmanouil Noikokyris and George Giannopoulos
The purpose of this paper is to comparatively examine the cost and the overlooked revenue efficiency of Islamic and commercial banks in the aftermath of the crisis, operating in…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to comparatively examine the cost and the overlooked revenue efficiency of Islamic and commercial banks in the aftermath of the crisis, operating in nine MENA-based countries during the 2010-2017 financial period, where the established empirical work is relatively limited. The authors also update the research where they use recent data sets and they provide for a targeted, structured literature review pre- and post-crisis in the Gulf region.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors examine cost and revenue efficiency of 25 major Islamic banks (IBs) and 25 major conventional banks (CBs). They conduct tests on the determinants of such variables. In the first stage of the analysis, they measure efficiency by using the data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique. The analysis performs regressions where these also reveal that the bank efficiency index is influenced by various bank type-specific attributes. It also seems that tighter restrictions on bank activities are negatively associated with bank efficiency. Second stage analysis, which accounts for banking environment and bank-level characteristics, confirms these results.
Findings
Conventional banks are both more cost and revenue efficient than Islamic banks over the period under examination. The analysis also reveals that the bank efficiency index is influenced by bank-type attributes. Greater presence of fixed capital resources has positive effects on growth in both Islamic and conventional banking. The major constraints impeding Islamic banking growth include labour costs. The authors examine whether and how bank-type orientation affects the cost and revenue efficiency of conventional and Islamic banks. They find that post-crisis Islamic banks underperform their conventional counterparts on both accounts within a mixed banking system.
Research limitations/implications
This study did not include comparative data before the 2008 financial crisis. There is also a great deal of heterogeneity among Islamic banks in the samples that have been examined here and by other researchers and the constructed efficiency scores should be interpreted cautiously as divergent Islamic banks are pooled in the same samples.
Practical implications
This study identified factors that may help bank managers to improve their financial outlook by controlling revenue and cost efficiency profitability. These factors could as well help to understand how some indicators affect both cost and revenue efficiency, particularly in Islamic banking. It also seems that tighter restrictions on Islamic bank activities are negatively associated with bank efficiency. Islamic banks that directly compete with their conventional counterparts in the aftermath of the crisis are less efficient on both the cost and revenue frontiers. They are potentially hindered by the differential regulations of supervising authorities in dual banking systems.
Social implications
The authors provide recommendations regarding regulatory and other issues that are relevant to Islamic banking and further research is suggested. Findings are relevant to a variety of stakeholders (managers, policymakers and regulators). Islamic banking authorities could re-examine the benefits of partially moving to a more standardized/conventional system of banking by lifting some trading restrictions. In addition, developing and maintaining managerial skills is an indispensable instrument for the long-term endurance of any system. A related aspect is thus an effort to determine the holistic efficiency (including managerial) of Islamic banks as a guide for policymakers to improve managerial performance.
Originality/value
There is relatively limited empirical work that investigates the efficiency between Islamic and conventional banking in the aftermath of the crisis in the Gulf region despite the growing importance of this region on political and economic levels. The authors also examine the revenue efficiency measure often under-researched in the literature and particularly important for comparative studies. Overseas-owned banks have attained much higher infiltration levels in middle-eastern countries over the past decade. It has also been suggested that market penetration differences may also be related to bank efficiency concerns among countries and their financial systems as opposed to types of banks.
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Stella Kladou, Antonios A. Giannopoulos and Ioannis Assiouras
The aim of this paper is to investigate the possible options for matching country destination image with different types of tourism to explain general attributes towards specific…
Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this paper is to investigate the possible options for matching country destination image with different types of tourism to explain general attributes towards specific forms of tourism, based on previous research on country of origin effects.
Design/methodology/approach
A quantitative research design is used for the purpose of the study.
Findings
Data analysis demonstrates that the perception of the destination image in a country context varies across various types of tourism in most of the cases investigated. Moreover, the research outcomes portray a close relationship between the match of country image – tourism type and the willingness to visit a destination.
Practical implications
The study assists tourism practitioners and policy makers in gaining a better understanding of whether tourists conceive all forms of tourism in a specific country favourably, simply because they link favourable dimensions to that particular country, or whether they perceive only certain types of tourism favourably.
Originality/value
This study is among the first to empirically demonstrate the effect of match/mismatch of country destination image with the type of tourism on the willingness to visit, based on specific primary travel motives.
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Ioannis Assiouras and Rabia Bayer
This paper aims to outline the role of self-transcendent emotions (STEs) such as compassion, gratitude and elevation in the context of sustainable tourism. It proposes a research…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to outline the role of self-transcendent emotions (STEs) such as compassion, gratitude and elevation in the context of sustainable tourism. It proposes a research agenda for further investigation of these emotions as facilitators of value co-creation in sustainable tourism.
Design/methodology/approach
Drawing on the literature on the psychology of STEs, sustainable tourist behaviour and value co-creation, this paper pinpoints potential developments and challenges associated with STEs in the domain of sustainable tourism by following a service-dominant logic approach.
Findings
STEs are likely to have a profound impact on sustainable tourism leading to value co-creation and mitigating the risk of value co-destruction and value no-creation. They can facilitate value co-creation by shifting the focus of actors from their own selves towards others in the tourism ecosystem, shifting the focus from extrinsic to intrinsic motivations and increasing moral values. Moreover, STEs are expected to be contiguous and reciprocal, fostering value co-creation in sustainable tourism practices. However, extreme levels of STEs can lead to value co-destruction and value no-creation.
Originality/value
This paper highlights the role of STEs as facilitators of value co-creation in sustainable tourism, a facet that has been overlooked in the existing literature. Further investigation is necessary in different contexts such as transformative and regenerative tourism; societal or individual crises and failures and the applications of technologies such as the Metaverse and artificial intelligence.
目的
本文概述了自我超越情感 (STEs)如慈悲、感恩和升华在可持续旅游环境中的作用。它提出了进一步研究这些情感作为可持续旅游中价值共创的促进因素的研究议程。
设计方法/途径
本文借鉴了有关自我超越情感心理学、可持续旅游行为和价值共创的文献, 通过遵循服务主导(S-D)逻辑方法, 指出了自我超越情感在可持续旅游领域的潜在发展和挑战。
发现
自我超越情感很可能对可持续旅游产生深远影响, 促进价值共创, 减轻价值共毁和价值无创造的风险。它们可以通过将旅游生态系统中的行动者的关注点从自己转移到他人身上来促进价值共创; 将关注点从外在动机转移到内在动机; 增加道德价值观。此外, 自我超越情感预计会是连续和相互的, 促进可持续旅游实践中的价值共创。然而, 自我超越情感的极端水平可能导致价值共毁和价值无创造。
独创性
我们的论文突出了自我超越情感作为可持续旅游中价值共创的促进因素的作用, 这是现有文献中被忽视的一个方面。有必要在不同的背景下进行进一步研究, 如变革性和再生性旅游; 社会或个体的危机和失败; 以及元宇宙和人工智能等技术的应用。
Propósito
Este artículo explica el papel de las emociones autotrascendentes (STEs por sus siglas en inglés), tales como la compasión, la gratitud y la elevación, en el contexto del turismo sostenible. Además, propone una agenda de investigación para profundizar en el rol de estas emociones como facilitadoras de la cocreación de valor en el turismo sostenible.
Diseño/metodología/enfoque
Basándose en la literatura sobre psicología de las STEs, comportamiento turístico sostenible y cocreación de valor, este artículo señala los posibles avances y retos asociados a las STEs en el ámbito del turismo sostenible, siguiendo el enfoque de la lógica dominante del servicio (S-D).
Resultados
Es probable que las STEs tengan un profundo impacto en el turismo sostenible, lo que conducirá a la cocreación de valor y atenuara el riesgo de la codestrucción de valor y la no creación de valor. Las STEs pueden facilitar la cocreación de valor desplazando la atención de los agentes desde su propio yo hacia los demás en el ecosistema turístico; desplazando la atención de las motivaciones extrínsecas a las intrínsecas; y aumentando los valores morales. Adicionalmente, se espera que las STEs sean contiguas y recíprocas, fomentando la cocreación de valor en las prácticas de turismo sostenible. Sin embargo, unos niveles extremos de STEs pueden conducir a la codestrucción de valor y a la no creación de valor.
Originalidad
Nuestro artículo destaca el rol de las STEs como facilitadoras de la cocreación de valor en el turismo sostenible, una faceta que no ha sido explorada en la literatura existente. Es necesario seguir investigando en diferentes contextos como el turismo transformativo y regenerativo; las crisis y los fracasos sociales o individuales; y las aplicaciones de tecnologías como el Metaverso y la inteligencia artificial.