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The purpose of this paper is to carry out laboratory studies of the inhibition effect of tyrosine (Tyr) on the corrosion of low chromium alloy steel (ASTM A213 grade T22) in 7 wt percent sulfamic acid solutions.

The corrosion inhibitive effect of Tyr was investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and the new technique electrochemical frequency modulation (EFM).

It was found that the inhibition efficiency increased with increasing inhibitor concentration, while a decrease was detected with the rise of temperature and stirring speed. The corrosion inhibition is due to physical adsorption of Tyr on the steel surface. Adsorption of the inhibitor molecule, onto the steel surface follows the Temkin's adsorption isotherm.

The obtained results from both methods (EIS and EFM) at different experimental conditions were in high agreement and almost similar. This is an indication that the EFM technique can be used efficiently for monitoring the corrosion inhibition under the studied conditions.

The purpose of this paper is to draw a map of the general features of epistemological and critical concerns in contemporary Islamic philosophy. This study will not be confined to the domain of academic philosophy or to those who are professionals in the field of philosophy.

The paper adopted the critical rational approach in dealing with contemporary Islamic philosophy in the Arab world. The scope will include scholars from different fields of epistemology who tried to present a “vision” of the attitude that should be adopted in facing the challenges of the age and the problems of the nation on the epistemological level or the political, economic and social levels.

There is a need for a philosophy of action and progress rather than a philosophy that is based on abstract ideas and theories and of words/rhetoric. The ethics required to accomplish this ought to identify the attributes of the citizen who can reach self-actualization through legitimate means based on a progress agenda with theoretical and philosophical foundations.

Because a critical rational approach can be dealt with from different perspectives, this paper will adopt the classification of the principal intellectual trends: the reformist, secular and liberal.

This paper covers a long time span to determine whether the philosophical projects have been effective.

This paper, which criticizes the philosophic projects that are theoretically unsound and that do not address real social problems (like poverty), argues the need for a philosophy of progress and action. This will lead to devising an agenda that addresses the challenges the society is facing and to finding alternative and creative solutions resulting in development.