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This paper aims to examine the key domains and prevailing trends in the context of teacher effectiveness while proposing directions for future research in this area.

Utilising the Science Citation Index Expanded and Social Sciences Citation Index databases within Scopus, covering the period from 2014 to 2024, a bibliometric review of 555 studies related to teacher effectiveness is conducted. This paper employs Bibliomagika 2.2, OpenRefine, R Output, IIPMaps and VOSviewer to screen, clean, analyse and report relevant and ethical data.

Based on the bibliometric analysis, we identified and revealed the subsequent publication trends, Lotka’s law and Price’s law authorship distribution patterns, the most active countries and thematic analysis of highly cited documents. We further integrate thematic analysis that emerged in highly cited documents with co-occurrence analyses of author keywords in the literature on teachers’ effectiveness research. However, the findings contradict the traditional distribution of Lotka’s law and Price’s law.

This finding has a notable limitation as it only covers 10 years of Scopus database data and predominantly focuses on English-language documents. Furthermore, this study does not thoroughly examine contextual factors influencing these trends, such as educational policy, technological progress and COVID-19 endemic repercussions. Finally, it should be emphasised that the analysis of trends extracted in Scopus cannot be generalised as the study relies heavily on citation metrics, which vary significantly across disciplines, leading to potential biases in evaluating teacher effectiveness studies, particularly those with an interdisciplinary nature.

This study provides readers with an in-depth analysis and understanding of the development of teacher effectiveness research with Lotka’s law and Price’s law. It also highlights recommendations for future research directions to ensure its sustainability, survival and expansion in the coming decades align with the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation's (UNESCO’s) Sustainable Development Goal 4 of quality education.

This research aims to determine the levels of education quality (EQ), technology usage (TU), students' satisfaction (SS) and the impact of EQ on SS. Also, it seeks to find out how TU as a moderator affects EQ and SS in Pakistani private higher education institutions (HEIs).

A total of 440 postgraduate students at eleven private universities in Lahore, Punjab Province, Pakistan, participated in empirical research and data were obtained through the use of an online questionnaire. Simple random sampling was used to choose participants and partial least square structural equation modeling was employed to analyze the data.

The findings revealed that Pakistani private HEIs have a medium level of EQ, TU and SS. Furthermore, the data reveal the existence of a significant positive relationship between EQ and SS, whereas TU as a moderator was found to negatively affect EQ and SS.

Postgraduate students of private HEIs in Pakistan were considered for this investigation and this study was limited to testing only in Punjab province. Another limitation of this study is that it was based on a research framework from previous research and literature. This study employed questionnaire surveys to conduct evaluations of teachers' teaching quality by university students. Furthermore, the questionnaire employed student self-evaluations to assess the quality of teaching. The research data would be more detailed if it were possible to include teachers' self-evaluations of their teaching quality.

The current study provides key insights for policymakers, higher education commission and HEIs. The results suggest leveraging the identified medium levels of EQ, TU and student satisfaction in Pakistani private HEIs. In an effort to boost the medium levels, policymakers are encouraged to enhance the teaching and learning experience by robustly integrating Web 4.0 technologies. Institutions can intervene strategically by investing in infrastructure and innovative tools aligned with students' technological needs. Likewise, policymakers and institutions can optimize learning management systems (LMS) by developing and implementing policies that encourage their adoption and optimization across HEIs. This may contribute to the accomplishment of the United Nations' sustainable development goal of providing quality education. Moreover, with the help of this research HEIs can establish minimum quality standards regarding academic teaching and learning materials. Implementing the above-mentioned practical implications might boost student satisfaction in HEIs which would benefit not only students but also the institutions.

The novelty of the article lies in the fact that it addresses the gap in the existing literature by exploring the levels of EQ, TU and student satisfaction in the context of private higher education in Pakistan. Furthermore, this study investigated whether TU served as a moderator in the relationship between student satisfaction and UNESCO-recommended EQ. This study elaborates on EQ indicators recommended by UNESCO in Pakistan’s private higher education sector.

The purpose of this paper is to identify the gaps between the importance perceived and the competence gained by the hospitality students in terms of the employability skills.

Questionnaires were distributed to 841 hospitality students in five regions in Malaysia. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data.

The findings show that there are significant differences between importance perceived and competence attained in teamwork, leadership, basic, technical skills and ethical skills. Additionally, the finding of this study indicates that the culinary and bakery students perceive that they are not given adequate exposure to possess such skills. It is important to ensure that graduates are equipped with the twenty-first century skills such as problem solving and analytic, decision making, organization and time management, risk taking and communication.

The findings provide insights to curriculum developers and policy makers on the appropriate interventions that need to be taken to improve the employability skills of the graduates.

An original contribution is made by linking employability model to TVET sector.