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Article
Publication date: 1 March 1995

Gh. Juncu and I. Iliuta

The paper presents the numerical performance of the preconditionedgeneralized conjugate gradient (PGCG) methods in solvingnon‐linear convection — diffusion equations…

63

Abstract

The paper presents the numerical performance of the preconditioned generalized conjugate gradient (PGCG) methods in solving non‐linear convection — diffusion equations. Three non‐linear systems which describe a non‐isothermal chemical reactor, the chemically driven convection in a porous medium and the incompressible steady flow past a sphere are the test problems. The standard second order accurate centred finite difference scheme is used to discretize the models equations. The discrete approximations are solved with a double iterative process using the Newton method as outer iteration and the PGCG algorithm as inner iteration. Three PGCG techniques, which emerge to be the best performing, are tested. Laplace‐type operators are employed for preconditioning. The results show that the convergence of the PGCG methods depends strongly on the convection—diffusion ratio. The most robust algorithm is GMRES. But even with GMRES non‐convergence occurs when the convection—diffusion ratio exceeds a limit value. This value seems to be influenced by the non‐linearity type.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 5 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

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Article
Publication date: 1 August 1999

Gh. Juncu

The paper analyses the preconditioning of non‐linear nonsymmetric equations with approximations of the discrete Laplace operator. The test problems are non‐linear 2‐D elliptic…

167

Abstract

The paper analyses the preconditioning of non‐linear nonsymmetric equations with approximations of the discrete Laplace operator. The test problems are non‐linear 2‐D elliptic equations that describe natural convection, Darcy flow, in a porous medium. The standard second order accurate finite difference scheme is used to discretize the models’ equations. The discrete approximations are solved with a double iterative process using the Newton method as outer iteration and the preconditioned generalised conjugate gradient (PGCG) methods as inner iteration. Three PGCG algorithms, CGN, CGS and GMRES, are tested. The preconditioning with discrete Laplace operator approximations consists of replacing the solving of the equation with the preconditioner by a few iterations of an appropriate iterative scheme. Two iterative algorithms are tested: incomplete Cholesky (IC) and multigrid (MG). The numerical results show that MG preconditioning leads to mesh independence. CGS is the most robust algorithm but its efficiency is lower than that of GMRES.

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International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 9 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

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Article
Publication date: 11 December 2019

Yang Liu, Qi Li, Tudor Edu, Laszlo Jozsa and Iliuta Costel Negricea

The purpose of this paper is to appraise the impact of mobile shopping platform characteristics on consumer’s emotions, the relationship between emotions and their impact on…

4578

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to appraise the impact of mobile shopping platform characteristics on consumer’s emotions, the relationship between emotions and their impact on impulsive buying.

Design/methodology/approach

Mobile shopping platform characteristics were grouped into five dimensions: information, entertainment, personalization, visuality and economic benefits, and integrated in a model built on the Stimulus-organism-response theory to evaluate the influence on arousal (excitement) and pleasure, the relationship between arousal and pleasure and their impact on impulsive buying. In total, 303 valid questionnaires were collected from Chinese mobile shoppers. The research hypotheses were tested through confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling.

Findings

Entertainment and personalization had significant positive influences on consumer’s arousal and pleasure. Information, visuality and economic benefits had significant positive influences on consumer’s arousal. Arousal had a significant positive impact on consumer’s pleasure. Arousal and pleasure had significant positive influences on impulsive buying.

Research limitations/implications

New insights can be obtained by investigating other consumer’s profiles. The model can be improved by including other mobile platform characteristics (product availability, platform ease-of-use and interactivity) and broadening the impulsive buying perspective through assessing flow experience and virtual atmosphere.

Practical implications

Marketing strategies are proposed based on the mobile platform characteristics and considering Chinese customer values, for generating positive emotions and impulsive buying.

Originality/value

This study enriches the literature by recommending a classification for mobile shopping platform characteristics and proposing a model to investigate the characteristics, emotions and impulsive buying nexus.

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Article
Publication date: 1 October 2020

Kim-Shyan Fam, Shuo She and Djavlonbek Kadirov

98

Abstract

Details

Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, vol. 32 no. 7
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-5855

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Article
Publication date: 7 February 2025

Joana Ferreira, Miranda A.H. Horvath and Kari Davies

Despite recent increases, the low level of convictions in cases of rape and serious sexual offences (RASSO), aligned with the subsequent lack of victim satisfaction with the…

19

Abstract

Purpose

Despite recent increases, the low level of convictions in cases of rape and serious sexual offences (RASSO), aligned with the subsequent lack of victim satisfaction with the process, has highlighted the various challenges and barriers throughout the criminal justice process. Whilst understanding the shortcomings of criminal justice processes in cases of RASSO requires a holistic approach, this paper focuses on case preparation and the application of the Full Code test. Its purpose is to explore the application of this test and preceding case preparation in police decision-making around submitting cases for charging decision, following the recommendations of the first year of Operation Soteria Bluestone.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopted a mixed-method approach, combining both interviews and case reviews of selected RASSO cases across five forces in England and Wales.

Findings

This research found a shift towards “threshold thinking”, whereby officers arguably no longer try to predict a prosecutor’s decision and instead focus on meeting the requirements for the application of the test. In terms of case preparation, the research demonstrates a move away from “fishing expeditions”, with a preference for more focused approaches to collecting evidence.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the first studies looking at the use of full code test principles in police decision-making in RASSO cases.

Details

Journal of Criminal Psychology, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2009-3829

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Article
Publication date: 8 January 2018

Jay Kandampully, Tingting(Christina) Zhang and Elina Jaakkola

In the contemporary hospitality industry, superior customer experiences are essential in gaining customer loyalty and achieving a competitive advantage. However, limited research…

18071

Abstract

Purpose

In the contemporary hospitality industry, superior customer experiences are essential in gaining customer loyalty and achieving a competitive advantage. However, limited research addresses this subject. The purpose of this study is to advance scholarly research on customer experience management (CEM) in the hospitality field by providing a comprehensive overview of the key elements of CEM, a framework for managing customer experience and a rich agenda for research.

Design/methodology/approach

An extensive literature review produces a comprehensive overview of the existing knowledge of CEM. A synthesis of previous literature reveals the need for additional, contemporary information sources. The study is, therefore, supplemented by invited commentaries on CEM from senior scholars and hospitality managers.

Findings

The proposed model takes a holistic perspective on managing a positive customer experience, through collaboration among marketing, operations, design, human resources and strategy, in association with technology and social media.

Research limitations/implications

The literature review and commentaries from leading experts reveal six areas for further research on CEM in the hospitality industry.

Originality/value

This study provides a comprehensive, systematic review of CEM literature and detailed understanding of the mechanisms for managing customer experiences in the hospitality industry. It integrates state-of-the-art CEM knowledge in the generic business context, along with principles of hospitality management, and advances CEM research by emphasizing the need for collaboration among marketing, operations and human resources.

Details

International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, vol. 30 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0959-6119

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Article
Publication date: 17 September 2024

Arianna Barbin, Anna Gekoski, Kari Davies and Miranda A.H. Horvath

Several studies have been conducted to understand why the conviction rate for rape and serious sexual offences (RASSO) remains so low. Increasing pressure and criticism have led…

163

Abstract

Purpose

Several studies have been conducted to understand why the conviction rate for rape and serious sexual offences (RASSO) remains so low. Increasing pressure and criticism have led to questioning why improvements in RASSO investigations are proving ineffective. The purpose of this study was to capture police officers’ perspective of police specialism while investigating RASSO.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 82 semi-structured interviews were conducted. Data collection spanned across two years, from October 2021 until May 2023, and included police officers from four police forces in England and Wales. Template analysis was used to identify recurrent patterns around police specialism for RASSO.

Findings

Most officers viewed specialism as a tool to improve how police forces prevent and tackle RASSO. In spite of this, the lack of prioritisation of specialist training, roles and units specifically for this crime type has hindered the development of evidence-based practice in policing. The impact on well-being, resources, organisational support and role identity has been explored.

Originality/value

This is the first qualitative study, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, to look at officers’ insights on police specialism for RASSO in England and Wales. Officers discussed day-to-day challenges associated with conducting RASSO investigations while reflecting on potential advantages related to dedicated specialist units and/or specialist roles.

Details

Journal of Criminal Psychology, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2009-3829

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Article
Publication date: 3 October 2024

Anna Gekoski

In the context of rising reports of rape, set against falling convictions, it has been argued that rape has been de facto decriminalised in England and Wales. This paper aims to…

43

Abstract

Purpose

In the context of rising reports of rape, set against falling convictions, it has been argued that rape has been de facto decriminalised in England and Wales. This paper aims to explore how police and prosecutors investigating rape and serious sexual offences (RASSO) use and perceive investigation management documents (IMDs), and how high-quality IMDs may lead to better justice outcomes. IMDs must be started by police at the beginning of an investigation and should document: what an officer is/is not doing and why; what the reasonable lines of enquiry are and their outcomes; and what has translated to evidence and supports charge, disclosure or unused material. The document is shared with the crown prosecution service at the point a charging decision is sought.

Design/methodology/approach

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 32 police officers and five crown prosecutors across five areas in Year 2 of Operation Soteria Bluestone, a project that aimed to improve how police investigate rape. These interviews were analysed using the qualitative method of thematic analysis.

Findings

Three main themes were identified relating to timeliness, understanding, and quality of IMDs. It was found that IMDs are not always started at the beginning of RASSO investigations or even at all. Officers also lacked understanding around the purpose of IMDs, often seeing them as duplications of other case files. Finally, prosecutors and police concurred that the quality of IMDs are generally poor and lacking in critical reflection.

Originality/value

To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first academic paper to consider the use of IMDs by police and prosecutors in RASSO investigations. As such, it is both a unique contribution to the field and also provides a platform for future research. Understanding how police officers can produce the highest quality IMDs, in a timely fashion, is of paramount importance given the wider societal context of increasing reports of rape alongside low charge rates. Implications for training are considered.

Details

Journal of Criminal Psychology, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2009-3829

Keywords

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Article
Publication date: 22 August 2024

Katherine Allen, Aneela Khan, Miranda A.H. Horvath and Kari Davies

This paper aims to evaluate how five Operation Soteria Bluestone (OSB) participating forces integrated principles of procedural justice and proactive disruption of offending into…

99

Abstract

Purpose

This paper aims to evaluate how five Operation Soteria Bluestone (OSB) participating forces integrated principles of procedural justice and proactive disruption of offending into their investigations, specifically during the closing stages of a case when considering exit strategy and longer-term prevention.

Design/methodology/approach

A mixed-methods approach was taken, including 32 semi-structured interviews with officers and 59 case reviews of recent rape and serious sexual offences (RASSO). Data analysis methods included qualitative thematic analysis of interviews, while data from reviewed case logs was extracted and analysed using a bespoke case review tool.

Findings

Increased workloads, preparation of evidence and relational/communication difficulties with the crown prosecution service (CPS) were identified as barriers to implementing long-term disruption options. Dedicated resourcing, training and support are needed to promote suspect-focused investigative strategy and wider uptake of long-term disruption methods. Early investigative approach was also found to have “snowball” effects on suspect exit strategy, with initial lack of suspect focus and preoccupation with victim credibility, impeding consideration of long-term disruption and safeguarding options. Findings also point to a disparity between promising practice in relation to procedural justice for victims and (a relative lack of) proactive policing of repeat suspects.

Originality/value

The study represents a novel contribution to research on policing RASSO, illustrating the scale and nature of the obstacles to changing how these offences are investigated, even when under intense scrutiny from policy makers. It also highlights how increased organisational investment and support is linked to positive changes in practice in some forces.

Details

Journal of Criminal Psychology, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2009-3829

Keywords

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