Hassan S. Emira, Alia A. Shakour, Sayed S. Abd El Rehim, Inas A. Saleh and Mohammed A. El‐Hashemy
The purpose of this paper is to report the use of zinc phosphate pigment as a chromate substitute for coatings on non‐ferrous metals (galvanized steel, pure aluminum, α‐brass and…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to report the use of zinc phosphate pigment as a chromate substitute for coatings on non‐ferrous metals (galvanized steel, pure aluminum, α‐brass and pure copper).
Design/methodology/approach
Paint systems based on zinc chromate and zinc phosphate pigments were prepared. The paints were tested for their physico‐mechanical properties. Testing of the anticorrosive properties of the zinc phosphate pigment in comparison with zinc chromate pigment was carried out by accelerated corrosion exposure, i.e. immersion in 3.5 percent salt solution and exposure for one year at five outdoor stations.
Findings
The possibility of replacing chromate pigment was assessed and the “gap“ observable between the performance of zinc chromate and zinc phosphate pigments was noted.
Originality/value
The non‐toxic inhibitive pigment, zinc phosphate, incorporated into a plasticized‐chlorinated rubber binder, could be applied successfully for the protection of non‐ferrous substrates.
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Hassan S. Emira, Alia A. Shakour, Sayed S. Abd El Rehim, Inas A. Saleh and Mohammed A. El‐Hashemy
The paper aims to evaluate the anti‐corrosion performance of inorganic pigments included in paint systems based on plasticized‐chlorinated rubber for carbon steel in different…
Abstract
Purpose
The paper aims to evaluate the anti‐corrosion performance of inorganic pigments included in paint systems based on plasticized‐chlorinated rubber for carbon steel in different environmental conditions.
Design/methodology/approach
Paint systems based on chlorinated rubber and inorganic pigments such as zinc chromate, zinc phosphate, red iron oxide and treated iron industry waste powder were prepared. Immersion in 3.5 percent salt solution, as well as outdoor exposure tests, were performed and the paint physico‐mechanical properties were tested to evaluate the paints' anti corrosive performance.
Findings
The concentration and the type of pigments included in the prepared paint systems control their anticorrosive performance.
Originality/value
The paper demonstrates how pigment consisting of treated iron industry waste powder could be used in anticorrosion paints for carbon steel.
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Inas Saleh Said and Vijay Vyas
The objective of this study is to understand how Arab entrepreneurs in Israel redress the disadvantage of the intersectionality of place and race by setting up their businesses in…
Abstract
Purpose
The objective of this study is to understand how Arab entrepreneurs in Israel redress the disadvantage of the intersectionality of place and race by setting up their businesses in markets beyond their ethnic enclaves as well as by pursuing opportunity entrepreneurship and the role human values play in this process.
Design/methodology/approach
Using the portrait value questionnaire, a survey of Arab entrepreneurs in Israel was conducted. Multiple linear regressions were run to generate the findings.
Findings
The authors find that educated and non-conforming Arab men in Israel, driven by stimulation and universalism, successfully neutralise the intersectional disadvantage of place and race through entrepreneurship.
Research limitations/implications
Care is advised in the generalisation of findings of this research to other intersectional communities as they emerge from the unique context of Arab entrepreneurs in Israel.
Practical implications
Education, stimulation and universalism facilitate entrepreneurial success beyond Arab ethnic enclaves whereas conformity suppresses it.
Social implications
With the right attributes and values, marginalised individuals can emerge from the disadvantage of the intersectionality of place and race.
Originality/value
The study advances the intersectionality discourse from “what it is” and “what it does” to “what can be done about it”. It identifies the attributes and values that help Arab entrepreneurs in Israel to remedy their intersectional disadvantage.
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Inas Mohammed Saadeh and Taghrid Saleh Suifan
This study aims to examine the effect of job stress on perceived organizational support (POS) and organizational commitment in hospitals in Amman, Jordan. It also investigated the…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to examine the effect of job stress on perceived organizational support (POS) and organizational commitment in hospitals in Amman, Jordan. It also investigated the mediating role of POS on the relationship between job stress and organizational commitment.
Design/methodology/approach
The study used a cross-sectional, quantitative survey design to collect data from 500 employees in six hospitals in Amman, Jordan. An Arabic version of a reliable and valid measurement instrument was used. A convenience sample was selected from employees in the targeted hospitals. Mediating effect was tested using the approach proposed by Baron and Kenny (1986). Validity and reliability tests were applied, and regression analyses were used to test the study hypotheses.
Findings
The results revealed a significant negative effect of job stress on POS and organizational commitment. The results also indicated full negative mediating effect of POS on the relationship between job stress and organizational commitment.
Practical implications
This research promotes hospitals to implement strategies that reduce employees’ job stress, increase levels of POS among employees working at hospitals, which, in turn, will enhance employees’ commitment to their hospitals.
Originality/value
This study is one of the first to investigate the proposed effects in Jordan in particular, and the Middle East in general. In addition, it contributes to the literature by examining the mediating effect of POS on the relationship between job stress and organizational commitment. Recommendations are provided to practitioners in hospitals based on the study results.
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Inas Zaki Hadi Al-Araji, Meenaloshini A/P Satgunam, Abreeza Noorlina Bt Abd Manap, Kadhim K. Resan and Ahmed K. Muhammad
The purpose of this study was to fabricate a flexible inner socket with enhanced stiffness and hardness distribution by using the functional gradient method (FGM). The FGM…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to fabricate a flexible inner socket with enhanced stiffness and hardness distribution by using the functional gradient method (FGM). The FGM technique can improve the comfort and flexibility of amputees through the use of a socket that is built via the direct method.
Design/methodology/approach
Six flexible inner socket samples were fabricated with varying weight fractions of rice husk ash-to-silicone rubber. The tensile strength and hardness of each sample were assessed. Then, numerical analyses were conducted using SOLIDWORKS software to evaluate the pressure distribution on the inner and outer layers of the flexible socket.
Findings
The hardness and stiffness of the fabricated flexible inner socket gradually increased with the weight ratio of rice husk ash-to-silicone rubber, so when it was in contact with the skin, it approximated the stiffness and hardness of the skin to ensure comfort, and when reaching a higher value in the socket contact layer, it prevented penetration through the flexible inner socket. In addition, the pressure distribution at the external layer of the flexible inner socket has improved.
Research limitations/implications
A budget of US$500 limited the research to create a flexible inner socket that keeps the socket from penetrating the skin.
Practical implications
The FGM technique created a flexible inner socket that balances hardness and stiffness to ensure comfort and prevent wounds for its users, lower limb amputees. The commercial value resides in the accessibility of a secure and comfortable flexible inner socket for amputees worldwide, enabling them to overcome the issue of excessive stiffness typically associated with sockets made using the direct method.
Originality/value
This study introduces the use of FGM to fabricate a flexible inner prosthetic socket with enhanced stiffness and hardness distribution. The approach of using varying weight fractions of rice husk ash-to-silicone rubber to improve the comfort and flexibility of prosthetic sockets is a novel contribution to the field. Given the high stiffness of flexible internal sockets and their ability to maintain flexibility in the part in contact with the skin, such sockets manufactured using this method prevent pain and skin ulcers that previously occurred when sockets are manufactured via the direct method.
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Saleh Abdel-Fattah, Eman El-Khatib, Abdel Aziz Kantouch and Inas El-Zawawi
Wool is a suitable medium for growing bacteria and fungi under favorable temperature and humidity conditions resulting in wool degradation and skin irritation or infections…
Abstract
Wool is a suitable medium for growing bacteria and fungi under favorable temperature and humidity conditions resulting in wool degradation and skin irritation or infections. Several investigations have been applied to impart antimicrobial finish of wool fabrics based on organic chemicals, but they are not environmental friendly. The present investigation aims to study the influence of treatment with metal ions of silver nitrate, cadmium chloride and copper sulphate penta hydrate as well as silver nanoparticles, by nanolayer condensation, on wool fabrics pretreated with phosphoric acid, for improvement of its properties. Wool treated with the aforementioned methods showed antimicrobial activity, UV-protection properties and improvement in conductivity. Changes in surface morphologies were also observed.
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Youths are known as a challenging group to be engaged in environmental programs due to their fickle characteristic. This study would like to offer Global South and developing…
Abstract
Purpose
Youths are known as a challenging group to be engaged in environmental programs due to their fickle characteristic. This study would like to offer Global South and developing countries' perspectives by using Indonesia as a case study. This study gives a lesson about the top-down approach in Indonesia's proenvironmental program and its trajectories toward youth participation.
Design/methodology/approach
Using a case study approach, this article tries to deeply understand the issues happening in Indonesia, particularly among the young people living in several cities in Indonesia. The author was helped by the first participant, a student with experience with air pollution campaigns. Using snowball approach, the authors was helped by the first participant to contact with her friends from different cities to join as the participant in this research. To obtain their dynamic perspectives, the researcher conducted three focus group discussions via Zoom, each with a duration of 1.5–2 h. The researcher asked for their written permission to be participants through WhatsApp text and then verbally via Zoom video call. This research was done during the lockdown status of COVID-19 pandemic; thus, it was advised to do every research activity online. Based on their experience, the participants were divided into three groups: volunteers, influencers and university students aged 18–21. These Focus Group Discussion (FGD) results were transcribed and coded into behavior, peer support and knowledge by the author.
Findings
This study found that youths in Indonesia are concerned about the community's perspective on the environment; thus, their behavior will mirror others as part of a collectivist society. Parents, friends and the community are their role models when practicing proenvironmental behavior. Next, environmental education should be embedded in school curricula and religious centers. In addition, they should apply an open and democratic approach to reach youths' participation effectively. Programs and curricula with a top-down approach should be avoided to maintain sustainable actions. Last, there is an urgent need to develop citizens' literacy about environmental issues because it will highly influence young generations.
Research limitations/implications
There should be more discussion on developing environmental knowledge for citizens at large. First, the next research should focus on the curricula development in formal and nonformal organisations, focusing on youths' voices during the process. In a proenvironmental program, honoring and prioritizing youth voices is central to youth work. Second, there should be further research on using a democratic approach for building conversation and discussion on environmental issues rather than a top-down approach. Further, researchers must focus on Indonesians' literacy in general, especially older and mature citizens, since their perspective will affect youths' behavior in the long term. These positive attitudes cannot be perceived and sustained if the community comments negatively toward proenvironmental behavior. Last, there is a lack of exploration to the influencers group to show their differences with other groups. Other researchers could further explore this in the future.
Practical implications
Multiple approaches must be used continuously to ask and seek youths' opinions, listen to what youths want and then prioritize them in the program. Rather than using programmatic design and delivery to shape social attitudes and behavior, campaigners should discuss with youths and influencers on creating their campaigns rather than maintain the program's sustainability. Environmental campaign messages should integrate with creative storytelling to build engagement with young people. By implementing this, youths could share their expressions using photography, narration, music, etc.
Originality/value
Indonesia becomes a significant case study for this research due to its political and cultural system. Indonesia is known as a paternalistic and corporatist country where the practice of citizenship is challenged by the issue of power dynamics and imbalance. Therefore, a top-down communication is a common practice to create a quick-fix solution to foster productivity. Further, Indonesia has an environmental problem which made it vital for climate study. Globally, Indonesia ranks third in greenhouse gas emission after China and India. Recently, its capital city, Jakarta, is ranked as the worst-polluted city in the world.
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The authors decided to study the impact of stress on performance in hospitals because long hours are common and high levels of performance are required at all times. Medical…
Abstract
Purpose
The authors decided to study the impact of stress on performance in hospitals because long hours are common and high levels of performance are required at all times. Medical errors may cost lives and swift responses to patient needs are demanded. With so much pressure, it’s not surprising that stress in hospitals is a common complaint from staff
Design/methodology/approach
To test their four hypotheses, the authors contacted all five public hospitals and the 41 private hospitals in Amman. Two public and four private agreed to participate. The end result was that 500 questionnaires were usable in the study. The respondents all completed the questionnaire, which contained 30 items – 13 to measure job stress, 11 to measure POS, and six to measure organizational commitment.
Findings
The study of 500 hospital workers in six hospitals in Amman, Jordan, revealed a significant negative effect of job stress on both perceived organizational support (POS) and organizational commitment. The results also highlighted the significant full negative mediating effect of POS on the relationship between job stress and organizational commitment.
Originality/value
Based on the results of the research, they advise hospital management to focus on their human capital and ensure their leadership styles inspired high levels of organizational commitment. The results indicate that one way to inspire devotion and increase commitment is to manage stress levels. The research also reveals the positive impact of minimizing stress on POS.
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Natalia Vershinina, Renaud Redien-Collot, Séverine Le Loarne Lemaire, Haya Al-Dajani, Maria Villares Varela and Paul Lassalle
Gamal Abdualmajed Ali, Haim Hilman and Abdullahi Hassan Gorondutse
This study aims to examine the joint effect of entrepreneurial orientation (EO), market orientation (MO), total quality management (TQM) and organisational performance in the…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to examine the joint effect of entrepreneurial orientation (EO), market orientation (MO), total quality management (TQM) and organisational performance in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s (KSA's) small and medium enterprise (SME) sector.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper used a quantitative research design. A total of 393 questionnaires were distributed to and collected from owners/managers of SMEs in KSA to acquire requisite data for examining the hypothesised model of the study. Partial least squares structural equation modelling was used to analyse the research data.
Findings
The results indicate that EO, MO and TQM are positively and significantly related to the organisational performance of SMEs. In addition, the findings reveal that TQM has contributed the most to the enhancement of organisational development, which is followed by EO and finally, MO.
Practical implications
Developing economies consider SMEs as an approach to generate new jobs and enhance economic growth. The results provide owners/managers, practitioners and academicians with an enhanced understanding of the relationship and effects of EO, MO and TQM on organisational performance, particularly in the SME sector. Thus, owners/managers are guided to develop improved and further effective decisions for the implementation of TQM practices with strong EO and MO. Consequently, firms realise superior performance and continuously compete within their market.
Originality/value
From the perspective of developing countries, this study contributes to the existing literature by providing empirical evidence regarding the effects of EO, MO, TQM and SMEs' performance. This study is the first to empirically examine the SME sector within the KSA's economy regarding the new orientation among decision makers in terms of increasing the significance of non-oil activities. This study also confirms the usability of resource-based view theory and strategic orientations variables in the KSA SMEs.