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Article
Publication date: 3 June 2014

Ann-Kristina Løkke and Henning Madsen

– The purpose of this paper is to identify the determinants of perceived work-related stress among public sector managers.

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to identify the determinants of perceived work-related stress among public sector managers.

Design/methodology/approach

A general questionnaire-based survey of managers at all managerial levels in Danish organizations concerning the content of their job and the way it is practiced (n=1,500, response rate 72 per cent) are applied. For the purpose of this paper only specific information related to the perception of work stress among public sector managers is analyzed (n=400).

Findings

The perception of stress are influenced by factors like gender, managerial level, work load, the influence on own job situation, if they have children living at home as well as the percentage of work-at-home.

Research limitations/implications

In a general survey work stress is one among a larger number of issues. This fact may influence the validity of the information – in a positive as well as a negative way. However, the findings point to issues which call for more in-depth analyses.

Practical implications

The identified significant determinants influencing the perception of stress point to issues where preventive initiatives can be taken.

Social implications

Since work-related stress may cause absence from work it may influence production and the health system. If preventive measures can be taken a positive impact on the economy may be the result.

Originality/value

Work-related stress has been studied before. But little focus has been given to the public sector and especially managers. Furthermore, including a variety of potential explanatory determinants such a work-life balance, psycho-social work characteristics, gender and managerial level – as well as the potential interaction between them – give a detailed platform for the analyses.

Details

International Journal of Workplace Health Management, vol. 7 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1753-8351

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Article
Publication date: 20 March 2007

Christian Waldstrøm and Henning Madsen

This study seeks to investigate whether there are gender differences in the importance placed on two types of network support among managers in organisations. Prior research…

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Abstract

Purpose

This study seeks to investigate whether there are gender differences in the importance placed on two types of network support among managers in organisations. Prior research indicates that it can be expected that female managers will not have their social contact needs satisfied to the same extent as their male colleagues and that female managers do not regard their nearest colleagues as friends to the same extent as male managers.

Design/methodology/approach

Large scale survey of managers in Denmark.

Findings

The first hypothesis is neither supported nor rejected, since the gender differences are strongly influenced by age, when controlling for sector, marital status, and children living at home. While male managers tend to see their colleagues more as friends, the older they are, the reverse is true of female managers. The second hypothesis is clearly rejected, since no gender differences are found.

Originality/value

The paper identifies the crucial role of age in the gender differences in perception of social support, offering a new interpretation of female managers' use of workplace networks.

Details

Women in Management Review, vol. 22 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0964-9425

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Article
Publication date: 1 March 2001

Henning Madsen and John P. Ulhøi

The education and training of the workforce has long been recognised as an essential ingredient in promoting and implementing environmental management practices in business…

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Abstract

The education and training of the workforce has long been recognised as an essential ingredient in promoting and implementing environmental management practices in business organisations. So far, however, even in leading companies, little information has been available on how environmental management practice and related educational and training requirements are translated into the provision of training courses by educational institutions. To address this important question an EU‐sponsored research project was initiated. The project has focused on senior environmental managers; middle (predominantly technical) managers; and skilled and semi‐skilled workers and lower categories of managers. It has been based partly on interviews in a small number of European companies as well as educational and training institutions, and partly on more large‐scale questionnaire surveys. This paper briefly describes the background of the overall project, and in more detail a questionnaire‐based survey on environmental attitudes and training interests among Danish workers.

Details

Industrial Management & Data Systems, vol. 101 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0263-5577

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Article
Publication date: 1 December 2003

Henning Madsen, Helle Neergaard and John P. Ulhøi

This paper discusses human capital in connection with the entrepreneurial processes in knowledge‐based new ventures. Until recently, research on the founding of new ventures has…

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Abstract

This paper discusses human capital in connection with the entrepreneurial processes in knowledge‐based new ventures. Until recently, research on the founding of new ventures has focused mainly on the personal characteristics of entrepreneurs, but this trait approach tends to underestimate the role of crucial skills. The findings of this paper suggest that it is not so much inherent personality traits that influence the foundation and growth of new ventures as previous employment and entrepreneurial experience. The longer the career path prior to founding the venture, the more experience an entrepreneur has accumulated. Age thus seems to have a positive influence on the success of a newly founded venture. Furthermore, the dimensions of human capital, experience and previous employment seem to be essential in building the networks that help secure both early and continuing finance for the ventures.

Details

Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, vol. 10 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1462-6004

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Article
Publication date: 14 March 2008

Henning Madsen, Helle Neergaard and John P. Ulhøi

The importance of entrepreneurial activities and the establishment of new ventures for economic growth and employment have long been recognized. However, the interactions of…

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Abstract

Purpose

The importance of entrepreneurial activities and the establishment of new ventures for economic growth and employment have long been recognized. However, the interactions of underlying mechanisms whihc influence this process have not been understood all that well. In the light of this, a deeper understanding of various mechanisms on which knowledge‐intensive entrepreneurship hinges is needed. This paper aims to investigate how the make‐up of financial, human and social capital impacts on entrepreneurial action.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on a longitudinal study using both structured survey and in‐depth interview techniques, this research addresses the role and importance of financial capital, human capital and social capital in the organizational genesis and early growth of entrepreneurial activities.

Findings

Financial capital remains the most critical asset in the entrepreneurial process. However, possessing the right mixture of human and social capital is often a prerequisite for accessing the best capital sources as well as sufficient capital. The value of human and social capital, however, depends largely on the industry environment.

Originality/value

The findings give weight and insight to the understanding that it is important, for policy‐makers for example, to tailor support initiatives to specific industries.

Details

International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, vol. 14 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1355-2554

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Book part
Publication date: 23 February 2022

Fritz von Nordheim and Jon Kvist

The transition from large to small working age cohorts and perpetually increasing longevity presents major challenges to pension systems around the world. In this context, the…

Abstract

The transition from large to small working age cohorts and perpetually increasing longevity presents major challenges to pension systems around the world. In this context, the Danish system has been highlighted as particularly adequate and sustainable, although often developed more as element in macro-economic and fiscal policies than pension visions and certainly enabled and bolstered through other policies, such as fixed exchange rates, debt reduction, wage restraint, employment maximation and tax reform. The combined effect of six distinctive pension policy features places Danish pensions in the super-league of national systems: (1) a generous minimum pension providing all residents with basic old age security; (2) progressive redistribution resulting from the integration of public and private pension benefits; (3) high occupational pension coverage, with sizable contributions offering immediate membership, vesting and full portability of rights; (4) the tax regime, where investment return taxation substantially reduces the fiscal pressure from tax-exempting gross income in the build-up period and deferral of income tax until benefits are paid out, secures a revenue windfall at the height of ageing; (5) the linking of pensionable ages to life expectancy, which aims to lower pension costs, increases labour supply, growth and tax revenue and (6) the regime for third pillar schemes preventing their use in tax planning. Although the Danish pension experience has its obvious peculiarities, lessons for other governments can be found in the public‒private benefit integration, the tax regime, the life expectancy indexing of pensionable ages and the use of pensions in economic policies.

Details

Public Governance in Denmark
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-80043-712-8

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Book part
Publication date: 2 August 2023

Alexandra Lysova and Kenzie Hanson

Woman's use of violence has been mainly conceptualised through woman's experiences of victimization. However, more recent perspectives emphasise the female agency, responsibility…

Abstract

Woman's use of violence has been mainly conceptualised through woman's experiences of victimization. However, more recent perspectives emphasise the female agency, responsibility and meaning of woman's violence. Listening to the voices of victims of women's abuse is a powerful way of learning about woman's use of violence and its impact on the victims. We conducted focus groups with 41 men from four countries who experienced female-perpetrated abuse. Four major types of abuse were identified: psychological abuse and coercive control followed by physical violence and sexual violence. Psychological abuse ranged from verbal assaults and gaslighting to provoking physical altercations and reporting false accusations. Patterns of control included deliberate isolation, threatening false accusations and financial domination. Men reported that women initiated physical violence for various reasons, including jealousy and rage. Some women used different objects that could seriously hurt, including knife, while others slapped, bit, punched or kicked. Several men reported female-perpetrated sexual abuse. Woman's use of violence in the intimate relationship should be treated seriously. A more gender-inclusive approach to partner abuse is required that can focus on a better prevention of abuse for all victims.

Details

The Emerald International Handbook of Feminist Perspectives on Women’s Acts of Violence
Type: Book
ISBN: 978-1-80382-255-6

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Article
Publication date: 13 September 2024

Mira Schwarz, Lara Greta Müller and Bernhard Schmitz

It is inherent in human nature to pursue a fulfilling life. The art-of-living approach provides strategies to help individuals attain higher well-being. Based on current research…

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Abstract

Purpose

It is inherent in human nature to pursue a fulfilling life. The art-of-living approach provides strategies to help individuals attain higher well-being. Based on current research approaches on the art-of-living, we aimed to develop, implement and evaluate an online training that enhances art-of-living and well-being scores of flight attendants.

Design/methodology/approach

The training focused on six art-of-living components – self-knowledge, savoring, bodily care, coping with events, positive attitude toward life and serenity. In total, 94 participants were randomly assigned to 3-day (n = 34) or 9-day (n = 30) training groups or to 2 corresponding control groups (CGs) (n = 30). Art-of-living and well-being were measured using self-reported questionnaires at pre-intervention, post-intervention and two-week follow-up.

Findings

Results showed significant pre-post differences in art-of-living and well-being scores in both experimental groups, while scores for the CGs remained stable across assessments. Intervention effects were sustained over the two-week follow-up period. We found no significant differences in efficacy between the shorter and longer training, suggesting that brief training can be effective.

Practical implications

These results demonstrate that well-being can be enhanced through online art-of-living training, which is promising in terms of the practical implementation of such training in resource-constrained work environments.

Originality/value

The presented, conducted and evaluated work intervention represents the first study to apply the multi-component approach of “art-of-living” in an online setting, comparing two trainings of varying durations. This approach offers a framework perfectly suited for future implementation in flight attendants’ work settings to increase well-being and a possible subsequent implementation in other professional groups that would benefit from online training (e.g. in a hybrid work context).

Details

International Journal of Workplace Health Management, vol. 17 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 1753-8351

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Article
Publication date: 1 April 2005

Anne‐Mette Hjalager, John Houman Sørensen and Rasmus Juul Møberg

This study investigates labour market fluctuations and gender issues in the health and care sector. A large data set from public registers has allowed us to compile a…

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Abstract

This study investigates labour market fluctuations and gender issues in the health and care sector. A large data set from public registers has allowed us to compile a comprehensive picture of the job categories that particularly attract men. We find a polarisation of men in the upper and lower positions in the job hierarchy. In the metropolitan area, men tend to be discouraged from taking jobs in the health and care sector, as opposed to the peripheral region, where alternative job offers may be more scarce. A logistic regression analysis shows that (young) age is the major explanatory factor for leaving the health and care sector to find occupation elsewhere. However, gender (male), wage levels (low), marital status (single) and education (none) are also significant. The study discusses seven theoretical perspectives for male and female careers in the health and care sector: The need for flexibility. Destandardising of jobs. Devaluation of feminised work areas. Human capital as a stabiliser. Feminisation. The prospects of boundaryless careers. The spatial dimension.

Details

Equal Opportunities International, vol. 24 no. 3/4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0261-0159

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Article
Publication date: 13 March 2017

Per Ingvar Olsen and Håkan Håkansson

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the roles of deals in innovations processes, based on the definition of a deal as the interaction of social-material value-creating…

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Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the roles of deals in innovations processes, based on the definition of a deal as the interaction of social-material value-creating processes with money-handing processes.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is based on a study of the historical emergence of transaortic valve implantation (TAVI) as an innovative new technology in the area of thoracic surgery in a global setting. The study is based on a combination of interviews and secondary data analysis.

Findings

The authors found that deals play important roles in innovation processes as critical junctions that mark entries to different phases and generate major shifts in location as well as combination of resources, activities and actors. These shifts include radical changes in control, where actors in possession of resources necessary to bring the project through the next phase, move in to take control – thereby expanding their businesses to new growth niches. Based on the analysis of seven deals, the authors argue that the innovation process is a combined push and pull process where later stage entrepreneurial interests play very significant roles. Deals may also represent radical turning points and moves of the projects that set the project off in a different direction, usually also associated with shifting ownership control rights through the innovation and scaling process. The authors also argue that inventions in the periphery will tend to move to the areas with the most competent relevant business networks capable of adopting and expanding the innovation to a global business operation. The innovation process is not primarily about creating new resources and activities, but about recombining existing resources, competencies and activities. Supplier networks play particularly important roles in these processes.

Research limitations/implications

The authors suggest that the study indicates that IMP researchers should turn more attention to studying business deals and financial flows and influences – in particular in studies of innovations and innovation processes – to investigate the mechanisms by which new innovations interact with and transform existing business networks.

Social implications

This work highlights why and how an innovation that may initiate anywhere in the periphery, will tend to move to the most competent and capable networks around the globe, that are the most relevant to the needs of the innovation project. Hence, the more powerful business networks and eco-systems will tend to pull interesting inventions in from their periphery, and grow them effectively.

Originality/value

The paper expands the efforts in IMP theorizing to include financial/monetary interactions more explicitly into business network theory. It also aims at clarifying core IMP arguments toward entrepreneurship research, in particular research on international new ventures.

Details

IMP Journal, vol. 11 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 2059-1403

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