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The purpose of this paper is to provide an overall review of grammar checking and relation extraction (RE) literature, their techniques and the open challenges associated with them; and, finally, suggest future directions.

The review on grammar checking and RE was carried out using the following protocol: we prepared research questions, planed for searching strategy, addressed paper selection criteria to distinguish relevant works, extracted data from these works, and finally, analyzed and synthesized the data.

The output of error detection models could be used for creating a profile of a certain writer. Such profiles can be used for author identification, native language identification or even the level of education, to name a few. The automatic extraction of relations could be used to build or complete electronic lexical thesauri and knowledge bases.

Grammar checking is the process of detecting and sometimes correcting erroneous words in the text, while RE is the process of detecting and categorizing predefined relationships between entities or words that were identified in the text. The authors found that the most obvious challenge is the lack of data sets, especially for low-resource languages. Also, the lack of unified evaluation methods hinders the ability to compare results.

Millions of visually impaired people (VIP) in the world still face difficulties browsing the Web and accessing information. This paper aims to present a proxy service that takes advantage of the concept of context-aware to help contextualizing web pages for visually impaired users.

The VIP-aware proxy combines five components to utilize the user preferences, adapts the requested web page and reorganizes its content to best match the preferences set by the user. This new scenario will assist VIP in browsing the Web more effectively.

A preliminary evaluation of the system resulted in general user satisfaction.

The VIP-aware proxy will provide users with a clean, accessible web page, save them time when screen readers examine content related to their preferences and save them money when unnecessary content is not downloaded.

The VIP-aware proxy presented in this paper is the first of its kind targeting VIP.

This study aims to analyze Saudi scientific output in the field of computer science in Web of Science database, covering the years 1978 through 2012.

The study involved analyzing 998 publications in terms of the publication count and its growth, citation, share of international collaboration, research areas and researchers’ productivity.

The results show that the number of papers produced in computer science field has only increased after year 2007; this is because Saudi universities have applied a catch-up strategy to increase its research output. Also, our study reveals that the publication performance of Saudi scientists in computer science was domestic and suffers from low international visibility. Only two universities took the lead in the production of computer science research. Furthermore, computer science research trends in Saudi Arabia focused on engineering, followed by mathematics and telecommunications.

Studies on international academic publication productivity in the Middle East, particularly in Arab countries such as Saudi Arabia, are rarely found. In fact, bibliometric studies on Saudi researchers in the field of computer science are not available. Therefore, the originality of this study resides in being the first study to measure publication productivity of Saudi researchers in the field of computer science.

This study aims to understand the underlying social structure of Saudi citizens' interaction and discussion of political topics over the Twitter sphere.

The study employs social network analysis (SNA) measurements such as centrality, eigenvector and graph density on tweets produced in June 2012 by the Saudi community.

The result of SNA reveals relevant differences in the patterns of interconnection among different political topics. It also provides insights into sociological characteristics of modern political issues in Saudi Arabia.

The limitation of this study resides in the lack of large data set for robust analysis.

This is the first study aiming to understand social network dynamics of Twitter targeting the Saudi community.

This paper aims to investigate accessibility and usage of mobile smartphones by Arabic-speaking visually impaired people in Saudi Arabia.

In total, 104 participants with visual impairments were interviewed about their use of mobile phones with the following questions: What is the most commonly used mobile phone? What is the popular domain for which they use mobile phones? What are their favorite applications? What accessibility challenges do they usually face while using mobile phones? How often do they use the Internet via mobile phones and what are the reasons behind that?

This research is the first study with such magnitude to investigate smartphone usage by Arabic-speaking visually impaired people. The survey has revealed that Arabic-speaking visually impaired people utilize mobile phones in different ways and strategies. Getting assistance in performing daily tasks and navigating independently are two of the most common uses for mobile phones.

Based on the findings, the authors are going to propose some guidelines to developers to improve smartphone accessibility, application design and Internet usage to improve accessibility for visually impaired people.

Designing an effective university mobile website is becoming a necessity for universities. With the increasing percentage of students using smart phones to research colleges and universities, many university websites worldwide are moving towards addressing mobile needs. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive mobile university evaluation framework that can be used to assess how universities' websites respond to the increasing demand for the mobile web, and also to identify trends and gaps in current services provided in universities' mobile websites.

A framework was developed and applied to a set of 35 universities' mobile websites worldwide. The framework consists of four categories: interface, navigation, content and services offered, and technical aspects.

Evaluation findings show that most universities' mobile websites performed well in terms of mobile-friendliness and functionality; however, suggestions for future improvements are given.

No previous evaluation studies of this kind have been conducted. Moreover, this study provides an evaluation framework dedicated to the assessment of universities' mobile websites.

Owing to the large amount of information available on Twitter (a micro blogging service) that is not necessarily true or believable, credibility of news published in such an electronic channel has become an important area for investigation in the field of web credibility. This paper aims to address this issue.

A system was developed to measure the credibility of news content published in Twitter. The system uses two approaches to assign credibility levels (low, high and average) to each tweet. The first approach is based on the similarity between Twitter posts (tweets) and authentic (i.e. verified) news sources. The second approach is based on the similarity with verified news sources in addition to a set of proposed features.

The evaluations of the two approaches showed that assigning credibility levels to Twitter tweets for the first approach has a higher precision and recall. Additional experiments showed that the linking feature has its impact on the second approach results.

The proposed system is experimental; thus further experiments are needed to prove these findings.

This paper contributes to the research on web credibility. It is believed to be the first which provides a proposed system to evaluate the credibility of Twitter news content automatically.

Artificial intelligence (AI) applications enable entrepreneurs in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to make strategic decisions based on more accurate predictions and modeling scenarios to achieve operational efficiency and profitability. This research aims to investigate the role of AI applications in enhancing strategic decision-making (SDM) through the mediating role of digital leadership (DL).

The sample included 306 Omani entrepreneurs from SMEs randomly sampled to collect data from different SME industrial incubators. To test hypotheses, structural equation modeling (SEM), regression and confirmatory factor analysis and Process V4 to test the mediating role of DL were used.

Results reveal that AI applications have a positive and significant impact on SDM and DL. Furthermore, DL has a positive and significant impact on SDM. The results also reveal that DL enhances the relationship between AI applications and SDM in Omani SMEs.

This research provides evidence regarding SMEs in the Arabian context and the ability of AI application adoption to improve productivity and sustainability in the economic sector.