Hala A.M. Afifi, Heba Sayed Galal and Rushdya Rabee Ali Hassan
The purpose of this paper is to identify the pigments, mediums and ground layer used during the late era of ancient Egyptian civilization through the analysis of mummy Cartonnage…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to identify the pigments, mediums and ground layer used during the late era of ancient Egyptian civilization through the analysis of mummy Cartonnage based on the use of multiple analysis, such as electron microscopy, X-rays, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR).
Design/methodology/approach
This study analyzed some fragments from a painted cartonnage of a mummy date back to the late period. Light microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, FTIR analysis and investigation of the surface morphology by SEM were used to identify the chemical and anatomical structure of cartonnage.
Findings
The results clearly showed use of copper and extracted gold from the veins of the quartz to get the golden pigment, but it is full of voids which were a major cause of the degradation.
Originality/value
The study is the first of its kind on the components of this cartonnage in Saqqara stores.
Galal H. Elgemeie, Maher H. Helal and Heba M. El‐Sayed
The synthesis and chemistry of nitrogen heterocyclic azo compounds have been extensively studied. Many derivatives of this type were proved to be excellent dyes. Presents a…
Abstract
The synthesis and chemistry of nitrogen heterocyclic azo compounds have been extensively studied. Many derivatives of this type were proved to be excellent dyes. Presents a systematic and comprehensive survey of all recently synthesised nitrogen heterocyclic azo dyes according to dyeing methods.