The current paper is a comment on goalkeepers in football. This paper aims to explore the skillset of the contemporary goalkeeper and whether these can be reliably measured. This…
Abstract
Purpose
The current paper is a comment on goalkeepers in football. This paper aims to explore the skillset of the contemporary goalkeeper and whether these can be reliably measured. This paper advocates the recognition of the goalkeeper as the most important member of the football team.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper draws on the work of Bourdieu (1995) to examine the impact of calculative practice on the art of goalkeeping. This reveals the diffusion of calculations to goalkeeping but challenges whether these statistics are robust. This study used the Internet (Jeacle, 2021) to explore the multiple dimensions of this study.
Findings
The comment argues a case for the goalkeeper as the principal actor in the football team. From an accountability perspective, the impact of the goalkeeper can be profound, the more so because of rule changes. Whilst calculative practice has entered the world of the goalkeeper, the practice is questionable if contemporary metrics are not robust and more sophisticated performance indicators are required. Increasing transfer costs highlight the need for objective measures of goalkeeping performance.
Originality/value
This paper is novel in that the paper attempts to broaden the scope of accounting scholarship into a new domain of football in popular culture.
Details
Keywords
Placement-based learning is claimed to benefit educational outcomes in undergraduate programmes, with students gaining employability skills and the application of skill-sets in…
Abstract
Purpose
Placement-based learning is claimed to benefit educational outcomes in undergraduate programmes, with students gaining employability skills and the application of skill-sets in “real world” situations. Most courses incorporate experiential learning; however, work placements remain exclusive to the aims of the academic programme. The purpose of this paper is to explore the changing learning motivations between students enroled on: a practical-based programme, involving work placement (BA adventure education (Ad Ed)); and a study-based programme (BSc sport and exercise science (SES)). In addition, motivation was examined between courses at each year.
Design/methodology/approach
A 44 item Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire was completed by first and final year undergraduates studying BA Ad Ed and BSc SES courses in the academic year 2011/2012. Questionnaires were triangulated with focus groups, lecturer observations and statistical analyses.
Findings
Learning motivation was influenced by: knowledge of academic grades; link between theoretical content and work experience; opportunity for reflection; and multidisciplinary nature of degree programmes. Furthermore, the majority of final year Ad Ed students showed understanding of the job market, degree transferability and career availability upon graduation.
Originality/value
Where placement experience prepares British undergraduate learners for employment and provides insight into career demand, placements may also demotivate, particularly where careers do not necessitate degree qualification.
Details
Keywords
This article is concerned with the role of theory in explaining the inter‐industry variation of vertical integration (VI). Why, for example, is the world aluminium industry highly…
Abstract
This article is concerned with the role of theory in explaining the inter‐industry variation of vertical integration (VI). Why, for example, is the world aluminium industry highly integrated (Stukey, 1983) whereas the tin industry is not (Hennart, 1982)? The article is not concerned with explaining differences in the average level of VI across countries, although these are undoubtedly significant (Chandler and Daeins, 1980).
Speculations on the possibility of computers displaying intelligence are usually traced to Turing's 1950 paper, ‘Computing machinery and intelligence’. Claims for the literal…
Abstract
Speculations on the possibility of computers displaying intelligence are usually traced to Turing's 1950 paper, ‘Computing machinery and intelligence’. Claims for the literal intelligence of an appropriately programmed computer were publicly refuted by Searle in 1980. Optimism about the adequate simulation of intelligence is now further diminished. Analogies between the computer and the brain or mind have persisted. A contrasting perspective which links computers with documents through writing and through the faculty for constructing socially shared systems of signs has also been developed. From this perspective it can be shown that (i) claims for the literal intelligence of a computer rest on a similar basis to claims for the intelligence of a document, the production of depersonalised linguistic output, and (ii) that such claims are subject to an identical objection, that linguistic output is made available without a prior act of comprehension by the artefact. This paper places the Turing test in its intellectual and historical context. A claim that written words can give the appearance of intelligence, without the human capacity for dialectic response, is found in Plato's Phaedrus. This, too, must be placed in its historical context of a transition from predominantly oral to oral and written communication. Demonstrating that there are extensive similarities between the claims of computers and documents to literal intelligence is part of a progressive demystification of the computer.
Elizabeth Hennessy and Ian Keil
Dorland began in the USA as an agency specialising in selling holiday resorts, especially on the East Coast. Its direction under Walter Edge became more general and opportunities…
Abstract
Dorland began in the USA as an agency specialising in selling holiday resorts, especially on the East Coast. Its direction under Walter Edge became more general and opportunities in the international economy led to a European base in London. London was run by George Kettle, and in time Dorland in Britain became independent and a very successful firm. It had overseas offices, but it also had a specialist interest in financial advertising. By 1939, the flair of its designers and its policy of seeking new business made it one of the largest agencies in the UK.
Details
Keywords
Rui Ma, Hamish D. Anderson and Ben R. Marshall
The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on liquidity in international stock markets, highlights differences and similarities in empirical results across existing…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on liquidity in international stock markets, highlights differences and similarities in empirical results across existing studies, and identifies areas requiring further research.
Design/methodology/approach
International cross-country studies on stock market liquidity are categorized and reviewed. Important relevant single-country studies are also discussed.
Findings
Market liquidity is influenced by exchange characteristics (e.g. the presence of market makers) and regulations (e.g. short-sales constraints). The literature has identified the most appropriate liquidity measures for global research, and for emerging and frontier markets, respectively. Major empirical facts are as follows. Liquidity co-varies within and across countries. Both the liquidity level and liquidity uncertainty are priced internationally. Liquidity is positively associated with firm transparency and share issuance, and negatively related to dividends paid out. The impact of internationalization on liquidity is not universal across firms and countries. Some suggested areas for future studies include: dark pools, high-frequency trading, commonality in liquidity premium, funding liquidity, liquidity and capital structure, and liquidity and transparency.
Research limitations/implications
The paper focusses on international stock markets and does not consider liquidity in international bond or foreign exchange markets.
Originality/value
This paper provides a comprehensive survey of empirical studies on liquidity in international developed and emerging stock markets.
Details
Keywords
The study aims to investigate how modern methods of communication within the construction industry have brought forth a new cognitive process that participants in this industry…
Abstract
Purpose
The study aims to investigate how modern methods of communication within the construction industry have brought forth a new cognitive process that participants in this industry should undertake when communicating.
Design/methodology/approach
To achieve the objectives of the study, a literature review was compiled on the legal status of electronic communication and what the impact of the Electronic Communications and Transactions (ECT) Act, Act 25 of 2002, has had on electronic communication. A questionnaire was also distributed to quantity surveyors to ascertain the level of knowledge with regard to the application of the ECT Act.
Findings
The study found that participants are not familiar with the ECT Act and that it is highly advisable that parties to the agreement be made fully aware of how communications should be dealt with during the duration of the contract.
Research limitations/implications
The study is restricted to the South African construction industry and construction contracts and a small target population of professional quantity surveyors practicing in the Gauteng Province. The results of the research will be taken as representative of the entire country.
Practical implications
In the modern era, notifications are increasingly being communicated electronically, e.g. by electronic mail, linked computer networks, the Internet and cellular phones with appropriate media capabilities. Participants in the built environment must know how to correctly, effectively and legally, deal with this information revolution.
Originality/value
Modern means of communication, including in particular electronic emailing, demand that users properly appreciate whether the chosen method of communication has a contractually binding and legally enforceable effect. Thus, in an ever-changing built environment, participants should not only dedicate more time to ensure that information conveyed does not have legal implications, except if so intended, but that the information conveyed is unambiguous, grammatically correct and formulated professionally. This article has value as it investigates how industry stakeholders perceive the legal status of electronic communication and recommends how it should be dealt with during the execution of the contract.