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Publication date: 24 August 2005

Eri Shinoki and Ichiro Matsuda

The progress of genetic medicine has given rise to recent changes in the field of health care, such as expected benefits and potential risks for patients and their relatives…

Abstract

The progress of genetic medicine has given rise to recent changes in the field of health care, such as expected benefits and potential risks for patients and their relatives. Individual genetic information can unlock many secrets within the genetic family and, sometimes the community to which he or she belongs. Therefore, the traditional duty of confidentiality owed by a health care professional to a patient has been challenged by the more serious discussions based on new genetics. Clinical geneticists providing genetic services must be aware of such complicated situations and whenever possible offer support to the patient (client) and their family members. Excluding eugenics and nonscientific perspectives, the Japanese government renamed and reworked “The Eugenic Protection Act” into the “Maternal Heath Protection Act” in 1996. From 1995 to 2003, the Japanese Society of Human Genetics (JSHG) revised guidelines for genetic testing three times. This process attempted to clarify indications for genetic testing, to focus on protection of individual genetic privacy and to deepen respect for familial relationships and responsibilities. The survey involving 221 JSHG approved clinical geneticist (response rate 54%) revealed that during last 5 years the number trying to do “non-directive” rather than “directive” counseling increased significantly. Although there is still in confusion on certain issues, such as data disclosure to relatives, the global bioethical view of new genetics is gaining Japanese geneticists’ acceptance.

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Taking Life and Death Seriously - Bioethics from Japan
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-0-76231-206-1

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Article
Publication date: 1 January 1988

I. Matsuda

Copper‐clad polyimide glass laminates that pass the GPY/Polyimide Specifications of IPC‐L‐108A have been developed using the Michael reaction of bismaleimide and m‐aminophenol…

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Abstract

Copper‐clad polyimide glass laminates that pass the GPY/Polyimide Specifications of IPC‐L‐108A have been developed using the Michael reaction of bismaleimide and m‐aminophenol. The addition reaction of m‐aminophenol to N‐phenylmaleimide has been confirmed from NMR, IR, and ultimate analysis. The peel strength of copper‐clad laminates is 1·8–2·0 kg/cm. The coefficient of expansion in the Z direction (25°C–246°C) is 0·96%. The glass transition temperature with post‐curing for an hour at 250°C is about 295°C. Water absorption by IPC‐L‐108A is 0·25%.

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Circuit World, vol. 14 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0305-6120

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Book part
Publication date: 1 April 2004

Joshua M Price

Critical race theory is a contemporary legal movement composed of progressive scholars, primarily people who identify as people of color, who seek to challenge racism in American…

Abstract

Critical race theory is a contemporary legal movement composed of progressive scholars, primarily people who identify as people of color, who seek to challenge racism in American society. In their writing, they explore the many ways in which racism infuses American institutions, popular culture, commonsense beliefs, pervades interaction and cuts to the core of the American psyche. One of the central challenges that any person, scholar, activist faces in the U.S. is the peculiar nature of contemporary discourse on race. Often times, much of white America treats racism as if it were a thing of the past, an article of a time when the racial caste system was explicitly upheld and defended, either in the form of slavery, explicitly racist immigration laws (like the Chinese Exclusion Act), the Jim Crow laws, or when Native Americans were massacred by Union soldiers. Contemporary anti-racist work constantly confronts this denial of racism from a large segment of America.2 This denial of racism is one in which many people seem to have developed something of a psychic investment. Since the critical race theorists are working in a scholar-activist anti-racist vein, they also have to confront this massive self-delusion or mythic self-understanding.

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Studies in Law, Politics and Society
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-84950-262-7

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Book part
Publication date: 14 October 2010

Shimpei Iwasaki and Rajib Shaw

Saroma Lake is the largest lagoon in Japan, situated at latitude 44°05′07″ and 44°11′58″ north and longitude 143°40′06″ and 143°58′14″ east (Fig. 3.1). It is located in the…

Abstract

Saroma Lake is the largest lagoon in Japan, situated at latitude 44°05′07″ and 44°11′58″ north and longitude 143°40′06″ and 143°58′14″ east (Fig. 3.1). It is located in the northeast of Hokkaido along the Okhotsk sea. The size and circumference of the lake area is around 151km2 and 91km, respectively. The pear-shaped lagoon is around 25.7km long and around 9.5km wide. The lake has semiclosed estuaries with sea mouths between Okhotsk sea and lake. In the lake, two artificial sea mouths have been excavated, where the water exchange can be maintained. These are around 300 and 50m wide. Approximately 90 percent of the total inflow from the sea to the lake passes through the former mouth, which was opened in 1927. The salinity level in Saroma Lake is almost similar to that of the Okhotsk sea due to the active tidal water exchange through the two mouths. An average water depth in Saroma Lake is 14m, approximately 18m deep at the deepest point. The lake receives fresh water from 13 rivers, particularly two principal streams (i.e., River Saromabetsu and Baro), where a large quantity of freshwater and subsequent sediments and nutrients are supplied into the lake.

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Integrated Lagoon Fisheries Management: Resource Dynamics and Adaptation
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-0-85724-164-1

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Article
Publication date: 1 February 1990

R.K. Jain and S. Chandra

Epoxy resins are compounds which contain in their molecule more than one 1,2 epoxy group capable of undergoing polyreactions, referred to as curing reactions. The presence of…

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Abstract

Epoxy resins are compounds which contain in their molecule more than one 1,2 epoxy group capable of undergoing polyreactions, referred to as curing reactions. The presence of epoxy groups may be either internal, terminal or on cyclic structures. Polyreactions take place at varying temperatures from low room temperature cure to high temperature cure systems upon addition of curing agents such as amines, amides or carboxylic acid anhydrides. The uncured resins which range from low viscosity liquids to high melting solids, soluble in organic solvents, become insoluble, infusible hard materials on curing due to crosslinked structure of the cured products.

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Pigment & Resin Technology, vol. 19 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0369-9420

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Book part
Publication date: 24 August 2005

Susumu Nakayama

Human dignity is perceived dually, as active dignity when people dare in pursuit of a life worth to live, and as passive dignity because they are human beings. A human is regarded…

Abstract

Human dignity is perceived dually, as active dignity when people dare in pursuit of a life worth to live, and as passive dignity because they are human beings. A human is regarded as “a being interrelated with”, not as an individual, in Japan. Person, human rights, body, and life are in reality supports of human dignity. Traditional Japanese could compensate for such ignorance of the essential concepts in their own ways. One must live in between “a being interrelated with” and an individual, being aware of one's own responsibility. Here lies the basis of human dignity.

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Taking Life and Death Seriously - Bioethics from Japan
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-0-76231-206-1

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Book part
Publication date: 6 February 2013

Katrina Kimport

Purpose – Historically, the gay and lesbian community has been divided over same-sex marriage along gender lines, with gay men its most frequent supporters and lesbians its most…

Abstract

Purpose – Historically, the gay and lesbian community has been divided over same-sex marriage along gender lines, with gay men its most frequent supporters and lesbians its most frequent critics. In recent years, however, in localities where same-sex marriage has been available, the gender polarity around same-sex marriage has reversed, with lesbian couples constituting the majority of those married. Although same-sex marriage is framed in a gender-neutral way, the higher rate of lesbians marrying suggests that gay men and lesbians may have different stakes in, demand for, and benefits from access to marriage.Methodology – Drawing on interviews with 42 participants (24 women; 18 men) in the 2004 San Francisco same-sex weddings, I qualitatively analyze how and when gender comes to be salient in the decision by same-sex couples to marry.Findings – Explicitly attending to the intersections of gender, sexual identity, and family, I find that lesbians and gay men did not systematically offer different narratives for why they married, but parents did offer different meanings than childfree respondents: the apparent gender gap is better described as a parenthood gap, which has a demographic relationship to gender with more lesbians than gay men achieving parenthood in California. Scholarship on the gendered experience of reproduction suggests that the importance of gender in the experience of queer parenthood may persist even if parity in parenthood were reached.Originality/value – Findings attest to the importance of attending to the intersections of gender, sexual identity, and family for scholars of same-sex marriage.

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Notions of Family: Intersectional Perspectives
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-78190-535-7

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Article
Publication date: 16 February 2024

Kourgnan Patrice Zanre

This study assesses the extent to which integrated extension services contribute to the adoption of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) innovations within the cotton value chain in…

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Abstract

Purpose

This study assesses the extent to which integrated extension services contribute to the adoption of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) innovations within the cotton value chain in Burkina Faso.

Design/methodology/approach

To address the research question, a probit multivariate econometric model with sample selection is utilized. The model is applied to a random sample of farmers (n = 510), and the endogeneity is addressed through a control function approach.

Findings

The study highlights the central role of value chains, particularly in the cotton sector, in overcoming resource scarcity through integrated extension services. Findings show that smallholder farmers who benefit from sound extension services are more willing to adopt and diversify CSA technologies. These include improved seeds, conservation techniques, adapted planting dates and mechanization. This study confirms the synergistic nature of these technologies and emphasizes that effective climate risk mitigation depends on the combined adoption of CSA technologies.

Research limitations/implications

The use of cross-sectional data limits the analysis of long-term farmer behavior, and due to data limitations, the focus was primarily on the contributions of cotton companies and farmers to climate risk mitigation. Future research using panel data across the value chain could provide a more robust insights for policy decision-making.

Originality/value

The study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by emphasizing the crucial role of integrated extension services within the cotton value chain in developing countries. This highlights the critical benefits for farmers and emphasizes the need to diversify modern technologies to effectively combat climate change and its variability in agriculture.

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Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2044-0839

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Article
Publication date: 12 August 2020

Jörgen Lundälv, Henrik Ehrlington and Andreas Johansen

The purpose of this study is to describe knowledge, awareness and experience of different employees in a Swedish municipality (City of Gothenburg) concerning the disability…

636

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to describe knowledge, awareness and experience of different employees in a Swedish municipality (City of Gothenburg) concerning the disability perspective, accessibility and universal design in practice.

Design/methodology/approach

This study is based on an online survey. A total of 119 different employees responded to the survey. The data was analyzed from a mixed-method approach, using descriptive statistics and textual analysis. The study also included personal interviews with 19 employees in the City of Gothenburg.

Findings

A total of 521 employees in the City of Gothenburg participated in disability awareness exercises (DAE) at the Disability Awareness Arena to gain greater knowledge and insight on disability perspectives in different environments and services. Of these, 119 people representing different professions in soft and hard services and companies participated in the survey; and 19 people participated in personal interviews. The study showed that a vast majority of them were very satisfied and they have developed and practiced their new knowledge and attitude toward disability and accessibility.

Research limitations/implications

One limitation in this study is that it has investigated the experiences and effects of the DAE 6–12 months after its implementation. Therefore, it is not possible to analyze long-term effects that the DAE can have in practice.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no prior study of these issues has been conducted in Sweden. This study is deemed to have significant social benefit because of the steadily increasing demand for disability simulations, awareness of disability perspective and accessibility in municipality settings. No other study has addressed the importance of the DAE in these perspectives. DAE is defined in this article as a unique concept for promoting the usage of the disability perspective in the everyday workplace.

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Article
Publication date: 5 February 2018

Alessandro Mauro, Mario R. Romano, Vito Romano and P. Nithiarasu

The purpose of this paper is to compare the fluid dynamic performance of two Aqueous Humor (AH) ocular drainage devices, the SOLX® Gold Micro Shunt (GMS) and the novel Silicon…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to compare the fluid dynamic performance of two Aqueous Humor (AH) ocular drainage devices, the SOLX® Gold Micro Shunt (GMS) and the novel Silicon Shunt Device (SSD), implanted by surgeons in human eyes to reduce the IntraOcular Pressure towards physiological values, by draining the AH from the Anterior Chamber to the Suprachoroidal Space, to cure eyes with glaucoma.

Design/methodology/approach

The generalized porous medium model is solved to simulate the AH flow through the two ocular drainage devices and the surrounding porous tissues of the eye.

Findings

In the GMS, probable stagnation regions have been found, due to the very small AH velocity values inside the device and to the surrounding tissues, creating possible blockage and malfunction of the device. The simple microtubular geometry of the novel SSD allows to have a regular AH flow and to choose shunts with different diameters and/or with the presence of radial holes, based on patient needs, with consequent reduction of post-operative complications.

Research limitations/implications

The present model will be further developed taking into account the insertion of the present drainage devices inside the anterior section of the eye. The present results show the comparative fluid dynamic performance of the two shunts considered, and can be useful for surgeons to choose the adequate shunt, based on the required AH flow rate for a specific patient.

Practical implications

The present numerical approach, employing the generalized porous medium model, represents a useful tool to study the fluid dynamics of ocular drainage devices and to design these shunts, to reduce post-operative complications.

Originality/value

The generalized porous medium model is here applied for the first time to simulate the interaction of ocular drainage devices with the surrounding porous tissues of the eye.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 28 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

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