The global financial and economic crises have accelerated the rise of emerging markets in the global economy. In fact, the BRICs (i.e., Brazil, Russia, India, and China) have…
Abstract
The global financial and economic crises have accelerated the rise of emerging markets in the global economy. In fact, the BRICs (i.e., Brazil, Russia, India, and China) have become the engine of global economic growth in the past two years when the developed economies were struggling to regain their growth. China became the largest exporter in the world in 2009 and has just overtaken Japan in mid-2010 to become the second largest economy in the world. India has made huge stride in attracting MNCs' investment and is poised to become the main destination of business process outsourcing. Brazil has regained its confidence as the largest economy in South America and as a major economy in the world. After struggling in the face of oil price collapse in 2008, Russia is back on track with robust growth, thanks to the rebound of oil price. Even outside the BRICs, many developing economies are doing very well. For example, Turkey, Vietnam, Indonesia, Thailand, Argentina, and several African countries have seen their growth rates surpassing 5% per year for several years. There seems to be a fast shift of global economic power to the developing world, especially to the BRICs.
China represents around 20% of the world's population, and her economy is still performing well under economic crisis. Historical events have shaped different parts of China with…
Abstract
China represents around 20% of the world's population, and her economy is still performing well under economic crisis. Historical events have shaped different parts of China with different economic developments and cultural encounters. The most prominent difference is between Hong Kong and the Mainland. This chapter would like to examine the development and issues of fashion retailing in China. For better understanding, this chapter starts with a brief discussion on apparel industry development and fashion culture in Hong Kong and the Mainland, follows by historical development and then presents systems of fashion retailing in both Hong Kong and the Mainland. Desktop research and exploratory research techniques were employed. Stores of international fashion luxury brands in Hong Kong, Shanghai and Beijing were visited. Comparison of branding issues, particularly for luxury market in Hong Kong and the Mainland are discussed, so are future directions of fashion retailing in these places.
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Hao Zhang, Eunju Ko and Charles R. Taylor
This study focuses on the relationship between innovation and customer equity drivers and the moderating effect of advertising appeals on this relationship. First, the authors…
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This study focuses on the relationship between innovation and customer equity drivers and the moderating effect of advertising appeals on this relationship. First, the authors divided innovation into incremental innovation and radical innovation, and explained the influences of each type of innovation on drivers of customer equity based on literature review. Second, the authors tested the conceptual model using structural equation modeling find out the effects of innovation. Third, the authors also tested the effect of advertising appeal using moderating regression. The results indicate that both incremental innovation and radical innovation can positively influence value equity, relationship equity, and brand equity. Functional advertising appeal is more useful than emotional advertising appeal for radical innovation. On the contrary, emotional advertising appeal is more useful than functional advertising appeal for incremental innovation.
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Khutula Sibanda, Ronel Erwee and Eric Ng
This study identifies key variables that contribute most to the discrimination between firms with high export performance levels and those with low export performance levels. Data…
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This study identifies key variables that contribute most to the discrimination between firms with high export performance levels and those with low export performance levels. Data were collected through a structured multi-item questionnaire involving a randomly selected sample of 105 exporting firms. Discriminant analysis was used to identify the key discriminating variables. Exporters with high-performance levels differed significantly from those with low levels. Strategy implementation, experience in international business and training, economic factors, size of the firm, cultural factors, strategic orientation, education, and political/legal factors, listed in order of importance, were identified as key discriminators between the two types of firms.
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Yonggui Wang, Shenghui An and Peng Luo
Through comparative analysis, this study attempts to uncover the differences and similarities among transnational company (TNC) investments in various host countries. After…
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Through comparative analysis, this study attempts to uncover the differences and similarities among transnational company (TNC) investments in various host countries. After empirically analyzing the panel data collected from the US and Japanese TNCs' foreign R&D investments, it looks into the influences of the host countries' economies, technologies, and institutional factors on absorbing TNCs' foreign R&D investment from different countries. The host countries' market size and potential are still the main influencing factors in making the choice. The US TNCs focus mainly on host countries' scientific and technological capabilities and potentials, whereas those of Japan are concentrated more on the scientific and technological capabilities and personnel, so as to improve R&D. Moreover, the US TNCs show more attention to host countries' intellectual property protection than do those from Japan.