Fatma A. El‐Gohary, Fayza A. Nasr, Rifaat A. Wahaab and Hamdy I. Aly
Pre‐treatment of wastewater discharged from a potato‐chips factory was the subject of this study. Wastewater discharged from this factory is characterized by high values of BOD…
Abstract
Pre‐treatment of wastewater discharged from a potato‐chips factory was the subject of this study. Wastewater discharged from this factory is characterized by high values of BOD, TSS and oil and grease (3,685, 4,115 and 169mg/l, respectively). Treatability studies via continuous aerobic and anaerobic methods treatment have been investigated. The results obtained showed marked improvement in the quality of the treated effluent using packing material versus the upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor (UASB) without packing. An extra removal in COD (53 per cent), BOD (61 percent), TSS (52 per cent) and oil and grease (46 per cent) was obtained. Corresponding residual values were 398mgO2/l, 235mgO2/l, 108mg/l and 38mg/l, respectively. Based on the laboratory results, engineering designs and economic evaluation of the different treatment systems were developed.
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Ahmed Hamdy, Jian Zhang and Riyad Eid
The authors’ examination aims to offer a quantitative perspective on the interrelationships between tourist harassment, the destination image, emotions and destination revisit…
Abstract
Purpose
The authors’ examination aims to offer a quantitative perspective on the interrelationships between tourist harassment, the destination image, emotions and destination revisit intent. Furthermore, it explores the moderating role of travelers' experiences and tolerance in the link between tourist harassment, the destination image and revisit intentions.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors’ examination seeks to fill this research gap by utilizing a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods to test eight hypotheses using AMOS 23 and PROCESS MARCO.
Findings
The findings showed that tourist harassment negatively impacts the destination image and revisit intentions. Moreover, it indicated that tourists' experiences and tolerance moderate the link between harassment, the destination image and revisit intentions for travelers with high levels of experience and tolerance compared to those with low levels.
Originality/value
This article contributes to travel research and service failure recovery research on tourist harassment and its consequences. To this end, it developed and validated a new tourist harassment scale. Moreover, it is the first study that examines the moderating role of visitors' experiences and tolerance on the link between tourist harassment, the destination image and revisit intentions. Finally, this article is the first to empirically offer destination harassment reduction techniques.
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Ahmed Hamdy and Riyad Eid
This study aims to analyze the moderating roles of familiarity, generation and gender on the impacts of coronavirus fear-uncertainty on the destination image and visiting…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to analyze the moderating roles of familiarity, generation and gender on the impacts of coronavirus fear-uncertainty on the destination image and visiting intentions post-COVID-19.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper seeks to provide evidence for a research conclusion by conducting a survey of 431 potential travelers of various nationalities who visited Egypt. The data were examined using structural equation modeling with a multigroup analysis and PROCESS MACRO.
Findings
The findings indicated that the links between coronavirus fear-uncertainty, the destination image and intention to visit were significantly different from one gender and generation group to another. Moreover, it showed that destination familiarity moderates the negative effects of coronavirus fear-uncertainty on the destination image and intention to visit.
Originality/value
To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is the first to explore the moderating role of destination familiarity, generation and gender in the effects post-COVID-19 of coronavirus fear-uncertainty on the destination image and travelers’ intention to visit using generational cohort theory and gender schema theory.
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Ahmed Hamdy, Jian Zhang and Riyad Eid
The main purposes of this article are twofold: (1) to investigate the unexplored connections among destination gender personality, destination stereotypes, brand attachment and…
Abstract
Purpose
The main purposes of this article are twofold: (1) to investigate the unexplored connections among destination gender personality, destination stereotypes, brand attachment and destination brand love and (2) to examine the moderating role of destination involvement in the association between destination stereotypes and destination brand attachment (DBA).
Design/methodology/approach
The conceptual model is evaluated using qualitative methods (i.e. three focus groups, six academic experts and a pilot study). In addition, using an empirical study with 610 international travelers who visited Egypt selected by systematic random sampling, 8 hypotheses were analyzed and tested using structural equation modeling (SEM) by AMOS 23, confirmatory factor analyses and exploratory factor analyses.
Findings
The study’s results suggest that destination gender plays a vital role in enhancing stereotypes, stereotypes positively affect attachment and DBA positively affects destination brand love. Finally, the results show that destination involvement moderates the dual influence of the warmth and competence of stereotypes on destination attachment.
Practical implications
The research supports the contention that social perception mechanisms are crucial in destination brand perception. It offers new understandings of the association between customers' destination brand perceptions and their responses to destinations.
Originality/value
This paper contributes to the travel literature by analyzing a novel model of destination gender personality, stereotypes, DBA and destination brand love using both social role (SR) theory and a stereotype content model (SCM). Besides attempting this task, it explores the moderating role of destination involvement in the association between stereotypes and destination attachment using the elaboration likelihood model.
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Ahmed Hamdy, Jian Zhang, Riyad Eid and Gomaa Agag
This paper aims to examine a new approach to understanding the interrelationships between destination brand gender, stereotypes, destination brand identification and brand…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to examine a new approach to understanding the interrelationships between destination brand gender, stereotypes, destination brand identification and brand advocacy, as well as the mediating role of destination warmth (vs. competence) in the connections between destination brand femininity (vs. masculinity) and destination brand identification.
Design/methodology/approach
A qualitative study and literature review were conducted to revisit and refine the items on the scale. Preliminary item reduction was qualitatively grounded in focus groups, a panel of experts, and a pilot study. A follow-up quantitative evaluation of two studies (N1 = 705 and N2 = 472) was conducted to test seven hypotheses using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis with structural equation modeling.
Findings
The findings provide robust evidence for the interrelationships among destination brand gender, stereotypes, destination identification and destination advocacy. The outcomes also reveal that warmth is more important than competence for destination identification. Finally, the results indicated that only destination warmth serves as a partial mediator in the association between destination brand masculinity and femininity, on the one hand, and destination identification, on the other hand.
Originality/value
This article adds to the destination branding literature by using social role theory and the stereotype content model to explore novel connections among destination brand gender, stereotypes, destination brand identification and brand advocacy.
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Fatimazahra Bendriouch, Imad Jabbouri, Harit Satt, Zineb Jariri and Mohamed M'hamdi
This paper explores the impact of tone complexity on the cost of debt in the USA.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper explores the impact of tone complexity on the cost of debt in the USA.
Design/methodology/approach
A sampling from 692 publicly nonfinancial-traded companies in the USA is employed over the period between 2010 and 2018. Generalized methods of moments (GMM) model is implemented to examine the impact of tone complexity on the cost of debt and its implications upon creditors and users.
Findings
The findings show that high-tone complexity is associated with a greater cost of debt. The use of a more complex tone in a company's annual reports has been shown to influence creditors' perceptions of risk.
Originality/value
This research pursues innovation by examining how creditors can use the tone complexity of annual report to assess the level of information asymmetry and estimate the required rate of return accordingly.
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Ahmed Hamdy, Jian Zhang and Riyad Eid
This study's goal is to look at how visitors' experiences affect the indirect links between the destination's extrinsic motivations (DEMs) and tourists' intrinsic motives (TIMs)…
Abstract
Purpose
This study's goal is to look at how visitors' experiences affect the indirect links between the destination's extrinsic motivations (DEMs) and tourists' intrinsic motives (TIMs), on the one hand, and the perceived destination image (PDI), on the other.
Design/methodology/approach
Using structural equation modeling, 613 tourists from different nationalities were used to test the five hypotheses.
Findings
The research results revealed that second-order destinations' extrinsic motivations directly impact TIM and PDI. It also showed that tourists' experiences as moderators reduce the direct effect of DEM on PDI for first-time visitors compared to repeat visitors. Moreover, it increases the direct effect of TIM on PDI for repeated visitors.
Practical implications
Destination managers can fix the problems that hurt their reputations and images by hiring police officers in tourist areas and cleaning tourist places. In the same way, destination managers and travel agencies should use AI tools to create social media marketing campaigns focusing on natural and historical monuments. Also, the marketing plans should stress the value for money (for example, lodging, food and attractions’ cost). Finally, destination marketers can make programs for repeat visitors, focusing on DEM and TIM.
Originality/value
This article tries to fill a gap in the research on PDI formation in emerging markets as a modern technique in destination marketing by using the push-intrinsic and pull-extrinsic theories. It also looks at how the tourists' experiences moderate the direct link between DEM, TIM and PDI. Lastly, this study examines how TIM affects a destination's image in emerging markets.
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Ibrahim N. Khatatbeh, Hamdi W. Samman, Wasfi A. Al Salamat and Rasmi Meqbel
This study aims to examine the effect of corporate governance (CG) mechanisms on financial fragility in non-financial corporations, using Nishi’s operationalization of Minsky’s…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to examine the effect of corporate governance (CG) mechanisms on financial fragility in non-financial corporations, using Nishi’s operationalization of Minsky’s financial instability hypothesis. Specifically, the study investigates the influence of board size, board independence, CEO duality and audit quality on the financial fragility of non-financial companies (NFCs).
Design/methodology/approach
Using a panel logit regression model, the authors analyse annual data from (66) NFCs listed on the Amman Stock Exchange, spanning over the period 2015–2021. This methodology enables us to assess the relationships between the identified CG mechanisms and the categorical proxy of financial fragility.
Findings
The findings of this study reveal that a large share of NFCs fall within Minsky’s “Ponzi” classification, indicating elevated levels of financial vulnerability. Remarkably, the analysis demonstrates that larger board sizes and the CEO-Chairman duality exacerbate financial fragility within these firms. Conversely, the study results suggest that board independence and audit quality exhibit limited effects on financial fragility. In addition, profitability, firm size and financial leverage are identified as key predictors of financial fragility.
Originality/value
This study adds to the current literature by using a financial fragility index grounded in Minsky’s financial instability hypothesis. The constructed index is then used to examine specific CG factors in relation to financial fragility, which offers new insights into the dynamics influencing the default exposure of NFCs. Furthermore, the study findings have direct implications for policymakers and stakeholders aiming to enhance CG practices and foster financial stability in the private sector.
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El Khashab G. Narmeen, Abd El-Wahab H., Albohy A.H. Salwa, Moustafa G.M. Fouda and Sharaby M. Carmen
This study aims to synthesize new cyclodiphosph(V)azane derivatives, 2,2,4,4-tetrachloro-1,3-di-[o-nitriyl]-2,4-di-[N-(pyrimidin-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide]-1,3,2,4…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to synthesize new cyclodiphosph(V)azane derivatives, 2,2,4,4-tetrachloro-1,3-di-[o-nitriyl]-2,4-di-[N-(pyrimidin-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide]-1,3,2,4- diazadiphosphetidine(H2L) ligand and their Fe(III) and Ag(I) metal complexes as insecticides for protective coatings.
Design/methodology/approach
The substitutes of cyclodiphosph(V)azane sulfonomide and their Fe(III), Ag(I) metal complexes were prepared and confirmed by a combination of elemental analyses, mass spectra, conductivity measurement-vis, FTIR, 1H,13C-NMR TGA, XRD and Docking investigation of the ligand and some complexes to verify their drug ability. The prepared compounds have been incorporated with a polyurethane (PU) coating formula. Gloss, scratch resistance, flexibility and adhesion are some of the coating attributes investigated; mechanical capabilities include impact resistance and shore hardness and physicochemical properties such as chemical resistance of coated PU samples are also investigated.
Findings
The results of the experiments revealed that all PU coatings based on the prepared compounds had good scratch resistance which varied from >1.8 to >2.2 kg. Gloss value varied from 85 to 95 and impact resistance from 1.4 to 2.0 (J), whereas the authors noticed that there was no effect of the prepared compounds in the flexibility and adhesion test. These PU coatings have excellent chemical resistance except the alkali resistance. Insecticide activities of the prepared compounds are promising for resistance to these insects. It was noticed that, metal complex > incorporated PU with Fe (III) metal complex > incorporated PU with ligand.
Originality/value
Insecticide paints based on cyclodiphosph(V)azane sulfonamide and their Fe(III), Ag(I) metal complexes as insecticide agents are novel.
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Mohamed Ashour, Alaa Mohamed, Abou Bakr Elshalakany, Tarek Osman and Aly Khatab
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the rheological characteristics of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and hybridized nanocomposite consisting of multi-walled carbon…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the rheological characteristics of graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and hybridized nanocomposite consisting of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and GNPs as an additive on lithium-based grease. The experiments of nanogrease are examined in different values of shear stress, apparent viscosity, temperature and shear rate using Brookfield Programmable Rheometer DV-III ULTRA and characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD).
Design/methodology/approach
First, GNPs was mixed well with lithium grease using mechanical stirring at 3,500 rpm for 15 min at room temperature to form a homogenous composite at different concentrations (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 Wt.%). Afterwards, MWCNTs and GNPs are mixed and dispersed well in the lithium grease using a sonication path for 30 min and mechanical stirring at 3,500 rpm for 15 min at 28°C to form a homogenous nanocomposite.
Findings
The results indicated that 1 Wt.% of GNPs is the optimum concentration. Subsequently, the weight percentage of additives varying between MWCNTs and GNPs are tested, and the result indicate that the grease containing GNPs had a 75 per cent increase in shear stress and 93.7 per cent increase in apparent viscosity over ordinary grease.
Originality/value
This work describes the inexpensive and simple fabrication of nanogrease for improving properties of lubricants, which improve power efficiency and extend lifetimes of mechanical equipment.