GholamReza Kefayati, Mofid Gorji, Hasan Sajjadi and Davood Domiri Ganji
Magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) flows in fluids is known to have an important effect on heat transfer and fluid flow in various substances while the quality of the substances and the…
Abstract
Purpose
Magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) flows in fluids is known to have an important effect on heat transfer and fluid flow in various substances while the quality of the substances and the considered shapes can influence the amount of changes. Thus, MHD flows in a different form and widespread alterations in the kind of the material and the power of MHD flow were carried out by lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) in this investigation. The aim of this paper is to identify the ability of LBM for solving MHD flows as the effect of different substances in the presence of the magnetic field changes.
Design/methodology/approach
This method was utilized for solving MHD natural convection in an open cavity while Hartmann number varies from 0 to 150 and Rayleigh number is considered at values of Ra=103, 104 and 105, with the Prandtl number altering in a wide range of Pr=0.025, 0.71 and 6.2. An appropriate validation with previous numerical investigations demonstrated that this attitude is a suitable method for MHD problems.
Findings
Results show the alterations of Prandtl numbers influence the isotherms and the streamlines widely at different Rayleigh and Hartmann numbers simultaneously. Moreover, heat transfer declines with the increment of Hartmann number, while this reduction is marginal for Ra=103 by comparison with other Rayleigh numbers. The effect of the magnetic field on the average Nusselt number at Liquid Gallium (Pr=0.025) is the least among considered materials.
Originality/value
In this method, just the force term at LBM changes in the presence of MHD flow as the added term rises from the classic equations of fluids mechanic. Moreover, all parameters of the added term and the method of their computing are exhibited.
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Manal Etemadi, Kioomars Ashtarian, Nader Ganji, Hannaneh Mohammadi Kangarani and Hasan Abolghasem Gorji
Reducing health inequalities between the poor and the rich is one of the challenges that the Iranian healthcare sector is facing. One of the goals of the Iranian Government in the…
Abstract
Purpose
Reducing health inequalities between the poor and the rich is one of the challenges that the Iranian healthcare sector is facing. One of the goals of the Iranian Government in the Healthcare Sector Evolution Plan (HSEP) is claimed to be creating an opportunity for the poor to use inexpensive services. The purpose of this paper is to provide an analysis of the status of the poor in the HSEP. Based on this evaluation, the authors will provide policy recommendations to improve the benefits of the HSEP for the poor people.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper is based on a qualitative study conducted in 2017. The research sample includes policymakers, experts and scholars at the macro-level of the Iranian healthcare system who were well-aware of the financial support for the poor. Overall, 35 semi-structured interviews were carried out. Data were analyzed based on the thematic analysis method.
Findings
The effects of the HSEP on the poor were studied in terms of their positive outcomes and challenges. Despite the achievements of the HSEP for all people, the most important challenge was the lack of targeted state subsidies for the poor. These subsidies should have included free insurance coverage, reducing inpatient payment and allocation of a separate budget for the poor.
Originality/value
Adopting some policies to target public health subsidies toward the poor such as free insurance specific for the poor (based on means testing), as well as user fee exemption and waivers could improve access to health services for them in Iran. In addition, separate funding for such policies, strengthening health prevention and health care services for marginalized populations, and improving their health literacy could help ensure the poor’s benefiting more from the health care services.
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Ahmed Al Kuwaiti, Hasan Ali Bicak and Saeed Wahass
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the level of job satisfaction among faculty members of the health sciences program at a Saudi higher education institution; and predict…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the level of job satisfaction among faculty members of the health sciences program at a Saudi higher education institution; and predict the influence of various factors on overall job satisfaction. However, this study is quite different since it intended to evaluate the level of job satisfaction of faculty members using a self-structured questionnaire and ascertained the various factors influencing the overall job satisfaction of Saudi academics.
Design/methodology/approach
An exploratory study design was adopted and Academic Job Satisfaction (AJS) survey was administered to 943 faculty members of the health sciences program through an online system. A total of 850 faculty members responded to 47 items and one global rating item (overall job satisfaction) using a five-point ordinal scale.
Findings
The level of job satisfaction of health sciences’ faculty members on all dimensions of AJS is observed to be high (>3.5) except salary, which is shown as medium (2.5–3.49). Regression analysis indicates the factors other than Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU) administrative policies and interpersonal relationships are significant predictors of overall job satisfaction; and salary is the most significant predictor of overall job satisfaction among health sciences’ faculty members.
Originality/value
This study adds a value to the existing literature by exploring the factors influencing job satisfaction of health sciences’ faculty members working in Saudi Universities. This would aid policy makers to focus on these factors, thereby improve and maintain job satisfaction among healthcare academics.
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Amir Reza Moravejolahkami, Zahra Esfandiari, Hadiseh Ebdali, Marjan Ganjali Dashti, Akbar Hassanzadeh, Hasan Ziaei and Nimah Bahreini Esfahani
Understanding consumers’ food safety practices are helpful in reducing foodborne illnesses. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of education on knowledge…
Abstract
Purpose
Understanding consumers’ food safety practices are helpful in reducing foodborne illnesses. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of education on knowledge, attitude and practices toward food additives.
Design/methodology/approach
This interventional study was performed by random sampling of 826 employees in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences from January 2018 to March 2019. The knowledge, attitude and practices of the employees toward food additives were assessed by a self-administered and structured questionnaire. Two-month education was conducted visually by using pamphlets, posters and leaflets. Descriptive statistics and paired t-test were done by SPSS24 at significant levels of p < 0.05.
Findings
The results showed that the respondents were very concerned about preservatives, colorants, and artificial sweeteners in foods. Before the education, the percentages collected for the knowledge, attitude and practice were 79.0, 48.9 and 46.7, respectively. Overall, knowledge scores were improved from 79.0 to 88.9 per cent when the education was offered. Safety attitude scores significantly increased, with a 50 per cent difference between the pre and post values. A significant difference was observed in the percentage of knowledge, attitude and practice of the employers before and after education (p < 0.05). Almost half of the respondents chose leaflets and pamphlets as a preferable tool for learning.
Originality/value
Education may be needed for improving knowledge and attitude about food additives. It also helped the respondents to select healthier food. This study suggests more communication programs regarding food safety issues.
Aaryan Chib and Navdeep Sharma Dugala
Biodiesel in engines can reduce net carbon dioxide emissions and boost renewable energy. Despite the benefits of biodiesel engines, little is known about their effects on fuel…
Abstract
Purpose
Biodiesel in engines can reduce net carbon dioxide emissions and boost renewable energy. Despite the benefits of biodiesel engines, little is known about their effects on fuel filters. Filterability hinders the broad use of sustainable biodiesel, as filter clogging and deterioration can lead to engine damage and further hinder the widespread adoption of biodiesel. This study aims to investigate algae biodiesel (Chlorophyta) and diesel fuel filtration and filter deterioration to fill this gap.
Design/methodology/approach
This study investigates the effects of different biodiesel blends on diesel fuel filter parameters, namely, filter blocking tendency (FBT), tensile strength of filter medium upon immersion and other physiochemical properties. In total, 20% biodiesel and 80% diesel (B20) was chosen for its common use as a commercial blend, 40% biodiesel and 60% diesel (B40) for mid-level biodiesel content and 100% biodiesel (B100) for pure biodiesel testing. Testing these concentrations allowed us to determine the effect of increasing biodiesel content. B20 biodiesel emerges as the most suitable blend, providing the best balance of performance and durability with a low FBT (1.0) and a 6.9% increase in tensile strength over diesel. B40 and B100 had higher FBTs of 1.53 and 7.57, respectively, and lower tensile strength, resulting in increased filter clogging and material deterioration. SEM results demonstrated that B20-immersed filters had little structural changes as compared to B40 and B100; the colour darkened noticeably suggesting deposits, including sterol glucosides, indicating material deterioration and clogging.
Findings
The results from current study concluded that when compared to B40 and B100, the B20 biodiesel blend provides the best balance of performance and longevity, with less filter blockage, improved tensile strength and lower maintenance requirements. However, its performance in harsh settings, such as colder climes, high-pressure systems and engines requiring more power output, may require augmentation and more study. While higher blends may be more appropriate in some applications, B20 remains the most adaptable solution for a wide range of general operational situations.
Originality/value
The study concludes that the B20 biodiesel blend provides optimal performance, longevity and maintenance for compression ignition engines, exceeding other blends. While B40 and B100 may be appropriate in certain situations, B20 remains the most practical and versatile option, combining environmental benefits with engine compatibility, making it a superior alternative to standard diesel fuel.
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Purushothaman Pichandi and Satheesh Anbalagan
The purpose of this paper is to propose an effective numerical approach for solving the natural convection in a two-dimensional square enclosure by using the single relaxation…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to propose an effective numerical approach for solving the natural convection in a two-dimensional square enclosure by using the single relaxation time-Bhatnagar, Gross and Krook (SRT-BGK) model (D2Q9) and lattice Boltzmann method (LBM).
Design/methodology/approach
Navier–Stroke equation is replaced by lattice Boltzmann method, and the numerical approach was simulated using LBM. LBM is a linear equation so, it reduces the computational time. The governing equations are solved using the SRT-BGK model. To achieve better numerical stability and accuracy, the momentum and energy equations are solved using two-dimensional nine-directional (D2Q9) lattice arrangement.
Findings
The results are presented at different convection mechanism with constant Prandtl number = 0.71, and the result is validated with reported literature. Numerical investigation is performed and accurate results are obtained; the range of Pr = 0.71, various Rayleigh number, phase change, periodicity parameter and amplitude ratio with three different blockage ratios. The present study is performed using LBM.
Research limitations/implications
To extend this work, the influence of natural convection, various selections of Prandtl number and Rayleigh number, periodicity and the effect of aspect ratio with mounted number of blockages could be included.
Practical implications
This research article will be useful for the study of fluid flow and heat transfer in hot and cold fluid interaction over the solid object. Like gear hardening with various sizes of gear blocks, material processing with hot and cold fluid interactions inside the furnace wall, solar panels high and low density fluid variation, indoor hot and cold fluid thermal environments, inside nuclear reactors heat and heavy water fluid interaction, cooling of electronic equipments and various chemical engineering applications.
Social implications
This paper will be useful for studying fluid flow and heat transfer within a square enclosure, and it gives practical information in engineering and heat transfer applications.
Originality/value
The present work is the first to investigate using LBM for selected parameters to apply a natural convection with imposed sinusoidal wave for different convection mechanisms.
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Early childhood teachers play a significant role in building children’s success in their first years of school. Therefore, a healthy early childhood workforce in a healthy working…
Abstract
Purpose
Early childhood teachers play a significant role in building children’s success in their first years of school. Therefore, a healthy early childhood workforce in a healthy working environment is an essential aspect of effective early childhood services. This paper aims to explore the extent to which psychological hardiness can be considered as a mediator variable between exposure to workplace bullying and job anxiety among early childhood teachers.
Design/methodology/approach
A homogeneous sample comprised of 200 early childhood teachers. For data collection, the researcher used the workplace bullying scale, the psychological hardiness scale and the job anxiety scale among early childhood teachers (prepared by the researcher).
Findings
The findings indicated that psychological hardiness mediates the relationship between exposure to workplace bullying and job anxiety among early childhood teachers.
Originality/value
The research result highlighted the necessity of providing counseling programs for early childhood teachers helping them eliminate work stress that affects their job performance. In addition, the kindergarten administration must concentrate on how to effectively communicate and cooperate with early childhood teachers in light of regulations, policies and laws to defeat the spread of workplace bullying. The results of this research contributed to the existing literature by examining the relationship between the research variables, particularly in the early childhood education context.