Shu‐Chuan Liao, Kuo‐Fong Kao, I‐En Liao, Hui‐Lin Chen and Shu‐O Huang
As library collections increase rapidly, personalized recommender systems have become a very important service for library patrons. The purpose of this paper is to design and…
Abstract
Purpose
As library collections increase rapidly, personalized recommender systems have become a very important service for library patrons. The purpose of this paper is to design and implement a personal ontology recommender (PORE) system by building personal ontologies based on patrons' borrowing records.
Design/methodology/approach
In the PORE system, the traditional cataloging scheme, classification for Chinese libraries, is used as the reference ontology. This reference ontology is transformed to a unique personal ontology for each user based on the mining results from library borrowing records of that user.
Findings
A personal ontology represents a unique user interest on specific subjects. The personal ontology can be used to filter out unsuitable recommendations based only on a keyword matching method. Besides, the recommended books can be organized into the personal ontology, and provide the patron with a user‐friendly interface to access library collections.
Research limitations/implications
The PORE system is currently implemented for Chinese collections. From this paper builds a new version to support English collections by adopting the Library of Congress Classification as the reference ontology.
Originality/value
This paper represents a practical method of building a user's personal ontology and explains the functional use of ontology knowledge.
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I‐En Liao, Wen‐Chiao Hsu, Ming‐Shen Cheng and Li‐Ping Chen
The purpose of this paper is not only to design a more effective recommendation system for libraries, but also to eliminate many of the weaknesses found in the existing library…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is not only to design a more effective recommendation system for libraries, but also to eliminate many of the weaknesses found in the existing library recommender systems.
Design/methodology/approach
A novel library recommender system was designed for English collections by integrating personal ontology model and collaborative filtering model with domain specification.
Findings
The trend of the traditional library is evolving toward that of digital library. The personal ontology recommender (PORE) system offers a friendly user interface and provides several personalized services.
Research limitations/implications
This system is only implemented and tested in the Library of National Chung Hsing University in Taiwan.
Originality/value
The paper demonstrates a good methodology to offer an active, effective, and personalized recommendation system for library patrons.
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In 2015, there was great refugee migration towards and within Europe. Sweden was no exception. The unprecedented increase in asylum-seekers challenged the reception system at all…
Abstract
In 2015, there was great refugee migration towards and within Europe. Sweden was no exception. The unprecedented increase in asylum-seekers challenged the reception system at all levels including schools. This chapter, based on two studies, focuses on principals and their mission to adjust their schools in order to fulfil their responsibilities concerning newly arrived students’ education during that period. The number of newly arrived students the principals received ranged from a few students over a period of months to a constant influx of 60 and 150 in total. But the reaction among the principals and staff wasn’t necessarily related to the number of students in question. More telling was the school’s history, the principal’s leadership and the school’s experience in matters of diversity important. The way the principals managed the situation had an impact on how the situation developed. The findings also revealed problematic attitudes toward the ‘other’ among educators, attitudes that conflict with the school’s democratic mission. The reception of newly arrived students is a matter of a joint responsibility at all levels to guarantee equal education for all students, irrespective of their background.
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Vamsi Desam and Pradeep Reddy CH
Several chaotic system-based encryption techniques have been presented in recent years to protect digital images using cryptography. The challenges of key distribution and…
Abstract
Purpose
Several chaotic system-based encryption techniques have been presented in recent years to protect digital images using cryptography. The challenges of key distribution and administration make symmetric encryption difficult. The purpose of this paper is to address these concerns, the novel hybrid partial differential elliptical Rubik’s cube algorithm is developed in this study as an asymmetric image encryption approach. This novel algorithm generates a random weighted matrix, and uses the masking method on image pixels with Rubik’s cube principle. Security analysis has been conducted, it enhances and increases the reliability of the proposed algorithm against a variety of attacks including statistical and differential attacks.
Design/methodology/approach
In this light, a differential elliptical model is designed with two phases for image encryption and decryption. A modified image is achieved by rotating and mixing intensities of rows and columns with a masking matrix derived from the key generation technique using a unique approach based on the elliptic curve and Rubik’s cube principle.
Findings
To evaluate the security level, the proposed algorithm is tested with statistical and differential attacks on a different set of test images with peak signal-to-noise ratio, unified average changed intensity and number of pixel change rate performance metrics. These results proved that the proposed image encryption method is completely reliable and enhances image security during transmission.
Originality/value
The elliptic curve–based encryption is hard to break by hackers and adding a Rubik’s cube principle makes it even more complex and nearly impossible to decode. The proposed method provides reduced key size.
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Qiuhan Wang and Xujin Pu
This research proposes a novel risk assessment model to elucidate the risk propagation process of industrial safety accidents triggered by natural disasters (Natech), identifies…
Abstract
Purpose
This research proposes a novel risk assessment model to elucidate the risk propagation process of industrial safety accidents triggered by natural disasters (Natech), identifies key factors influencing urban carrying capacity and mitigates uncertainties and subjectivity due to data scarcity in Natech risk assessment.
Design/methodology/approach
Utilizing disaster chain theory and Bayesian network (BN), we describe the cascading effects of Natechs, identifying critical nodes of urban system failure. Then we propose an urban carrying capacity assessment method using the coefficient of variation and cloud BN, constructing an indicator system for infrastructure, population and environmental carrying capacity. The model determines interval values of assessment indicators and weights missing data nodes using the coefficient of variation and the cloud model. A case study using data from the Pearl River Delta region validates the model.
Findings
(1) Urban development in the Pearl River Delta relies heavily on population carrying capacity. (2) The region’s social development model struggles to cope with rapid industrial growth. (3) There is a significant disparity in carrying capacity among cities, with some trends contrary to urban development. (4) The Cloud BN outperforms the classical Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) gate fuzzy method in describing real-world fuzzy and random situations.
Originality/value
The present research proposes a novel framework for evaluating the urban carrying capacity of industrial areas in the face of Natechs. By developing a BN risk assessment model that integrates cloud models, the research addresses the issue of scarce objective data and reduces the subjectivity inherent in previous studies that heavily relied on expert opinions. The results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the classical fuzzy BNs.
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Peng Nai, Yuqing Luo and Guang Yang
This study aims to propose a set of institutional frameworks, as well as practical polices and steps, with a view to facilitating the establishment of a unified carbon trading…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to propose a set of institutional frameworks, as well as practical polices and steps, with a view to facilitating the establishment of a unified carbon trading market in China.
Design/methodology/approach
Based on existing empirical studies and reviews of the socioeconomic contexts, this study followed a qualitative approach consisting of secondary data collection and analysis, semi-structured interviews to collect primary data and comparative analysis.
Findings
The establishment of a national carbon trading market in China is a systemic and complex process which requires coordination among various concerned government agencies and supporting mechanisms. Currently, the development of a unified national carbon market has been impeded by the lack of coordination among local pilot programs, and there is no specific law passed by the People’s Congress or by its Standing Committee to regulate the emerging carbon trading market. It is of vital importance for China, in terms of both practical and strategic aspects, to take a gradualist approach in establishing laws and institutions to guide and support the development of its emerging carbon market.
Research limitations/implications
This present study forms a part of a regional research project aiming to identify sound policy approaches for the establishment of a carbon trading market in China. Due to scope reasons, it focuses only on policy analysis and recommendations.
Originality/value
China’s emerging national carbon trading market has attracted much research attention. However, little has been done from the perspectives of legislations and policies.
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Dirk De Clercq, Eugene Kaciak and Narongsak Thongpapanl
This study aims to investigate the mediating effect of entrepreneurial orientation on the relationship between women entrepreneurs' experience of family-induced work happiness and…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to investigate the mediating effect of entrepreneurial orientation on the relationship between women entrepreneurs' experience of family-induced work happiness and the competitive performance of their companies, as well as the invigorating role of their perceptions of environmental hostility in this process.
Design/methodology/approach
Survey data were collected among a nationwide sample of women entrepreneurs in Denmark.
Findings
The spillover of positive emotions from family to work can spur competitive performance if women entrepreneurs adopt an entrepreneurial strategic posture. This intermediate role of entrepreneurial orientation is particularly prominent among women entrepreneurs who experience their market environments as highly threatening to their success.
Practical implications
For practitioners, this study identifies a key mechanism, an entrepreneurial strategic direction, by which positive work energy stemming from family involvement can enhance women entrepreneurs' business success. The study also shows how this mechanism is triggered by resource-draining competitive markets that appear hostile instead of benign.
Originality/value
The adoption of an entrepreneurial posture is an unexplored but critical factor through which women entrepreneurs' sense of happiness at work, caused by their family involvement, can be leveraged into enhanced success at the organizational level. This study also explicates how this beneficial role is invigorated by beliefs about environmental hostility, as a critical external source of resource depletion.