Hui-Ling Wendy Pan and Wen-Yan Chen
The importance of teacher leadership in enhancing school outcomes is recognized, but there remains a scarcity of research addressing the conditions for principals to nurture such…
Abstract
Purpose
The importance of teacher leadership in enhancing school outcomes is recognized, but there remains a scarcity of research addressing the conditions for principals to nurture such leadership. This study examined how school contextual factors, i.e. faculty trust and academic emphasis, moderate the impact of principals' distributed leadership lon teacher leadership.
Design/methodology/approach
A nationwide survey was conducted among junior high school teachers in Taiwan. The sample encompassed schools from different geographical regions and sizes, yielding a total of 1,340 valid responses. Hierarchical regression analyses were employed to analyze the potential moderating effects of interest.
Findings
There were interactive effects of principals' distributed leadership and school contextual factors on teachers' adoption of leadership roles. The impact of principals' distributed leadership on teacher leadership was amplified in environments marked by elevated levels of trust relations and reduced academic emphasis.
Practical implications
This study uncovers the critical prerequisites principals must address to cultivate teacher leadership. To effectively encourage heightened teacher engagement in leadership, principals must place a premium on nurturing trusting relations with their teaching staff and acknowledge that the influence of their leadership might be lessened in an environment where credentialism holds sway.
Originality/value
The exploration into faculty trust and academic emphasis yields insights into the conducive conditions for principals to foster teacher leadership. The identified attenuating impact of academic emphasis on principal effect within an Asian societal context highlights its significance not only as an organizational property but also as a manifestation of national cultural values.
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Hui-Ling Wendy Pan, Jui-Hsuan Hung and Huilin Bai
Learning power is crucial in today's rapidly changing world, yet its application to teachers is under-explored. This study delved into the investigation of teacher learning power…
Abstract
Purpose
Learning power is crucial in today's rapidly changing world, yet its application to teachers is under-explored. This study delved into the investigation of teacher learning power and examined how it matters in the relationship between teachers' experiences in lesson study and the adoption of constructivist pedagogy.
Design/methodology/approach
A cross-sectional survey of 226 elementary, junior high, and senior high school teachers in Taiwan was conducted, and the results were analyzed using structural equation modeling.
Findings
The findings suggest that both participation in lesson study and teacher learning power were positively associated with the practice of constructivist pedagogy. Moreover, teacher learning power partially mediated the relationship between lesson study and constructivist pedagogy.
Originality/value
By incorporating the concept of teacher learning power and performing a mediation analysis to understand how it matters, this study has added to the expanding collection of works on lesson study explored from different perspectives and in various contexts.
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Shih-Wei Chou, Ming-Chia Hsieh and Hui-Chun Pan
This study aims to understand how information-sharing in live-streaming is formed through a motivational perspective. The authors provide a framework to explain how live-streaming…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to understand how information-sharing in live-streaming is formed through a motivational perspective. The authors provide a framework to explain how live-streaming services and attachment affect viewers' information-sharing decision.
Design/methodology/approach
This study uses a survey-based method to collect data and partial least squares to analyze them.
Findings
The proposed hypotheses are largely supported. The results show that information-sharing intention is influenced by both attachment to a creator and attachment to a group. These attachments are positively affected by live-streaming services. The findings contribute to live-streaming literature by conceptualizing motivation and motivational feedback as service and attachment respectively.
Practical implications
The findings suggest that live-streaming managers emphasize social-technical features and relationship development with others (creators, group members) to motivate viewers' participation in live-streaming.
Originality/value
This study addresses the gap of lacking a systematic consideration of motivation in the live-streaming context. As such, the authors conducted empirical research that describes the information-sharing through the motivation from service and feedback from attachment.
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Hui-Ling Wendy Pan, Fong-Yee Nyeu and Shu-Huei Cheng
The purpose of this paper is to discuss how principals in Taiwan lead student and teacher learning at a time of leadership and learning paradigm shifts and the imminent…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss how principals in Taiwan lead student and teacher learning at a time of leadership and learning paradigm shifts and the imminent implementation of the curriculum guideline for 12-year basic education.
Design/methodology/approach
This study interviewed 32 elementary and junior high school principals purposively sampled based on reputation and recommendation from senior principals and government officials.
Findings
As a society which values credentialism, principals in Taiwan face challenges in executing the vision of educating student as a whole person. The authors discuss how principals are solidifying whole person education as the espoused value, how they are enforcing school-based curriculum and effective instruction, and encouraging teacher professional learning. Principals are sharing power by recruiting stakeholders’ participation in guiding school development and enacting distributed leadership, while also building relationship as social capital and soliciting support from the community to establish the conditions to improve teaching and learning.
Research limitations/implications
This paper highlights how principal practices are evolving in a time of changing conception of learning from academic achievement to multiple competencies and the shifting paradigm of power from participatory decision making to distributed leadership. This paper ends with a discussion on how leadership for learning (LfL) as a community engagement has emerged.
Practical implications
With the shifting of the concept and paradigm of learning, principals in a high power distance society like Taiwan are now facing opportunities as well as challenges to lead teachers to engaging students in inquiry and collaboration.
Originality/value
This paper highlights the indigenous practices of principal LfL in a high-performing East Asian education system in a time of changing notions of learning and leadership.
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Ge Gao, Yaobin Li, Hui Pan, Limin Chen and Zhenyu Liu
The purpose of this paper is to provide an effective members-adding method for truss topology optimization in plastic design.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide an effective members-adding method for truss topology optimization in plastic design.
Design/methodology/approach
With the help of the distribution of principal stress trajectories, obtained by finite element analysis of the design domain, ineffective zones for force transmission paths can be found, namely, areas whose nodes may have ersatz nodal displacements. Members connected by these nodes are eliminated and the reduced ground structure is used for optimization. Adding members in short to long order and limiting the number of members properly with the most strained ones added, large-scale truss problems in one load case and multiple-load cases are optimized.
Findings
Inefficient members (i.e. bars that fulfil the adding criterion but make no contribution to the optimal structure) added to the ground structure in each iterative step are reduced. Fewer members are used for optimization than before; therefore, faster solution convergence and less computation time are achieved with the optimized result unchanged.
Originality/value
The proposed members-adding method in the paper can alleviate the phenomenon of ersatz nodal displacements, enhance computational efficiency and save calculating resources effectively.
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Hui-Ling Wendy Pan, Fong-Yee Nyeu and June S. Chen
The purpose of this paper is to examine how instructional leadership, a concept imported from Western scholarship, has been conceptualized in the Taiwanese context and how…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine how instructional leadership, a concept imported from Western scholarship, has been conceptualized in the Taiwanese context and how principal instructional leadership is realized in schools. The development trajectory of principal instructional leadership is delineated by examining empirical studies in the past two decades.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper adopts an exploratory approach to review the Taiwanese empirical literature on principal instructional leadership. A total of 80 studies were systematically analyzed and common themes were identified.
Findings
This paper finds that a hybrid model of the conceptualization of instructional leadership has been developed in Taiwan. Principals performed more indirect than direct leadership behaviors. A gap exists between the ideal instructional leader and the reality.
Research limitations/implications
The development of a formal theory of instructional leadership is expected as various substantive theories are developed and more data are accumulated. To yield the desired outcome of knowledge acceleration, the coordination of research efforts across scholars and institutions is a must.
Practical implications
The articles reviewed suggest less effort spent by principals on the teachers. Yet with a national promotion of teacher learning community, as well as cooperative and collaborative learning in recent years, principal instructional leadership behaviors are expected to rise in terms of ensuring instruction quality and professional development.
Originality/value
This paper is an attempt to accumulate knowledge about principal instructional leadership in Taiwan. It is a contribution to the exploration of indigenous perspectives and practices and the understanding and building of educational leadership in Asia.
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Hui Pan, Na Li Wang and Yin Shi Qin
The purpose of this paper is to propose a method that calibrates the hand-eye relationship for eye-to-hand configuration and afterwards a rectification to improve the accuracy of…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose a method that calibrates the hand-eye relationship for eye-to-hand configuration and afterwards a rectification to improve the accuracy of general calibration.
Design/methodology/approach
The hand-eye calibration of eye-to-hand configuration is summarized as a equation AX = XB which is the same as in eye-in-hand calibration. A closed-form solution is derived. To abate the impact of noise, a rectification is conducted after the general calibration.
Findings
Simulation and actual experiments confirm that the accuracy of calibration is obviously improved.
Originality/value
Only a calibration plane is required for the hand-eye calibration. Taking the impact of noise into account, a rectification is carried out after the general calibration and, as a result, that the accuracy is obviously improved. The method can be applied in many actual applications.
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Qilong Feng and Patrick Chi-leung Hui
The purpose of this study was to explore the determinant factors of the adaptive clothing market for disabled customers and to identify the influential elements in the fashion…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to explore the determinant factors of the adaptive clothing market for disabled customers and to identify the influential elements in the fashion industry, with the aim of establishing the influential factors that drive the adaptive apparel business in the local market. The study developed a path model of relationships incorporating the disabled consumer background, consumer purchase intention and demand and elements of the fashion industry. This model can be used as a reference for fashion practitioners.
Design/methodology/approach
A quantitative approach was adopted for this empirical study. A survey was designed to investigate the connections between the consumer-related and industry-related variables. A set of measurements was developed and validated for the survey. The data were collected from a sample of 175 local wheelchair users, with a response rate of approximately 6.6 per cent. The data were analysed using SmartPLS, and structural equation model analysis was applied to identify the relationships between the variables.
Findings
The results of this study demonstrated that consumer purchase intention for adaptive apparel was affected closely by environmental factors, and consumer demand was significantly related to industry aspects including the product complexity and the business operations along with all elements of the industrial practice. The findings also revealed that the disability level was related to the users' purchase intentions, but the financial capability of the disabled consumers did not affect the intention to purchase adaptive clothes products. These results could suggest that economic issues are not the consumer's prior concern when purchasing apparel, but rather the disability condition. Those who demand adaptive apparel require advanced performance levels of product design, technology application and service.
Originality/value
The study originated from the situation that the Hong Kong fashion market lacks an adaptive market specifically for the minority group of disabled consumers. Why such a niche market has not been developed is unclear to the practitioners. It is necessary to investigate from both consumer-related and industry-related factors. Specifically, the research explored the consumer background and industry elements to identify the factors that influence disabled consumers to purchase apparel, in order to inform fashion practitioners who are interested in the niche market of disabled consumers in Hong Kong. It is anticipated that the determinants of adaptive market development can be extended to wider areas of the Chinese or other Asian markets.
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Xiao‐song Zhang, Ting Chen, Chun‐xiang Xu, Xiao‐hui Pan and Xue‐yang Wu
Nowadays, proactive P2P worm (PRWORM) poses a latent threat to internet infrastructure and common users for the fatal vulnerabilities in homogeneous P2P software. It is more…
Abstract
Purpose
Nowadays, proactive P2P worm (PRWORM) poses a latent threat to internet infrastructure and common users for the fatal vulnerabilities in homogeneous P2P software. It is more difficult to contain PRWORM because of its fast spread speed. Current techniques are not adequate to quarantine PRWORM, mainly because of their inaccuracy and slow response to attacks. The purpose of this paper is to propose an accurate and real‐time approach for PRWORM containment.
Design/methodology/approach
First, the authors present a new methodology to contain PRWORM via proper authentication of initiators of P2P communications. Second, three simple network protocols are proposed to fulfill automatic authentication.
Findings
Both simulations and strictly mathematical proof by Strand Space Model represent that the authors' work is able to accurately quarantine PRWORM in real time. Furthermore, proof shows the three network protocols are resistant to popular attacks such as man‐in‐the‐middle attack and replay attack.
Originality/value
First, the authors propose an authentication based method to contain proactive P2P worm and second, use strand space model to proof the effectiveness and security of the method.
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Jianbin Xiong, Jinji Nie and Jiehao Li
This paper primarily aims to focus on a review of convolutional neural network (CNN)-based eye control systems. The performance of CNNs in big data has led to the development of…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper primarily aims to focus on a review of convolutional neural network (CNN)-based eye control systems. The performance of CNNs in big data has led to the development of eye control systems. Therefore, a review of eye control systems based on CNNs is helpful for future research.
Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, first, it covers the fundamentals of the eye control system as well as the fundamentals of CNNs. Second, the standard CNN model and the target detection model are summarized. The eye control system’s CNN gaze estimation approach and model are next described and summarized. Finally, the progress of the gaze estimation of the eye control system is discussed and anticipated.
Findings
The eye control system accomplishes the control effect using gaze estimation technology, which focuses on the features and information of the eyeball, eye movement and gaze, among other things. The traditional eye control system adopts pupil monitoring, pupil positioning, Hough algorithm and other methods. This study will focus on a CNN-based eye control system. First of all, the authors present the CNN model, which is effective in image identification, target detection and tracking. Furthermore, the CNN-based eye control system is separated into three categories: semantic information, monocular/binocular and full-face. Finally, three challenges linked to the development of an eye control system based on a CNN are discussed, along with possible solutions.
Originality/value
This research can provide theoretical and engineering basis for the eye control system platform. In addition, it also summarizes the ideas of predecessors to support the development of future research.