Frode Nygård and Helge I. Andersson
The purpose of this paper is to describe a pragmatic parallelization of a publicly available serial code aimed for direct numerical simulations of turbulent flow fields. The code…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to describe a pragmatic parallelization of a publicly available serial code aimed for direct numerical simulations of turbulent flow fields. The code solves the full Navier‐Stokes equations in a cylindrical coordinate system.
Design/methodology/approach
The parallelization is performed by a single program multiple data approach using the Message‐Passing Interface (MPI) Library for processor communication.
Findings
In order to maintain the original coding of the subroutines, two obstacles had to be overcome. First, special attention had to be given to the inversion of the sparse matrixes from the linear terms in the Navier‐Stokes equations solved by an implicit scheme. Second, the serial FFT‐routines, needed for the direct Poisson‐solver, had to be replaced by parallel versions. Two directions of parallelization were tested. Parallelization in the axial direction turned out to be more efficient than parallelization in the circumferential direction.
Originality/value
This paper presents a pragmatic parallelization of an open source finite difference code and should be useful to researchers in the field of numerical methods for fluid flow who need to parallelize a numerical code.
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Charlotte Reedtz, Monica Martinussen, Fredrik Wang Jørgensen, Bjørn Helge Handegård and Willy‐Tore Mørch
The main aim of this study is to explore characteristics of parents who signed up for parenting classes offered to the universal population and their reasons for participation.
Abstract
Purpose
The main aim of this study is to explore characteristics of parents who signed up for parenting classes offered to the universal population and their reasons for participation.
Design/methodology/approach
Data were obtained from parents in a study on parent training for children aged two to eight years (n=189), and a follow up survey on these parents (n=118).
Findings
Parents had high education, were married, and employed in full time jobs. The mean age of the children was under four years, and their Intensity and Problem scores on ECBI were higher than the Norwegian mean scores for their age group. Parent stress, parental concern, and parenting practices predicted the ECBI Intensity scores to a rather large extent.
Practical implications
Parents with high SES risk factors may not come forward to participate in face‐to‐face mental health promotion interventions even if the parenting intervention is offered in a non‐stigmatising way.
Originality/value
By offering a universal health promoting and preventive parent training service in the community, a large proportion of children with behaviour problems were identified and referred to treatment. This demonstrates how parent training services, offered to the universal population, may contribute to increase the reach for the youngest children in need of treatment.
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Barbara Demmig‐Adams and Jared Carter
The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary, for both experts and non‐experts, of new findings on interactions among diet, genes, and exercise in determining…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary, for both experts and non‐experts, of new findings on interactions among diet, genes, and exercise in determining the risk for chronic disease.
Design/methodology/approach
The present review focuses on the key role of exercise in modulating the ratio of muscle fiber types and the resulting effects on overall health.
Findings
Exercise and a diet rich in omega‐3 (n‐3) fatty acids modulate human gene expression and lower the risk for chronic disease. Emerging evidence, synthesized here, shows that a family of gene regulatory proteins, the PPAR (peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor) transcription factor family, regulates the synthesis of human muscle fibers and thereby affects glucose metabolism and the risk for obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. Dietary fatty acids, in particular n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, act on PPAR family members, and thereby enhance the synthesis of specific muscle fiber types. Human muscle fibers contain a heterogeneous mix of slow‐oxidative, fast‐oxidative, and fast‐glycolytic muscle fibers. At the extremes of the spectrum, low‐oxidative fibers, important for endurance activities, rely on a complete oxidation of sugars as well as fats for energy, and are associated with high insulin sensitivity. In contrast, fast‐glycolytic fibers, important for short, intense exercise, predominantly use a quick, but only partial breakdown of sugars (glycolysis) for energy. Not surprisingly, sprinters have more fast‐glycolytic fibers, while endurance athletes have more slow‐oxidative fibers. The relative ratio of these different fiber types, in part genetically fixed and in part respondent to diet and exercise, determines not only what type of activities an individual performs best, but also affects the risk for chronic disease. Recent research has identified correlations between muscle fiber type and PPAR type as well as between even modest levels of endurance training and a lowering of the risk for insulin resistance, obesity, diabetes, and heart disease.
Practical implications
This review synthesizes recently discovered mechanisms into a framework supporting the conclusion that even moderate levels of endurance exercise, combined with a sufficient intake of n‐3 fatty acids, lower the risk for chronic disease.
Originality/value
This article provides accessible and comprehensive information to researchers, nutritionists, and consumers who are interested in using lifestyle management (such as exercise and diet) to lower the risk for chronic disease.
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The aim of this research is to understand the relationship between cultural buildings, economic powers and social justice and equality in architecture and how this relationship…
Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this research is to understand the relationship between cultural buildings, economic powers and social justice and equality in architecture and how this relationship has evolved over the last hundred years. This research seeks to identify architectural and urban elements that enhance social justice and equality to inform architectural and urban designs and public policies.
Design/methodology/approach
The author explores the relationship between case studies of museums, cultural centers and libraries, and economic powers between 1920 and 2020 in Stockholm, Sweden. The author conducts a historical analysis and combines it with statistical and geographically referenced information in a Geographic Information System, archival data and in situ observations of selected buildings in the city. The author leverages the median income of household data from Statistics Sweden, with the geographical location of main public buildings and the headquarters of main companies operating in Sweden.
Findings
This analysis presents a gradual commercialization of cultural buildings in terms of location, inner layout and management, and the parallel filtering and transforming of the role of users. The author assesses how these cultural buildings gradually conformed to a system in the city and engaged with the market from a more local and national level to global networks. Findings show a cluster of large public buildings in the center of Stockholm, the largest global companies' headquarters and high-income median households. Results show that large shares of the low-income population now live far away from these buildings and the increasing commercialization of cultural space and inequalities.
Originality/value
This research provides a novel image of urban inequalities in Stockholm focusing on cultural buildings and their relationship with economic powers over the last hundred years. Cultural buildings could be a tool to support equality and stronger democracy beyond their primary use. Public cultural buildings offer a compromise between generating revenue for the private sector while catering to the needs and interests of large numbers of people. Therefore, policymakers should consider emphasizing the construction of more engaging public cultural buildings in more distributed locations.
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Catharina Bjørkquist, Helge Ramsdal and Kjetil Ramsdal
The purpose of this paper is to discuss how and to what extent users can become involved in the process of selecting and implementing telecare and telehealth technologies in local…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss how and to what extent users can become involved in the process of selecting and implementing telecare and telehealth technologies in local health care services.
Design/methodology/approach
The discussion is based on data from a project in one local authority in Norway. About 100 persons have participated in focus group interviews where issues regarding new telecare and telehealth technologies for the elderly were discussed. The focus groups involved different groups of product users and stakeholder groups, i.e. “older senior users” (over 65 years), “younger senior users” (55-65 years), relatives, health care professionals and general practitioners (GPs).
Findings
Different user groups have different stakes in the technology. It is difficult to involve “older senior users” in the selection process due to their lack of information about potential solutions, while “younger senior users” are more informed and positive towards the introduction of telecare and telehealth technologies. The results also indicate that professionals are ambiguous towards new technologies; on the one hand they expect services to be better, but on the other they are concerned about ethical and working life issues that have not been fully explored as yet.
Originality/value
This paper provides an understanding of how different groups of product users and stakeholder groups relate to and can be involved in an expanded implementation process of telecare and telehealth technology which allow older people to remain in their homes for longer.
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This article seeks to advance a novel service network perspective, based on the service‐dominant logic, designated as service‐dominant networks (SDN).
Abstract
Purpose
This article seeks to advance a novel service network perspective, based on the service‐dominant logic, designated as service‐dominant networks (SDN).
Design/methodology/approach
Service‐dominant logic components serve to build and describe SDN. Specifically, resources and actors are key components, combined with activities and the process by which they become resources. A case study details the features of SDNs.
Findings
Service‐dominant networks exhibit unique, previously unaddressed features. According to the service‐dominant logic, components only become resources when they are integrated; thus, they disappear as resources after their integration, which means SDNs are fugacious: they (be‐)come and go. In addition, SDNs comprise one or more main intended activities that explain their existence, though these intended activities do not necessarily initiate any particular SDN. Rather, other critical incidents can initiate SDNs.
Research limitations/implications
The features of SDNs proposed in this article have not been a focus of prior research. In particular, the dynamics and fugaciousness of SDNs are challenges for research and management.
Originality/value
This article offers the first proposal of a novel, service‐dominant network perspective. In a very general and abstract form, it identifies the features of SDNs.
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James I. Novak and Jonathon O’Neill
This paper aims to present new qualitative and quantitative data about the recently released “BigRep ONE” 3 D printer led by the design of a one-off customized stool.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to present new qualitative and quantitative data about the recently released “BigRep ONE” 3 D printer led by the design of a one-off customized stool.
Design/methodology/approach
A design for additive manufacturing (DfAM) framework was adopted, with simulation data iteratively informing the final design.
Findings
Process parameters can vary manufacturing costs of a stool by over AU$1,000 and vary print time by over 100 h. Following simulation, designers can use the knowledge to inform iteration, with a second variation of the design being approximately 50 per cent cheaper and approximately 50 per cent faster to manufacture. Metrology data reveal a tolerance = 0.342 per cent in overall dimensions, and surface roughness data are presented for a 0.5 mm layer height.
Research limitations/implications
Led by design, this study did not seek to explore the full gamut of settings available in slicing software, focusing predominantly on nozzle diameter, layer height and number of walls alongside the recommended settings from BigRep. The study reveals numerous areas for future research, including more technical studies.
Practical implications
When knowledge and techniques from desktop 3 D printing are scaled up to dimensions measuring in meters, new opportunities and challenges are presented for design engineers. Print times and material costs in particular are scaled up significantly, and this study provides numerous considerations for research centers, 3 D printing bureaus and manufacturers considering large-scale fused filament fabrication manufacturing.
Originality/value
This is the first peer-reviewed study involving the BigRep ONE, and new knowledge is presented about the practical application of the printer through a design-led project. Important relationships between material volume/cost and print time are valuable for early adopters.
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Artur Meerits and Kurmet Kivipõld
The purpose of this paper is to determine the quality of the leadership competencies of first-level military leaders according to three behavioural dimensions: task, change and…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to determine the quality of the leadership competencies of first-level military leaders according to three behavioural dimensions: task, change and relational competencies.
Design/methodology/approach
The study was conducted in the Estonian Defence Forces (EDF) among first-level commanders (N = 89), whose leadership competencies were assessed by their subordinates (N = 1,655). The Leader Reward and Punishment Questionnaire was used to assess task competencies, the Transformational Leadership Behaviour Inventory was used to assess change competencies and the Extended Authentic Leadership Measure was used to assess relational competencies. Cluster analyses were conducted to identify the level of leadership competencies in the sample and to determine the commanders' leadership profile.
Findings
The study reveals that in terms of leadership competencies, only two competencies from task, two from change and none from the relational dimension are sufficient. In addition, the results highlight that the relational competencies of leadership are connected to each other, while task and change leadership competencies are not.
Practical implications
The study results make it possible to work out the main principles for a leadership development programme for first-level commanders. In addition, the developed methodology makes it possible to assess the leadership competencies of individual commanders using the three-dimensional framework.
Originality/value
This paper demonstrates how quality of the leadership competencies and profiles of first-level EDF commanders are determined within three behavioural dimensions: task, change and relational competencies.
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This paper aims to present a value cocreation framework that furthers understanding of social value cocreation.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to present a value cocreation framework that furthers understanding of social value cocreation.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper is an interdisciplinary conceptual analysis drawing on social enterprise studies, marketing research and philosophical value theory. It applies a visible-hand approach to the study of market relationships and, in line with philosophical research strategies, unfolds its analysis using conceptual distinctions.
Findings
This study provides a framework that substantiates the distinction between two modes of value cocreation and identifies the structure of the social enterprise business model. It explains how social enterprises can be conceived as role models for for-profit organizations, and it elucidates why social value cocreation is a demanding objective.
Research limitations/implications
This paper develops an integrative, nondichotomist view of value cocreation that does not conceptualize social and economic value cocreation as opposing goals.
Practical implications
Social enterprises can use the business model structure and two modes of value cocreation and view themselves as role models for for-profit organizations.
Social implications
This paper applies a visible-hand approach to both for-profit organizations and social enterprises. Using its framework, for-profit organizations can reflect on the consequences of their actions on society and how social value cocreation can improve social enterprise effectiveness.
Originality/value
To the best of the author’s knowledge, this paper is the first to bridge service-oriented approaches to marketing and social enterprise studies using philosophical value theory to improve understanding of social value cocreation.