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Although the existence of a close relationship between the areas of digital signal processing and time integration methodology is known, a systematic application of the concepts and methods of the first area to the second is missing. Such an approach is followed in this paper, arising from the fact that any time integration formula can be viewed as a digital filter of the applied excitation force, approximating as close as possible to the behaviour of a ‘prototype analogue filter’, which is in fact the semi discrete equations of motion of the system. This approach provides a universal framework for handling and analysing all various aspects of time integration formulae, such as analysis in the frequency domain, algebraic operations, accuracy and stability, aliasing, spurious oscillations generation, introduction of digital filters within the time integration formula, initial conditions handling and overshooting. Additionally it is shown that digital signal processing methods, such as pre‐ or post‐processing, time delays, etc. can be in certain cases a quite effective complement of the time integration scheme.

Social networking sites and Facebook have grown to become an important channel of interactive marketing communication with consumers for retail. The purpose of this paper is to examine the ways posts characteristics and reactions affect post popularity and engagement in retail brands Facebook pages.

In total, 18 retail brand pages out of the 120 most popular brand pages on Facebook in Greece are examined for a three months’ period (April–June 2016). In all, 2,627 posts are analyzed with the use of OLS regressions in order to identify the characteristics of posts that increase consumers’ engagement, including the newly introduced reaction feature.

The results suggest that richness of content (images and videos) and message length increase the engagement levels and the popularity of posts. Reactions have a positive effect on engagement, and negative reactions stronger than positive reactions, except in sharing. On the other hand, posting time does not seem to have a statistically significant impact on the engagement and popularity of a post.

The study was conducted during a period that reactions were only recently introduced by Facebook, therefore users and brands may not have been familiarized with their use.

The study contributes to the understanding of consumer engagement with retail brands’ pages on Facebook and social media, and the ways they use reactions and other ways of interactions with brand posts. The results can provide some insight to retailers on how to achieve higher levels of engagement for their brands through their Facebook pages, improving the effectiveness of social media marketing campaigns.

The findings contribute in understanding the ways users interact with brand posts in Facebook using reactions, using a number of popularity measures, providing useful insights about reactions, engagement and e-WoM, extending prior research.

This research aims to understand the dynamics that drive consumer engagement of multinational brands' social media posts on platform X, formerly known as Twitter. Taking the emotional tone of posts into account, the effect of vivid, interactive, informative, entertaining and practical features of posts on consumer interactions are evaluated across English- and Turkish-speaking markets.

Inspired by the conceptual framework proposed in previous literature, features were extracted computationally using natural language processing from platform X posts of 33 Fortune 500 brands from various industries from June 2016 to June 2021. Following evaluation of regression models on alternative distributions of the dependent variable, which is total number of likes, shares and comments, random subspace regression using bootstrap resampling was applied to calculate an importance score and evaluate the effect of features.

Consumers in English- and Turkish-speaking markets perceive and engage with content differently. While informative and entertaining posts resonate more with English speakers, emotions play a broader role for Turkish speakers. English-speaking audience prefers happy and vivid daytime messages with questions, while Turkish-speaking audience is drawn to angry messages, lean toward nighttime posts.

This research is a pioneer to evaluate the factors that influence brands' platform X post engagements across markets of different cultural orientation. Beyond assessing the distinctions in brand post elements, the role of emotional content in brand messages were also analyzed across English- and Turkish-speaking markets.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the usage of university Facebook (FB) groups and sites by undergraduate students seeking information about their departments and the ways these pages could be used to acquire students. The factors that can intensify the FB group activities of a university are examined as well as how FB can be used as a marketing tool to improve marketing campaigns.

The study investigates and compares two universities: the University of Novi Sad of the Republic of Serbia and the Technological Educational Institute of Western Macedonia, Greece. A structured questionnaire was used with samples of 343 and 300 students gathered in this survey.

An enhanced technology acceptance model oriented toward FB is presented and it is the conceptual background of the paper. Student demographics and behavioral characteristics of the FB group they enrolled on were determined. Common behavioral patterns of the usage tension of the FB group are also identified. Additionally, five factors were determined that can be used by university marketers to intensify engagement with the FB group.

Larger samples should be used for future research.

The paper proposes a marketing strategy a higher education institution should follow to more effectively use social networking sites as a marketing tool.

Following the hierarchy-of-effects model, this study aims to propose a two-step process framework to investigate social media post efficacy via attraction and likes.

The study analyzes 113,785 social media posts from 126 WeChat official accounts to explore how external (headline features and account type) and internal (content features and media type) features impact social media post attractions and likes, respectively.

The antecedents of post attraction differ from those of post likes. First, headline features (punctuation, length, sentiment and lexical density) and account type significantly influence social media post attraction. Second, content features (depth, tone, domain specificity, lexical density and readability) and media type affect social media post likes.

First, this study considers online user engagement as a two-step process regarding social media posts and explores different influencing factors. Second, the study constructs new variables (account type and domain specificity) in each stage of the two-step process model.

This paper aims to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the performance of travel cryptocurrency and stock markets over a long period during the pandemic.

A generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity model was developed for 6 travel cryptocurrencies and the top 10 hotel, 7 airline and 26 restaurant stocks listed on the NASDAQ stock exchange. An event-study approach was applied to the emergence of the novel coronavirus and its variant, Omicron. Additionally, abnormal returns of the respective assets in response to such events were estimated.

Results indicated that the travel cryptocurrency market did not respond to the early stage of the pandemic, but NASDAQ hotel, restaurant and airline stocks revealed abnormal negative returns when the pandemic manifested in the USA. Upon the official US declaration of a pandemic, both cryptocurrencies and tourism stocks showed abnormal negative returns, but these were considerably greater among stocks than cryptocurrencies. Conversely, in response to the Omicron variant, only hotel, restaurant and airline stocks showed abnormal negative returns.

These results imply that travel cryptocurrencies are a financial instrument independent of hotel, restaurant or airline stocks. Thus, adopting travel cryptocurrencies may help investors and businesses diversify risk during long-duration crises such as COVID-19.

To the best of the author’s knowledge, this paper is the first empirical study to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the recently emerging travel cryptocurrency market using an event-study approach to investigate how it differs from tourism stock performances.

本文评估了 COVID 大流行在疫情期间很长一段时间对旅游加密货币和股票市场表现的影响。

为 6 种旅行加密货币和纳斯达克证券交易所上市的前 10 大酒店、7 家航空公司和 26 家餐厅股票开发了 GARCH（广义自回归条件异方差）模型。 将事件研究方法应用于新型冠状病毒及其变种 Omicron 的出现。 此外, 还估计了相应资产因此类事件而产生的异常收益。

结果表明, 旅游加密货币市场对疫情初期没有反应, 但纳斯达克酒店、餐厅和航空公司股票在美国出现疫情时出现异常负回报。 在美国正式宣布大流行后, 加密货币和旅游股均出现异常负回报, 但股票中的负回报要远高于加密货币。 相反, 作为对 Omicron 变体的回应, 只有酒店、餐厅和航空股出现异常的负回报。

这些结果表明, 旅行加密货币是一种独立于酒店、餐厅或航空公司股票的金融工具。因此, 采用旅游加密货币可能有助于投资者和企业在 COVID-19 等长期危机期间分散风险。

本文是第一份旨在调查 COVID-19 大流行对最近新兴的旅游加密货币市场的影响的实证研究, 并使用事件研究方法来调查它与旅游股票表现有何不同。

New information and communication technologies have transformed the ways businesses communicate and maintain relationships with their customers. In this chapter, we review the main topics in academic research pertaining to digital marketing and relationship perspectives. The discussion involves email and website marketing, search engine marketing, user-generated content, co-creation marketing, social media marketing, prosumption marketing in the sharing economy, immersive marketing and AI-based marketing. On this basis, the chapter proposes some future research directions including influencer marketing, live streaming, social service enhancement and the dark side of social media marketing, consumer-to-consumer interactions on two-sided platforms, psychological mechanisms related to the use of mixed realities, and the experience of AI-enabled service automation and relevant ethical issues. Furthermore, emerging technologies such as the Internet of things (IoT) and blockchain are expected to be the next breakthrough in marketing, which warrant further research to examine their impact on the customer-firm relationship. It is suggested the researchers could focus on the adoption and application of blockchain technology, participative marketing via IoT, as well as the privacy and data protection issues related to these technologies. This chapter provides a comprehensive picture of the connection between digital marketing and relationship marketing in academic research.

The present study shows that the implementation and development of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems as a technological innovation provide a competitive advantage that helps to improve the functionality of business intelligence (BI) systems in the digital transformation of manufacturing companies, in addition to improving overall firm performance.

The research uses the structural equation approach based on PLS-SEM technique with a sample of 120 firms in the manufacturing industry in Coahuila, Mexico.

The paper provides empirical insights into how the interaction of ERP systems and innovation significantly affects the functionality of BI Systems and has a substantial effect on overall firm performance.

Empirical evidence of how advanced digital management systems (ERP and BI) impact digitalization processes in organizations by improving performance is still scarce.

This paper aims to present the development of a numerical continuum-discrete approach for computing the sensitivity of the waves propagating in periodic composite structures. The work can be directly used for evaluating the sensitivity of the structural dynamic performance with respect to geometric and layering structural modifications.

A structure of arbitrary layering and geometric complexity is modelled using solid finite element (FE). A generic expression for computing the variation of the mass and the stiffness matrices of the structure with respect to the material and geometric characteristics is hereby given. The sensitivity of the structural wave properties can thus be numerically determined by computing the variability of the corresponding eigenvalues for the resulting eigenproblem. The exhibited approach is validated against the finite difference method as well as analytical results.

An intense wavenumber dependence is observed for the sensitivity results of a sandwich structure. This exhibits the importance and potential of the presented tool with regard to the optimization of layered structures for specific applications. The model can also be used for computing the effect of the inclusion of smart layers such as auxetics and piezoelectrics.

The paper presents the first continuum-discrete approach specifically developed for accurately and efficiently computing the sensitivity of the wave propagation data for periodic composite structures irrespective of their size. The considered structure can be of arbitrary layering and material characteristics as FE modelling is used.

With the growing trend of omni-channel marketing, brands are increasingly looking to offer a seamless experience to their online fan base by connecting with them across multiple social media platforms. This paper explores the relationship between brand posts' characteristics and popularity for start-ups across four different social media platforms: Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and LinkedIn.

A total of 1,200 social media posts from 10 start-ups were subjected to content analysis. Regression analysis was employed with brand posts' popularity (likes, comments and shares/retweets) as the dependent variable.

The results reveal several nuances in brand post popularity for start-ups across Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and LinkedIn. Antecedents of the popularity measures of likes, comments and shares/retweets also fared differently.

The paper reports one of the earliest empirical studies to better understand how the qualities of brand posts are related to their appeal across multiple social media platforms. It advances the literature on social media marketing and offers insights to social media managers of brands, particularly start-ups, on how to offer smoother customer journeys across numerous digital touchpoints.