Mariam Vahdaninia, Bibha Simkhada, Edwin van Teijlingen, Hannah Blunt and Alan Mercel-Sanca
Mental health disparities exist among Black, Asian and Minority Ethnics (BAME) populations. This paper aims to provide an overview of mental health services designed for the BAME…
Abstract
Purpose
Mental health disparities exist among Black, Asian and Minority Ethnics (BAME) populations. This paper aims to provide an overview of mental health services designed for the BAME population in the UK, both established BAME communities and refugee/asylum-seekers.
Design/methodology/approach
A range of electronic databases were searched for peer-reviewed studies conducted within the past decade in the UK. Using the Arksey and O’Malley methodology, data were extracted, analysed and summarised.
Findings
A total of 13 papers were identified, mostly non-randomised community-based. Studies were very heterogeneous in terms of their sample and service provided. After the initial appraisal, the authors presented a narrative synthesis. Overall, all studies reported positive mental health outcomes and beneficial effects.
Research limitations/implications
Because of the time limitations and quality of the papers, the authors only included peer-reviewed journal papers.
Practical implications
Mental health services provided for BAME people, both established and refugee/asylum-seekers are feasible and improve engagement with the services and mental health outcomes. Initiatives are required to facilitate the integration of these targeted services within mental health and community services for BAME in the UK.
Originality/value
This scoping review is a snapshot of the mental health services designed for BAME people in the UK, either established or refugee/asylum-seekers in the past 10 years and adds to the evidence-based knowledge from these studies.
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Hannah Muniz Castro, John Alvarez, Robert G. Bota, Marc Yonkers and Jeremiah Tao
Attempted and completed self-enucleation, or removal of one's own eyes, is a rare but devastating form of self-mutilation behavior. It is often associated with psychiatric…
Abstract
Attempted and completed self-enucleation, or removal of one's own eyes, is a rare but devastating form of self-mutilation behavior. It is often associated with psychiatric disorders, particularly schizophrenia, substance induced psychosis, and bipolar disorder. We report a case of a patient with a history of bipolar disorder who gouged his eyes bilaterally as an attempt to self-enucleate himself. On presentation, the patient was manic with both psychotic features of hyperreligous delusions and command auditory hallucinations of God telling him to take his eyes out. On presentation, the patient had no light perception vision in both eyes and his exam displayed severe proptosis, extensive conjunctival lacerations, and visibly avulsed extraocular muscles on the right side. An emergency computed tomography scan of the orbits revealed small and irregular globes, air within the orbits, and intraocular hemorrhage. He was taken to the operating room for surgical repair of his injuries. Attempted and completed self-enucleation is most commonly associated with schizophrenia and substance induced psychosis, but can also present in patients with bipolar disorder. Other less commonly associated disorders include obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression, mental retardation, neurosyphilis, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, and structural brain lesions.
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Kathy Davis, Halleh Ghorashi, Peer Smets and Melanie Eijberts
Helen Taylor and Cary L. Cooper
Organisational change, for some employees, can pose threat, for others challenge. It has been found that, given the same organisational stressors, certain individuals fall victim…
Abstract
Organisational change, for some employees, can pose threat, for others challenge. It has been found that, given the same organisational stressors, certain individuals fall victim to stress and ill‐health, whereas others remain healthy. In order to seek a clearer understanding of this phenomenon, the personality/stress/health relationship is explored with reference to individual differences in Type A behaviour, locus of control, hardiness, extraversion, neuroticism, and tension discharge rate. It is suggested that organisational change management should be within the framework of communication, control and counselling. Future research should pursue a multidimensional, interactive course to gain a greater insight into this highly complex relationship.
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What do children think about their participation in competitive activities? This paper argues that children have a different view of what participation in competitive activities…
Abstract
What do children think about their participation in competitive activities? This paper argues that children have a different view of what participation in competitive activities means in their lives, and how they should interpret and deal with competitive situations, than their parents. Using data from interviews with 37 elementary school-age children, and 16 months of fieldwork, I highlight 3 main themes that emerged from interactions with children: trophies, tears, and triumphs. Trophies, and other rewards like ribbons and medals, are a great motivation for many children; these rewards are also physical embodiments that winning is prioritized in participation in these activities. Tears, along with nerves, and other feelings associated with being judged are described, in addition to a coping mechanism these children have devised to deal with these more negative feelings – friendships. Through friendships, boys and girls create bonds and have peers with whom to share their triumphs. However, these friendships are usually same-sex, and children's quite strong and divisive ideas about gender are also discussed.
Karen Laing, Jennifer McWhirter, Lorna Templeton and Claire Hannah-Russell
The purpose of this paper is to present the findings from an evaluation of an intervention (Moving Parents and Children Together (M-PACT+)) aiming to address the effects of…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present the findings from an evaluation of an intervention (Moving Parents and Children Together (M-PACT+)) aiming to address the effects of parental substance misuse (PSM) in school settings. The paper considers the evidence of effectiveness, and goes on to explore how schools were involved with the intervention.
Design/methodology/approach
A theory of change was developed for the intervention, which identified key steps of change that were expected for the beneficiaries (family members and children). Mixed methods were then used to form a portfolio of data to support or refute the theory. The data included quantitative validated scale data and questionnaires at various points in time with staff, and participants (including children), and qualitative data obtained from school staff, intervention staff, families and children.
Findings
This paper concludes that the evidence supports the theory that providing M-PACT+ in school settings can begin to address the effects of PSM for the families that engage with it. Further, the paper shows that the ethos of the schools involved influences how families are identified and referred, and that interventions of this kind are most likely to succeed where they are integrated into an ethos where there is a shared responsibility for a broad child well-being agenda between schools and other community agencies.
Originality/value
This paper explores the evaluation of a unique family intervention. The findings will be of value to those seeking to implement such interventions in partnership with schools and/or community agencies.
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Barbara Anne Sen and Hannah Spring
– The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between information and coping from the experiences of young people coping with long term illness.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between information and coping from the experiences of young people coping with long term illness.
Design/methodology/approach
Situational analysis was used as a methodological approach. It has roots in the Chicago Symbolic Interactionism School. Cartographic approaches enabled the analysis, mapping the complexities emerging from the data.
Findings
As the young people became more informed about their health conditions, and gained knowledge and understanding both about their illnesses, their own bodies and boundaries, their confidence and capacity to cope increased. Gaining confidence, the young people often wanted to share their knowledge – becoming information providers themselves. From the data, five positions on an information-coping trajectory were identified: information deficiency; feeling ill-informed; needing an injection of information; having information health; and becoming an information donor.
Research limitations/implications
The research was limited to an analysis of 30 narratives. The paper contributes to information theory by mapping clearly the relationship between information and coping.
Practical and social implications
The study establishes a relationship between levels of information and knowledge and the ability to cope with illness.
Originality/value
The information theories in this study have originality and multi-disciplinary value in the management of health and illness, and information studies.