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Article
Publication date: 12 July 2011

Inés P. Murillo

The main objective of this paper is to analyse the link between human capital depreciation and the educational level of Spanish salaried workers.

1022

Abstract

Purpose

The main objective of this paper is to analyse the link between human capital depreciation and the educational level of Spanish salaried workers.

Design/methodology/approach

Wage equations are estimated by sector and occupation, following the empirical framework proposed by Neuman and Weiss. Data in this study refer to the Spanish labour market, using two cross‐sectional employee‐firm matched data.

Findings

The estimates provided in this paper suggest that human capital depreciation rates are not homogeneous for the whole sample; in contrast, they vary across educational levels, being greater as the workers' school attainment increases.

Research limitations/implications

The main restriction of the paper is the limited availability of quality longitudinal data to estimate human capital depreciation.

Practical implications

Knowledge acquired by workers may quickly become obsolete in a context of technological change. Thus, the paper's main findings support the need for ongoing training programs to update workers' skills to changing market requirements.

Originality/value

The added value of this paper is two‐fold. On the one hand, returns to education and human capital depreciation for the Spanish labour force are estimated using a pseudo‐panel created from two cross‐sectional data bases. On the other hand, earnings equations are estimated by sector and occupation in order to calculate human capital depreciation rates; this procedure allows the authors to take into account the worker's occupation and their level of education as well as technological differences associated with their job.

Details

International Journal of Manpower, vol. 32 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0143-7720

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Book part
Publication date: 31 January 2022

Georgeta Ion, Cecilia-Inés Suárez and Anna Díaz-Vicario

Educational change and innovation have been a clear priority in educational systems across Europe in recent years. In this chapter, we reflect on the role played by educational…

Abstract

Educational change and innovation have been a clear priority in educational systems across Europe in recent years. In this chapter, we reflect on the role played by educational evidence in shaping school practices in the Catalan context. Situated at a crossroads between social cohesion and strong regulations, Catalan schools are navigating a hybrid system marked by increasing autonomy and the educational tradition with an increased interest in accountability and quality assessment through rigid standards and designs.

Despite the Catalan administration's recent promotion of several initiatives to engage schools and teachers with the use of evidence, this process is still irregular and fundamentally depends on decisions made by the school or teachers' commitment.

The factors shaping the teachers' engagement with evidence cover a wide spectrum: from teachers' and educational leaders' conception of the nature of evidence, to given teachers' willingness to use evidence and whether school environments are favourable (or not) to the use of evidence. Acknowledging these factors allows us to specify the direction of action at the system, organisational and class levels. At the system level, promoting a vision of practice based on evidence requires coherent and responsible actions among all actors. At the organisational level, the development of the capacity to use evidence requires leadership that is sensitive to research and favours a positive organisational culture. At the classroom level, teachers' motivation, individual orientation towards the use of evidences, research conception and the capacity to use it, are the key factors.

Details

The Emerald Handbook of Evidence-Informed Practice in Education
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-80043-141-6

Keywords

Available. Open Access. Open Access
Article
Publication date: 19 September 2023

Sharmina Afrin and Md. Mominur Rahman

The purpose of the paper is to investigate the association between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and investment efficiency (INE) in Bangladeshi pharmaceutical companies…

1641

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of the paper is to investigate the association between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and investment efficiency (INE) in Bangladeshi pharmaceutical companies and to explore the moderating role of corporate reputation in this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper employs a two-step method, with stage 1 involving the development of a theoretical model using the literature's strategic framework and stage 2 using structural equation modelling (SEM) to investigate the relationships between variables. The data set used in the analysis includes 296 responses from senior executives/managers and subordinates at Bangladeshi pharmaceutical firms.

Findings

The study finds that CSR activities that focus on customers, employees and the community significantly affect INE, as well as the extended stakeholders, and that company reputation moderates this relationship. The effect of CSR on INE differs between well-established companies and business firms with favourable reputations.

Practical implications

The paper contributes to understanding the relationship between CSR and INE in a developing country context and highlights the importance of corporate reputation in this relationship. The findings suggest that companies can enhance their INE through CSR initiatives and that a positive reputation can strengthen this relationship further.

Originality/value

The study adds to the limited literature on CSR and INE in developing countries and provides new insights into the moderating role of corporate reputation in this relationship.

Details

PSU Research Review, vol. 8 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2399-1747

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Article
Publication date: 1 April 1989

Emilio Becheri

Thermal Tour As had been identified in the Second Report on Italian Tourism (1), the market for “thermal tourism” has developed its trends with further characterizations and…

403

Abstract

Thermal Tour As had been identified in the Second Report on Italian Tourism (1), the market for “thermal tourism” has developed its trends with further characterizations and differentiations:

Details

The Tourist Review, vol. 44 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0251-3102

Available. Open Access. Open Access
Article
Publication date: 14 May 2024

Fernando Núñez Hernández, Carlos Usabiaga and Pablo Álvarez de Toledo

The purpose of this study is to analyse the gender wage gap (GWG) in Spain adopting a labour market segmentation approach. Once we obtain the different labour segments (or…

896

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to analyse the gender wage gap (GWG) in Spain adopting a labour market segmentation approach. Once we obtain the different labour segments (or idiosyncratic labour markets), we are able to decompose the GWG into its observed and unobserved heterogeneity components.

Design/methodology/approach

We use the data from the Continuous Sample of Working Lives for the year 2021 (matched employer–employee [EE] data). Contingency tables and clustering techniques are applied to employment data to identify idiosyncratic labour markets where men and/or women of different ages tend to match/associate with different sectors of activity and occupation groups. Once this “heatmap” of labour associations is known, we can analyse its hottest areas (the idiosyncratic labour markets) from the perspective of wage discrimination by gender (Oaxaca-Blinder model).

Findings

In Spain, in general, men are paid more than women, and this is not always justified by their respective attributes. Among our results, the fact stands out that women tend to move to those idiosyncratic markets (biclusters) where the GWG (in favour of men) is smaller.

Research limitations/implications

It has not been possible to obtain remuneration data by job-placement, but an annual EE relationship is used. Future research should attempt to analyse the GWG across the wage distribution in the different idiosyncratic markets.

Practical implications

Our combination of methodologies can be adapted to other economies and variables and provides detailed information on the labour-matching process and gender wage discrimination in segmented labour markets.

Social implications

Our contribution is very important for labour market policies, trying to reduce unfair inequalities.

Originality/value

The study of the GWG from a novel labour segmentation perspective can be interesting for other researchers, institutions and policy makers.

Details

International Journal of Manpower, vol. 45 no. 10
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0143-7720

Keywords

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Publication date: 23 September 2024

Luisito C. Abueg and Iris L. Acejo

As the Philippines enters into the era of the “next normal,” that is, from the pandemic era called the “new normal,” we look into how the Philippines' state of tourism and built…

Abstract

As the Philippines enters into the era of the “next normal,” that is, from the pandemic era called the “new normal,” we look into how the Philippines' state of tourism and built environment sectors. We also revisit its situation having the “longest lockdown in the world” and look into iterations of socioeconomic models, business platforms, and other elements that lead to the dream of a postpandemic sustainable tourism industry. In this inquiry, we highlight the importance of elements of the built environment, both at the macroeconomic level and at the micro units of business, civil society, and the tourism sector at large. While there has been a substantive discussion on the nexus of the tourism and built environment sectors, little has been devoted to the challenges these intertwined sectors faced during the COVID-19 pandemic. We suggest complementation of practices from the macroscale to the microlevel tourism and built environment sectors, and vice-versa, which will ensure the full complementation of the sectors. These proposals are in full contextualization of the objective toward the postpandemic continued recovery, growth, and sustainability, from the local, national, and the regional economy of Southeast Asia, and also to various parts of the world.

Details

Revisiting Sustainable Tourism in the Philippines
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-83753-679-5

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Article
Publication date: 17 September 2019

Xisco Oliver and Maria Sard

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the wage gap between temporary and permanent workers across the whole wage distribution, not just at the mean, and the evolution before and…

306

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the wage gap between temporary and permanent workers across the whole wage distribution, not just at the mean, and the evolution before and after the Great Recession on this gap in Spain.

Design/methodology/approach

An extended Mincer-type wage equation is estimated using ordinary least square regression and unconditional quantile regression. Then, the decomposition of the wage gap between workers with fixed-term and permanent contracts for each quantile is made using the Fortin, Lemieux and Firpo decomposition.

Findings

The results show that two workers, with identical characteristics, earn different salaries if they have a different type of contract. However, the wage gap is not constant across the wage distribution. The penalty for temporary workers is wider for higher wages. Moreover, the main part of the gap is due to observed characteristics, but other factors (unobserved characteristics and discrimination) become more relevant in the upper part of the wage distribution.

Originality/value

The study expands upon available studies for Spain in two points. First, it is the first paper to the knowledge that analyse both the wage gap between temporary and permanent workers across the wage distribution and its decomposition. Second, the paper explores what happened before and after the Great Recession. In the years that the paper analyses there is also a labour market reform.

Details

International Journal of Manpower, vol. 40 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0143-7720

Keywords

Available. Open Access. Open Access
Article
Publication date: 18 May 2023

Alba Viana-Lora and Marta Nel-lo-Andreu

This paper aims to analyse Barcelona City Council's tourism policy documents to detect how, through the influence of research, different pathways are produced to achieve social…

36821

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to analyse Barcelona City Council's tourism policy documents to detect how, through the influence of research, different pathways are produced to achieve social impact.

Design/methodology/approach

Using the case study approach, a qualitative content analysis is applied to review 31 tourism policy documents of Barcelona City Council.

Findings

The results show that the influence of tourism research on Barcelona City Council's policy documents occurs through the following pathways that drive potential social impact: the development of shared research programmes, joint projects, the creation of information exchange platforms, support for academia, the creation of debates, the founding of institutes, the referencing of scientific articles and studies commissioned directly by the City Council from higher education bodies for implementation in the city.

Originality/value

The originality of this paper is to highlight the social relevance of research and to contribute to raising awareness among researchers. The social impact of research is an under-explored topic in the field of tourism. Moreover, there is little research that conducts this analysis through policy documents.

Details

International Journal of Tourism Cities, vol. 9 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2056-5607

Keywords

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Article
Publication date: 2 November 2021

Olga García-Luque, Matilde Lafuente-Lechuga and Úrsula Faura-Martínez

Regional disparities in social risk levels threaten social cohesion in Spain, which cannot be justified by the territorial differences in social spending per capita. These…

126

Abstract

Purpose

Regional disparities in social risk levels threaten social cohesion in Spain, which cannot be justified by the territorial differences in social spending per capita. These divergences may encourage and spread nationalist positions and populist discourses. The objective of this paper is to examine the efficiency of social policies (health, education and social protection) aimed at reducing the risk of exclusion across Spanish autonomous communities.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use data envelopment analysis (DEA) to compare each autonomous community. The analysis will determine whether the autonomies' resources (inputs or social spending in this case) are appropriately translated into goods and/or services (outputs or social cohesion), and which regions are more efficient in doing so.

Findings

This work contributes to sustaining DEA analysis in the study of social policy efficiency, as it reveals the regions that have better adjustments between social investment and social results from a global perspective, as well as from the different intervention areas. The authors also provide a ranking of regions based on their relative efficiency, estimating a possible margin of improvement in the results.

Originality/value

It is unusual to include the disaggregated analysis of social spending in efficiency studies using DEA at regional level. Therefore, this is an innovative analysis compared to most extended models that are mainly concerned with health or education expenditure, which are also considered in this study.

Details

International Journal of Social Economics, vol. 49 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0306-8293

Keywords

Available. Open Access. Open Access
Article
Publication date: 8 July 2024

Francisco Jose Callado Muñoz and Natalia Utrero-González

This paper aims to analyse gender wage gaps by university majors along the entire wage distribution in Spain before and after the 2008 financial crisis.

427

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to analyse gender wage gaps by university majors along the entire wage distribution in Spain before and after the 2008 financial crisis.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors perform unconditional quantile regressions to estimate the gender wage gap and use the Oaxaca–Blinder approach to decompose the gender gap.

Findings

The observed gender gap among graduates hides significant differences across various fields of study, and both the gap and its unexplained part are highly dependent on the position in the distribution. Engineering and Experimental sciences are the fields with the highest wage differences, and the gap size worsens with the crisis. Health and Humanities, the majors with the highest women presence, show a higher proportion of unexplained part at the bottom tail of the wage distribution, especially after the crisis, suggesting that discrimination against low-paid women has aggravated in these majors.

Originality/value

The paper adds to the existing knowledge by analysing the role that educational decisions play in shaping the wage gap, the variability of the gap along the wage distribution and its response to a change in macroeconomic conditions.

Details

Applied Economic Analysis, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2632-7627

Keywords

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