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A Catastrophe Theory Model modified for the explanation of the evolution/revolution of behavior in the securities market can be classified in the realm of behavioral finance. An early model of the Cusp Catastrophe Model modified to explain speculative crashes appeared in Zeeman (1976, 1977). Later, Pruden expanded upon Zeeman’s use of the Cusp Model version of Catastrophe Theory to allow for “buying stampedes” as well as “selling panics”. Pruden also established connections between the Cusp Catastrophe Model and technical market analysis. Whereas the Catastrophe Theory Model, like other models from the behavioral sciences, provides a positive scientific theory as to the “why” of behavior in the stock market, technical market analysis furnishes a nominal theory of rules and principles about “how” a trader or investor may profit from the behavior observed in the stock market. Hence, the presupposition is that behavioral science models that explain the stock market behavior provide solid scientific foundations upon which to base the principles and practices of technical market analysis.

The ascendancy of vertical marketing structures as total systems has brought about considerable interest in designing distribution systems. Various administered and co‐operative alignments have been successful in the marketplace by enabling lower total costs through central buying practices and by producing a more predictable demand pattern. As these planned systems begin to create de facto competition among individual firms, the need for methods of discovering optimal vertical arrangements will increase. One method of finding optimal arrangements of interacting phenomena is by modelling—and linear programming techniques have been found to be particularly useful. The transportation problem or distribution model was one of the first applied special cases of linear programming. Mathematical solutions to this “special case” of linear programming began appearing in the literature during World War II. Since that time, the management science literature has been replete with significant contributions in the transportation area such as those of Hitchcock, Dantzig, Chames and Cooper, and Orden.

The purpose of this paper is to establish a supported and validated reference point for understanding how Nicodemus, Kansas warrants significant inclusion in both the history of management and current entrepreneurship education.

This paper consists of a literature review to identify the salient historical and theoretical importance of the community of Nicodemus, Kansas. The research was conducted by reviewing and couching the research in this context.

Nicodemus, born out of an entrepreneurial spirit of newly liberated Black Americans, is the surviving entrepreneurial force for the African-American efforts in the western US expansion efforts in the later 1800s. The community, courage and cooperative views of the settlers were instrumental in overcoming a variety of hardships inherent in the location, society and time period to not only survive but also deliver growth and success. Nicodemus personified cultural pride and self-reliance, which fueled personal and commercial success.

The cooperative advantage is justified to be included in discussions of American management history, taught in the entrepreneurship curriculum and used by practitioners.

Collective courage and cooperative advantage used by Nicodemus carries implications for how modern Black communities can advance their economic and social agendas.

Coverage of Black contributions management and entrepreneurship is scant, but a Black Enlightenment period has recently changed that scholars have recently begun to cover these significant moments in the literature (Prieto and Phipps, 2019). We argue that Nicodemus as an entrepreneurial community serves as a case study that needs contextualization in this Black Enlightenment era and holds pertinent implications for modern Black communities.

Under this heading are published regularly abstracts of all Reports and Memoranda of the Aeronautical Research Council, Reports and Technical Notes of the United States National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics and publications of other similar Research Bodies as issued

President Bill Clinton has had many opponents and enemies, most of whom come from the political right wing. Clinton supporters contend that these opponents, throughout the Clinton presidency, systematically have sought to undermine this president with the goal of bringing down his presidency and running him out of office; and that they have sought non‐electoral means to remove him from office, including Travelgate, the death of Deputy White House Counsel Vincent Foster, the Filegate controversy, and the Monica Lewinsky matter. This bibliography identifies these and other means by presenting citations about these individuals and organizations that have opposed Clinton. The bibliography is divided into five sections: General; “The conspiracy stream of conspiracy commerce”, a White House‐produced “report” presenting its view of a right‐wing conspiracy against the Clinton presidency; Funding; Conservative organizations; and Publishing/media. Many of the annotations note the links among these key players.

A new financial regulator has been proposed for Ireland. There is little debate about the principle of a single financial regulator but considerable debate as to whether the Central Bank should retain this role or whether a new body should be established. This paper considers this issue in the context of recent controversies relating to tax evasion through use of the banking system which have highlighted some of the difficulties arising from the role of the Central Bank as both a conduct of business regulator and prudential/systemic regulator. The paper concludes that in the context of Ireland's membership of the euro the main function of the financial regulator is to focus on conduct of business issues and this is most likely to be achieved within a new institution.

I. Introduction In their recent pastoral letter, the Catholic bishops of this country have reputedly taken a new approach in rooting their moral imperatives in the Bible. As opposed to the established, official convention of “proof‐texting”, the US bishops focus on certain biblical themes which presumably “speak to” contemporary issues and problems. Chief among these is the so‐called “preferential option for the poor”, which is attributed to both the Old and New Testaments and early Church (Christianity).

Several recent developments (notably, the breakdown of traditional distinctions between different types of financial activity, the globalisation of financial markets and increasing emphasis on systemic stability as a regulatory objective) have prompted policy‐makers to search for an ‘optimum’ regulatory structure that is adapted to the new market environment. Further impetus has been given to this debate by the radical overhaul of regulatory structures, along quite different lines in Australia, the UK and Japan, and the ongoing deliberations within the US Congress over structured financial reform. This paper examines alternative ways of organising the regulatory function in the context of the new financial market environment. The first section reviews the objectives, targets and techniques of regulation. The second section describes the new market environment and the restructuring of the financial services industry. The third section assesses the implications of this new environment for the structure of regulation. The fourth section addresses the international dimension. The final section provides a summary and conclusion. The paper is based on a presentation made at the World Bank Conference, El Salvador, June 1998.

This paper presents an integrated regulatory model to protect depositors in the event of a retail financial institution run or failure. In Australia, many of the factors included in this model are either not in existence, or if in existence have not been fully implemented. A review of regulatory arrangements for retail financial institutions in Australia is warranted in the light of these deficiencies.