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Article
Publication date: 1 April 1974

D.G. Lethbridge and I.G. Tylee

Selling goods overseas is more risky than selling goods in the home market.

192

Abstract

Selling goods overseas is more risky than selling goods in the home market.

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Management Decision, vol. 12 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0025-1747

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Article
Publication date: 1 January 1983

Nigel Piercy

Examines attitudes to the marketing management of exports. Analyses the results of a survey of export marketing policies in medium‐sized manufacturing companies in the North of…

291

Abstract

Examines attitudes to the marketing management of exports. Analyses the results of a survey of export marketing policies in medium‐sized manufacturing companies in the North of England. Stresses the importance of having a structured export policy as part of an overall business plan. Discusses various methods of capturing market data on exports, including Government statistics and trade association reports. Identifies key areas of a coherent export marketing plan – market factors, volume factors, company factors and marketing factors. Examines the differences in characteristics and policies adapted by active and reactive exporters. Outlines the merits of a variety of export pricing and invoicing methods. Concludes that companies must adapt export strategies and theories to suit their own individual needs, rather than accept an industry‐wide export programme.

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European Journal of Marketing, vol. 17 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0309-0566

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Article
Publication date: 1 August 1975

A. Chrysandreas

AIRPORTS are large and complicated establishments where efficient operation and security are mandatory requirements. These qualities can only be obtained by the careful study of…

209

Abstract

AIRPORTS are large and complicated establishments where efficient operation and security are mandatory requirements. These qualities can only be obtained by the careful study of all those electrical, electronic and mechanical systems that are supporting the operation of an airport.

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Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology, vol. 47 no. 8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0002-2667

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Book part
Publication date: 21 November 2016

John D. Salamone and Mercè Correa

Classical definitions of motivation typically involve two main components: direction and activation. Motivated behavior is directed toward or away from particular stimuli (i.e.…

Abstract

Classical definitions of motivation typically involve two main components: direction and activation. Motivated behavior is directed toward or away from particular stimuli (i.e., appetitive and aversive motivation). Furthermore, activational aspects of motivation refer to the observation that motivated behavior is characterized by substantial activity, vigor, persistence, and exertion of effort in both the initiation and maintenance of behavior. Although separate neural systems direct organisms toward distinct motivational stimuli (e.g., food, water, sex), there appears to be a common circuitry regulating behavioral activation and the exertion of effort. Mesolimbic dopamine is one of the brain systems mediating activational aspects of motivation and exertion of effort. This system integrates aspects of motivation and motor control functions involved in the instigation of action. Research on the neurobiology of effort has contributed to our understanding of the pathophysiology of neurological and psychiatric disorders that are characterized by motivational dysfunction.

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Recent Developments in Neuroscience Research on Human Motivation
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78635-474-7

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Article
Publication date: 26 September 2023

Philip Tin Yun Lee, Aki Pui Yi Hui, Richard Wing Cheung Lui and Michael Chau

This paper aims to examine why retail firms seldom achieve full integration of online and offline channels as prescribed in omni-channel literature. It examines the intermediate…

339

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to examine why retail firms seldom achieve full integration of online and offline channels as prescribed in omni-channel literature. It examines the intermediate process of channel integration from an internal, operational perspective.

Design/methodology/approach

This study is composed of two parts. In the first part, the authors interviewed informants from nine firms that were engaged in channel integration. In the second part, the authors conducted case studies with three firms from the cosmetics and skincare industry against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic to find evidence to support or negate the propositions made in the first part.

Findings

The first part identified six operational challenges to channel integration. The authors categorized these challenges into two groups: inter-channel communication and inter-channel competition. Inter-channel competition carries more weight at the latter stage of integration. The authors also identified two antecedents that affect the seriousness of these challenges: heterogeneity among channels in business operation and external competitive pressure. In the second part, the authors found that both inter-channel communication and inter-channel competition were improved because of the external competitive pressure exerted by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the heterogeneity of offline channels against online channels in business operation is a double-edged sword.

Originality/value

The study identifies the changing effects of the challenges of channel integration and their antecedents in the midst of integration. The positive influence of a specific dimension of channel heterogeneity against other channels increases and then decreases along channel integration. The identification of the changing effects lays the foundation for a finer stage model of channel integration.

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Book part
Publication date: 20 March 2018

Brian Parsons

Abstract

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The Evolution of the British Funeral Industry in the 20th Century: From Undertaker to Funeral Director
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78743-630-5

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Book part
Publication date: 6 December 2005

Deborah Y. Cohn

Taxonomies (e.g., classification schemes) are valuable in that they clarify and create conceptual and theoretical frameworks to integrate a large variety of research (Brinkmann…

Abstract

Taxonomies (e.g., classification schemes) are valuable in that they clarify and create conceptual and theoretical frameworks to integrate a large variety of research (Brinkmann, 2002; Crié, 2003). In addition, taxonomies draw attention to the importance of a subject and provide a framework for organizing what we know and what we have yet to explore (Berenbaum, Raghavan, Le, Vernon, & Gomez, 2003). This article develops a taxonomy to explore the ethical considerations of advertising professionals. A netnographic study was conducted and the results are presented. A taxonomy is developed in which advertising practitioner concerns are classified into four categories: (1) societal impact, (2) industry norms and rules, (3) my ethical dilemmas, (4) others’ behavior, and (5) industry responses. This research supports and extends previous academic research into advertising ethics.

Details

Crisis and Opportunity in the Professions
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-84950-378-5

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Article
Publication date: 1 August 1992

A slowed rate of market growth, industrial over‐capacity, increased competition: these are just three “trend drivers” towards relationship marketing. Philip Kotler, one of the…

1468

Abstract

A slowed rate of market growth, industrial over‐capacity, increased competition: these are just three “trend drivers” towards relationship marketing. Philip Kotler, one of the world’s leading marketing thinkers, has brought the philosophy of relationship marketing to bear on a key issue for marketing strategies, that of customer retention.

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Marketing Intelligence & Planning, vol. 10 no. 8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0263-4503

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Article
Publication date: 1 August 1994

Eric Sandelands

This special “Anbar Abstracts” issue of the Marketing Intelligence & Planning is split into nine sections covering abstracts under the following headings: Business Strategy;…

205

Abstract

This special “Anbar Abstracts” issue of the Marketing Intelligence & Planning is split into nine sections covering abstracts under the following headings: Business Strategy; Marketing Strategy; Customer Service; Sales Management; Promotion; Marketing Research/Customer Behaviour; Product Management; Logistics and Distribution; Sundry.

Details

Marketing Intelligence & Planning, vol. 12 no. 8
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0263-4503

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Article
Publication date: 9 June 2022

Philip Tin Yun Lee, Richard Wing Cheung Lui, Michael Chau and Bosco Hing Yan Tsin

This study examines how contributors with different achievement goals participate under the influence of two common motivators/demotivators on crowdsourcing platforms, namely…

237

Abstract

Purpose

This study examines how contributors with different achievement goals participate under the influence of two common motivators/demotivators on crowdsourcing platforms, namely system design features and task nature.

Design/methodology/approach

A free simulation experiment was conducted among undergraduate students with the use of a crowdsourcing platform for two weeks.

Findings

The results indicate that contributors with a strong performance-approach goal get better scores and participate in more crowdsourcing tasks. Contributors with a strong mastery-avoidance goal participate in fewer heterogeneous tasks.

Research limitations/implications

Contributors with different achievement goals participate in crowdsourcing tasks to different extents under the influence of the two motivators/demotivators. The inclusion of the approach-avoidance dimension in the performance-mastery dichotomy enables demonstrating the influence of motivators/demotivators more specifically. This article highlights differentiation between the quality and the quantity of heterogeneous crowdsourcing tasks.

Practical implications

Management is advised to approach performance-approach people if a leaderboard and a point system are incorporated into their crowdsourcing platforms. Also, management should avoid offering heterogeneous tasks to mastery-avoidance contributors. System developers should take users' motivational goals into consideration when designing the motivators in their systems.

Originality/value

The study sheds light on habitual achievement goals, which are relatively stable in comparison to contributors' motives and states. The relationships between achievement goals and motivators/demotivators are more persistent across time. This study informs system designers' decisions to include appropriate motivators for sustained contributor participation.

Details

Information Technology & People, vol. 36 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0959-3845

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