Shapoor Zarei, Hussain Marzban, Ali H. Samadi and Ahmad Sadraei Javaheri
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of news shocks on monetary policies using the dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model. To this end, two kinds…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of news shocks on monetary policies using the dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model. To this end, two kinds of news shocks (known as technology and consumer preferences) are defined according to Khan and Tsoukalas’ (2012) approach.
Design/methodology/approach
In order to construct and simulate the DSGE model to approaching the real conditions in a case study, consumption habits in the utility function were concerned based on the assumption of the zero-value obtained from multiplying the inflation by the real interest rate in the Fisher’s equation, whereas the real interest rates in the long run were appointed as negative remark in simulating the monetary policy models. The estimation and simulation results for the research models indicated that monetary policies using the interest rate instrument identified the news shocks less frequently than monetary policies using the monetary base instrument.
Findings
The approximate value of the social loss function in the optimal commitment and discretionary monetary policies suggests that the optimal commitment policy is estimated to be lower in both cases. Due to value of the social loss function in optimal monetary policies with nominal interest rate instrument in the presence of news shocks, this could be claimed that monetary policy with interest rate instrument is more appropriate than the monetary policy with a monetary base instrument.
Originality/value
The approximate value of the social loss function in the optimal commitment and discretionary monetary policies suggests that the optimal commitment policy is estimated to be lower in both cases.
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There are a number of differences in the current Sharīʿah screening guidelines formulated by Sharīʿah scholars associated with world-renowned index providers and financial…
Abstract
Purpose
There are a number of differences in the current Sharīʿah screening guidelines formulated by Sharīʿah scholars associated with world-renowned index providers and financial institutions. The purpose of this study is to highlight the consequences of such differences on the portfolio level outcomes for Sharīʿah-compliant investors. This study also investigates the cost of adopting an alternative stock selection methodology.
Design/methodology/approach
Seven Sharīʿah-compliant equity portfolios (SCEPs) are created from the active constituents of the S&P 500. Size, sector allocation and financial performance of the resulting seven portfolios are evaluated for the period 1984–2019. Style analysis is performed to attribute the difference in financial performance caused by the choice of selection criteria to different risk factors. The cost of switching the selection criteria is evaluated with turnover analysis and break-even transaction cost.
Findings
The choice of stock selection criteria has a significant effect on the size, sector bets and financial performance of the portfolios. Those portfolios which are constructed with market capitalization-based screens outperform portfolios constructed with total assets-based screens. The turnover analysis revealed that SCEPs are relatively costly in practice.
Originality/value
This study investigates the performance of Sharīʿah-compliant portfolios in the context of seven different screening guidelines. The effects of transaction cost and performance attribution to different risk factors represent the key contributions of this study.
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Sabeeh Ullah, Muhammad Haroon, Shahzad Hussain and Ajid Ur Rehman
Islamic label of an organization attracts Muslims for investment. There is a rising concern with a huge profile of corporate governance related to the Islamic rules (principles)…
Abstract
Purpose
Islamic label of an organization attracts Muslims for investment. There is a rising concern with a huge profile of corporate governance related to the Islamic rules (principles). In this context, this study aims to examine the effect of Islamic labelling on corporate governance in the Pakistani setting.
Design/methodology/approach
This study used a panel data set comprising 120 non-financial Shariah-compliant and non-Shariah-compliant Islamic firms listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange over the period 2013–2020. For analysis, this study used static panel data estimation techniques. Moreover, for robustness check, this study also applied the system generalized method of movements procedure.
Findings
The findings deduced from empirical estimations reveal that Islamic labelling is positively associated with corporate governance. Overall, results indicate that Islamic labelling promotes corporate governance practices in Pakistan.
Originality/value
It is of utmost importance in terms of both theoretical and empirical context that Pakistan is a Muslim country having a 96.5% Muslim population, and it is evident that Muslims are allowed to execute their business under the guidance of Shariah principles. This study is unique because most of the previous literature provides empirical support related to the impact of corporate governance on capital structure, profitability and firm performance in conventional and Islamic firms. Practically, there is scarce literature on this issue.
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Imran Khan, Mehreen Khan and Muhammad Tahir
This study aims to investigate the performance differences of Islamic and conventional banks in Pakistan by using financial ratios.
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to investigate the performance differences of Islamic and conventional banks in Pakistan by using financial ratios.
Design/methodology/approach
This study analyzed 5 Islamic and 19 conventional banks for the periods of 2007-2014. Two types of analyses were performed – sample t-test and logistic regression. Analysis was also performed on sub-sample considering crisis effects.
Findings
It was found that Islamic banks are relatively better in profitability, efficiency, risk and liquidity management, while conventional banks are superior in asset quality. Higher efficiency of Islamic banks contradicts with previous studies conducted in Pakistan. Probable reasons for this include phenomenal expansion of Islamic banking industry and its broad appeal to customers in Pakistan. Risk management practices of Islamic banks are superior to conventional banks, as Shariah rules restrict pure speculation in monetary terms. Better asset quality of conventional banks is attributed to their recognition and product diversity. During the crisis, Islamic banks were found less profitable than their counterparts.
Research limitations/implications
This study suggests that high operational efficiency of Islamic banks should be converted into technical efficiency by improving human resource, introducing innovative market-oriented products and prudent resource allocations. As operational efficiency does not promise returns in long term, to sustain ongoing phenomenal growth of Islamic banking, management needs to gain customer trust.
Originality/value
This is an original research that compares performance differences across Islamic and conventional banks by using financial ratios.
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Maizaitulaidawati Md Husin, Shahab Aziz and Mehwish Iqbal
This paper aims to provide bibliometric data from previously published research in Islamic fund management. Several categories, such as the most influential authors, the keywords…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to provide bibliometric data from previously published research in Islamic fund management. Several categories, such as the most influential authors, the keywords and themes of the previously published research, were analyzed. Also, this paper provides a rigorous background for Islamic mutual funds research by synthesizing and reviewing the content of the previously published research to identify the gaps and provide future research direction.
Design/methodology/approach
Data were gathered from Scopus databases from the year 2007 until 2022. A total of 115 articles were found published over the period of 15 years. Three different software, namely, R-Studio, VOSviewer and Excel are used to analyze the data that depict, among others, the most impactful authors in the field, the top journals covering Islamic fund management research and the most cited document. Content analysis of the previously published research was also provided.
Findings
Publication in Islamic funds started gaining attention in the year 2012 and after. Collaborative works on Islamic funds are not strong yet among the contributory nations, although the USA and Malaysia contributed the highest number of publications. This study also found that there was a lack of research collaboration among authors in this research field, and most of the articles published were concentrated on the performance measurements of Islamic funds.
Research limitations/implications
Researchers might find the results of this paper useful, as they provide a comprehensive analysis of the previously published research in the field.
Practical implications
While these findings gave an overview of the intellectual structure of the research field, they also have the potential to inspire scholars working on Islamic funds research to collaborate on new research projects. Managers can also use this research to further enhance the emergence of Islamic fund management.
Originality/value
This is a comprehensive paper that examines previously published research in the field of Islamic fund management. The findings of this research benefit practitioners and researchers wishing to embark on research in this niche area.
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Ahmet Faruk Faruk Aysan, Aza Sidi Lemine and Umar Kayani
This study aims to assess that whether Islamic real estate crowdfunding (RECF) can offer a compelling alternative investment that can attract substantial funds from traditional…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to assess that whether Islamic real estate crowdfunding (RECF) can offer a compelling alternative investment that can attract substantial funds from traditional securities and other conventional methods or otherwise.
Design/methodology/approach
The current study draws on secondary data that was published on legitimate website, Twitter and official documents. Document analysis is conducted using the statements of privacy policy, Sharia compliance, terms and conditions disclosers and the established facts. Second, to achieve in-depth knowledge, a qualitative analysis was conducted for the published interviews and presentations with Aseel CEO Majed Abalkhail on YouTube. Thematic analysis is adapted; it is among the most popular types of analyzing qualitative data.
Findings
The findings show that the Aseel platform has been successful in providing simple access to investment opportunities by minimizing the obstacles, reducing entry and exit costs, streamlining the process and widening the investor’s base.
Originality/value
This paper seeks to contribute to the literature on crowdfunding, Islamic crowdfunding and RECF. Its objectives include exploring the concept of crowdfunding, its growth and various types. Furthermore, the paper aims to examine the expansion of the Islamic crowdfunding system, its current market position and a focus on the Saudi Arabian market. Lastly, the paper investigates the first RECF in Saudi Arabia, Aseel Company, which has achieved remarkable success with seven investment funds completed within its first year of establishment.
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Roslina Mohamad Shafi and Yan-Ling Tan
This study aims to explore the evolution of the Islamic capital market (ICM) from the perspective of research publications.
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to explore the evolution of the Islamic capital market (ICM) from the perspective of research publications.
Design/methodology/approach
A bibliometric analysis was applied based on selected publications from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database from 2000 to 2021. The study adopted VOSviewer software which was developed by Leiden University.
Findings
This study has some implications that need urgent action. Firstly, there are some areas that have received little attention among researchers, although they are relevant to the industry, for instance, in fintech and blockchain in ICM. Secondly, the inconsistent frequency of publications in some niche areas may suggest that there are unprecedented events that hinder further research; probably, the researcher may anticipate more information and progress in the industry. Thirdly, the need to strengthen the collaboration between industry and academia to advance research.
Research limitations/implications
This study considered only the WoSCC database. The provider of WoSCC is Clarivate (formerly known as Thomson Reuters), where access to publications is limited to institutional subscribers. The implications of this study are to identify and propose future research trends in the field of ICM.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the present study is among the pioneer studies in analysing bibliometric focusing on ICM. Previous research has focused on Islamic finance and banking, and not specifically on ICM. Accordingly, this study sheds light on research gaps in ICM.
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Waqas Mehmood, Anis Ali, Rasidah Mohd-Rashid and Attia Aman-Ullah
The purpose of this study is to look at how Shariah-compliant status and Shariah regulation affect the demand for initial public offerings (IPOs) in Pakistan. The…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to look at how Shariah-compliant status and Shariah regulation affect the demand for initial public offerings (IPOs) in Pakistan. The Shariah-compliant status, which is seen as a method that offers a credible signal to investors, may explain the anomaly in IPO demand.
Design/methodology/approach
This research used multivariate and quantile regression models to assess data from 85 IPOs issued on the Pakistan Stock Exchange between 2000 and 2019.
Findings
Shariah-compliant status has a considerable negative association with IPO demand. Nevertheless, there is a considerable positive association among Shariah regulation and IPO demand. Furthermore, the interaction among regulatory quality and Shariah-compliant status has a considerable strong influence on IPO demand. As a consequence, the findings show that Shariah-compliant firms might possibly attract the attention of investors. Investors were found to concur on the amicability of rigorous rules and permissible Shariah-compliance aspects.
Research limitations/implications
Future studies could analyse the financial ratio benchmark (cash and debt) to determine the Shariah-compliant status and Shariah regulation to better understand the problem of IPO demand in the context of Pakistan.
Practical implications
The outcomes of this research are useful for issuers and underwriters in comprehending the characteristics that influence high and early IPO success. Such knowledge may assist issuers and underwriters in responsibly planning and managing the IPO process.
Social implications
The results may be useful to investors looking for critical information in prospectuses to make the best choice when subscribing to IPOs in Pakistan.
Originality/value
This is one of the first studies to provide empirical data on the links among Shariah-compliant status, Shariah regulation and IPO demand in Pakistan. Furthermore, this research demonstrates the interaction impact of regulatory quality and Shariah-compliant status on IPO demand.
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Theresa Gunn and Joshua Shackman
– The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of the Muslim religion on firm capital structure.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of the Muslim religion on firm capital structure.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors compare financing patterns in Muslim versus non-Muslim countries using 658 firms in 16 countries covering a period of seven years.
Findings
No significant differences between Muslim and non-Muslim countries were found in terms of total debt ratios. However, significant differences were found in the choice of short-term versus long-term debt, with firms in Muslim countries showing a strong preference for short-term debt.
Research limitations/implications
The findings confirm existing theories on the impact of the Islamic religion on short-term versus long-term debt preferences. However, the findings concerning the lack of an impact of the Islamic religion on total debt preferences are surprising and contrary to existing theories.
Practical implications
Firms in Muslim countries appear to have the flexibility to adopt overall leverage ratios comparable to those in non-Muslim countries. However, firms in Muslim countries may be disadvantaged in that there appear to be impediments to the use of long-term debt.
Originality/value
This paper presents one of the first empirical studies of the impact of the Muslim religion on corporate financing choices across a large cross-section of firms in Muslim and non-Muslim countries.
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Stefania Testa, Thaer Atawna, Gino Baldi and Silvano Cincotti
This paper aims at explaining variances in the contribution of Islamic crowdfunding platforms (ICFPs) to sustainable development (SD), by adopting an institutional logic…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims at explaining variances in the contribution of Islamic crowdfunding platforms (ICFPs) to sustainable development (SD), by adopting an institutional logic perspective (ILP). ICFPs represent a dual institutional overlap between two logics (the Western-mainstream and the Islamic logic) which have an impact on corporate social responsibility (CSR) interpretations, practices, and decisions and whose conflicts are mitigated by choosing different resolution strategies. The authors aim at showing that this choice affects SD differently.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors develop a conceptual typology through the following steps: (1) choice of variables and identification of corresponding variable domains, through literature review. Variables chosen are the elemental CSR dimensions related to various social and environmental corporate responsibilities to whom diverse meaning and emphasis are given under the Western-mainstream and Islamic logics. (2) Identification of three distinct ideal types of ICFPs, building on different resolution strategies to mitigate conflicts between logics; (3) development, for each ideal type, of a set of implications related to SD; (4) implementation of a first test aiming at assigning real cases to each ideal type.
Findings
The authors identify Western-mimicking (platforms adopting as resolution strategy decoupling or compartmentalizing strategies), Islamic-driven (platforms focusing on one prevailing logic) and Syncretism-inspired (platforms adopting hybridizing practices) ideal-types.
Originality/value
It is the first paper suggesting ILP to explain variances in crowdfunding platforms' role in addressing SD. It focuses on a specific type of CF platforms till now neglected.