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Article
Publication date: 13 February 2023

SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi, Behnam Farhoudi, Elnaz Shahmohamadi, Mehrnaz Rasoolinejad, Maliheh Hasannezhad, Mohammad Rasool Rashidi, Omid Dadras, Ali Moradi, Zohal Parmoon, Hooman Ebrahimi and Ali Asadollahi-Amin

Hepatitis C is one of the major health issues in both developed and developing countries. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is more common in prisoners than in the general…

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Abstract

Purpose

Hepatitis C is one of the major health issues in both developed and developing countries. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is more common in prisoners than in the general population. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of HCV and its associated risk factors in Iranian male prisoners in Tehran.

Design/methodology/approach

In this cross-sectional study, the authors investigated the frequency and risk factors of hepatitis C infection among male prisoners in the Great Tehran Prison. Information on risk factors including the length of imprisonment, previous history of imprisonment, history of drug injection, history of tattooing, history of piercing, history of high-risk sex and family history of hepatitis C were extracted from patients’ records. To evaluate HCV status, blood samples were collected and tested.

Findings

In this study, 179 participants were included. Nine participants (5.0%, 95% CI, 2.3-9.3) were positive for hepatitis C. HCV infection was not significantly associated with age, marital status, education, previous history of imprisonment, length of imprisonment, piercing and high-risk sex; however, there was a significant association between a history of tattooing and a history of injecting drug use and Hepatitis C.

Originality/value

The prevalence of hepatitis C among male prisoners in Great Tehran Prison was 5% in this study, similar to recent studies on prisoners in Tehran. A history of drug injections as well as tattooing were the most important risk factors for hepatitis C in male prisoners.

Details

International Journal of Prisoner Health, vol. 19 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1744-9200

Keywords

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Article
Publication date: 9 May 2020

A. Roja, B.J. Gireesha and B.C. Prasannakumara

Miniaturization with high thermal performance and lower cost is one of the advanced developments in industrial science chemical and engineering fields including microheat…

144

Abstract

Purpose

Miniaturization with high thermal performance and lower cost is one of the advanced developments in industrial science chemical and engineering fields including microheat exchangers, micro mixers, micropumps, cooling microelectro mechanical devices, etc. In addition to this, the minimization of the entropy is the utilization of the energy of thermal devices. Based on this, in the present investigation, micropolar nanofluid flow through an inclined channel under the impacts of viscous dissipation and mixed convection with velocity slip and temperature jump has been numerically studied. Also the influence of magnetism and radiative heat flux is used.

Design/methodology/approach

The nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations are obtained by applying suitable dimensionless variables to the governing equations, and then the Runge–Kutta–Felhberg integration scheme is used to find the solution of velocity and temperature. Entropy generation and Bejan number are calculated via using these solutions.

Findings

It is established to notice that the entropy generation can be improved with the aspects of viscous dissipation, magnetism and radiative heat flux. The roles of angle of inclination (α), Eckert number (Ec), Reynolds number (Re), thermal radiation (Rd), material parameter (K),  slip parameter (δ), microinertial parameter (aj), magnetic parameter (M), Grashof number (Gr) and pressure gradient parameter (A) are demonstrated. It is found that the angle of inclination and Grashof number enhances the entropy production while it is diminished with material parameter and magnetic parameter.

Originality/value

Electrically conducting micropolar nanofluid flow through an inclined channel subjected to the friction irreversibility with temperature jump and velocity slip under the influence of radiative heat flux has been numerically investigated.

Details

Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures, vol. 16 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1573-6105

Keywords

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Article
Publication date: 13 September 2021

Gholamreza Imani and Mohsen Mozafari-Shamsi

The lattice Boltzmann simulation of fluid flow in partial porous geometries with curved porous-fluid interfaces has not been investigated yet. It is mainly because of the lack of…

109

Abstract

Purpose

The lattice Boltzmann simulation of fluid flow in partial porous geometries with curved porous-fluid interfaces has not been investigated yet. It is mainly because of the lack of a method in the lattice Boltzmann framework to model the hydrodynamic compatibility conditions at curved porous-fluid interfaces, which is required for the two-domain approach. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop such a method.

Design/methodology/approach

This research extends the non-equilibrium extrapolation lattice Boltzmann method for satisfying no-slip conditions at curved solid boundaries, to model hydrodynamic compatibility conditions at curved porous-fluid interfaces.

Findings

The proposed method is tested against the results available from conventional numerical methods via the problem of fluid flow through and around a porous circular cylinder in crossflow. As such, streamlines, geometrical characteristics of recirculating wakes and drag coefficient are validated for different Reynolds (5 ≤ Re ≤ 40) and Darcy (10−5Da ≤ 5 × 10−1) numbers. It is also shown that without applying any compatibility conditions at the interface, the predicted flow structure is not satisfactory, even for a very fine mesh. This result highlights the importance of the two-domain approach for lattice Boltzmann simulation of the fluid flow in partial porous geometries with curved porous-fluid interfaces.

Originality/value

No research is found in the literature for applying the hydrodynamic compatibility conditions at curved porous-fluid interfaces in the lattice Boltzmann framework.

Details

International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow, vol. 32 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0961-5539

Keywords

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Article
Publication date: 27 May 2014

Roya Molaei, Mohammad Reza Zali, Mohhammad Hasan Mobaraki and Jahngir Yadollahi Farsi

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of entrepreneurial idea dimensions (the value, content, number and novelty of idea) along with intuitive cognitive style…

5389

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of entrepreneurial idea dimensions (the value, content, number and novelty of idea) along with intuitive cognitive style versus an analytical style on students' entrepreneurial intention.

Design/methodology/approach

To evaluate these relationships, the data are obtained from an extensive survey of 376 undergraduate students of campuses of Behavioral Sciences and Engineering at University of Teheran. The data are analyzed by the methodology of structural equation modeling (SEM) with using LISREL software and SPSS.

Findings

According to the SEM results, for students with intuitive cognitive style, among the four dimensions of entrepreneurial idea (i.e. idea's content, volume, value, and novelty), the greatest direct effect belongs to the idea volume and idea content. Further, for the students with analytical cognitive style, the idea volume and the idea value have the maximum direct impacts on their entrepreneurial intention meanwhile the least direct effect belongs to the idea novelty. In general, entrepreneurial intention of the students, in both groups of intuitive and analytical cognitive styles, is highly influenced by the volume of their entrepreneurial ideas. Therefore, the ideas volume is the most important factor to start up a new business in future by potential entrepreneurs all with analytical or intuitive cognitive styles.

Practical implications

It is recommended that entrepreneurship and business students who are attending entrepreneurship and business skills training courses should be categorized into two distinct groups of intuitive and analytical. For the group of students with intuitive cognitive style, an entrepreneurship training with systematic views and a method of establishing and reinforcing positive and stable emotions should be offered. For those with analytical cognitive style, trainings for “designing and writing Business Model and Plan”, “Opportunity recognition and feasibility study” and its related soft wares should be presented. Accordingly, in order to create and increase the entrepreneurial ideas number among all students, it is suggested that a course entitled “Entrepreneurial Idea Generation” be offered in Entrepreneurship Education Programs at undergraduate and graduate levels.

Originality/value

The paper is one of the first papers to clarify and empirically assess the effects of entrepreneurial ideas dimensions on entrepreneurial intention considering the subjects' cognitive style as a mediating variable.

Details

Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, vol. 6 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2053-4604

Keywords

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