Jifeng Ren, Rajib Ahmed and Haider Butt
The purpose of this paper is to analyse nanosecond pulsed laser ablation on both metallic materials and non-metallic materials; a comparison between metallic materials and…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyse nanosecond pulsed laser ablation on both metallic materials and non-metallic materials; a comparison between metallic materials and non-metallic materials has also been included.
Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, FEM method has been used to calculate the result by means of the finite element method. Furthermore, all the analyses are based on thermal theories.
Findings
The paper presents a comparison of metallic and non-metallic materials. Besides, the effect of how laser parameter changes would influence the ablation depth has also been assessed.
Research limitations/implications
All studies in this paper are based on classical thermal theories. Thermal theories are not applicable some times.
Originality/value
With the results of this paper, suggestions are made so that experiments and manufactures could be optimised and improved.
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The purpose of this paper is to investigate conjugate heat transfer of natural convection and entropy generation of nanofluid in the presence of external magnetic field via…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate conjugate heat transfer of natural convection and entropy generation of nanofluid in the presence of external magnetic field via numerical approach in an inclined square cavity enclosure.
Design/methodology/approach
Control volume finite volume method with collocated arrangement of grids was used for discretization of continuity, momentum, solid and fluid energy equations. Rhie and Chow interpolation technique was applied to avoid checkerboard problem in pressure field and the well-established SIMPLE algorithm was followed to deal with the pressure and velocity coupling. The cavity is filled with water and nanoparticles of the aluminum oxide (Al2O3). This study has been conducted for the certain pertinent parameters of the volume fraction of nanoparticle (φ = 0–0.08), the angle of inclination (ϴ = 0°–330°), the Ra number (Ra = 103–108), the solid to fluid conductivity ratio (ksf = 1–400), the Ha number (Ha = 0–80) and the wall thickness ratio (δ/L = 0–0.3).
Findings
The results indicate that averaged Nu number increases by approximately 9% by increasing volume fraction from 0.0 to 0.08. Nu increases with an increasing inclination angle to 40° and decreases abruptly in 90° because of the formation of two weaker vorticity with opposite circulation pattern intensifying the density of isotherm curves in a vertical direction. Nu increases sharply with increasing Ra more than 105. Nu also augments almost 67% by increasing ksf = 1 to ksf = 50 and remains constant by increasing ksf more than 50. Nu number reduction is almost 72% with a variation of wall thickness ratio from d/L = 0 to 0.3. Entropy generation because of fluid flow, magnetic field and heat transfer reduces linearly almost 30%, 19% and 16% by increasing volume fraction, respectively. With increasing ksf, entropy generation because of fluid flow, magnetic field and heat transfer increases asymptotically, but Bejan number decreases.
Originality/value
A brief review of conducted research studies in nanofluid flow and heat transfer reveals that the effect of wall thermal inertia was not investigated in MHD natural convection of nanofluids in an inclined enclosure. The aim of the present study is to analyze conjugate heat transfer in an inclined cavity filled with water and Al2O3.
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Sajjad Haider, Adnan Saeed Butt, Imran Syed Muhammad, Asif Ali, Yun-Zhang Li, Syed Muhammad Ali Naqvi and Muhammad Adnan Qaiser
The purpose of this study is to theoretically probe the shape impacts of nano-particle on boundary layer flow of nano-fluid toward a stretching cylinder with heat-transmission…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to theoretically probe the shape impacts of nano-particle on boundary layer flow of nano-fluid toward a stretching cylinder with heat-transmission effects. The base fluid used for this study is pure water, and aluminum oxide nano-particles are suspended in it. Four different shapes of nano-particle, namely, cylindrical, brick, platelets and blades, are considered to carry out the study.
Design/methodology/approach
The problem is modelled mathematically and the nonlinear system of equations is attained by using appropriate transmutations. The solution of transmuted equations is achieved by utilizing a shooting technique with Fourth-Fifth order Runge–Kutta Fehlberg scheme. Numerically attained results are elucidated through graphs and tables which are further compared under limiting cases with existing literature to check the validity of the results.
Findings
It is observed that fluid velocity and temperature of cylindrical shaped water nano-fluids are more than the nano-fluid having brick-shaped nano-particles. Moreover, it is seen that the nano-fluids suspended with platelets-shaped nano-particles have higher velocity and temperature than the nano-fluids containing blade-shaped nano-particles. The curvature parameter and nano-particles volume fraction have increasing effects on flow velocity and temperature of nano-fluids containing all types of nano-particle shapes.
Originality/value
Numerous authors have examined the impacts of nano-particle shapes on characteristics of heat transfer and fluid flow. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, the shape impacts of nano-particles on boundary layer flow of nano-fluid toward a stretching cylinder with heat-transmission effects have not been discussed. So, to fulfill this gap, the present paper explicates the impacts of various nano-particle shapes on Al2O3–water-based nano-fluid flow past a stretching cylinder with heat-transfer effects.
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Sajjad Haider, Imran Syed Muhammad, Yun-Zhang Li and Adnan Saeed Butt
This paper aims to incorporate a numerical investigation of unsteady flow of nano-fluid near the boundary wall and heat transmission over a flat sheet in porous media under the…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to incorporate a numerical investigation of unsteady flow of nano-fluid near the boundary wall and heat transmission over a flat sheet in porous media under the assumption that sheet is continuously stretching. A comprehensive study is accomplished to probe the impacts of different physical parameters on heat transmission and fluid flow.
Design/methodology/approach
The problem is designed mathematically by using Navier–Stokes equations and corresponding equations are transmuted into non-dimensional form, which are reduced to local non-similarity equations. Implicit finite difference scheme is used to attain a non-similar solution for values of similarity variable ranging in [0,1]
Findings
The reduced Nusselt number is a decreasing function of each dimensionless number, while the reduced Sherwood number is an increasing function of each considered value of parameters Pr, Sc, Nb and Nt.
Originality value
Motivated by the industrial, technological and scientific importance, the objective of this study is to discuss the unsteady flow generated by linear stretching of the surface in Nano-fluid in a porous medium. However, the investigation of unsteady boundary layer flow and heat transfer of a Nano-fluid past a stretching surface immersed in a porous medium has not been discussed yet. Furthermore, finite difference scheme is used to solve the problem, and authenticate results are achieved which are in good agreement with published work.
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Syed Jalaluddin Haider and Khalid Mahmood
The aim of this study is to provide an insight to international readers into the perspective of doctoral level research in Pakistan. The factors which led to the start of this…
Abstract
Purpose
The aim of this study is to provide an insight to international readers into the perspective of doctoral level research in Pakistan. The factors which led to the start of this program and difficulties encountered in this regard at different universities are discussed.
Design/methodology/approach
The study is mainly based on review of the literature. Research theses approved at MPhil and PhD level are evaluated. Some information collected from Library and Information Science (LIS) schools through personal communication is also provided.
Findings
The problems that did not allow success in the doctoral programs in LIS were: lack of encouragement by seniors in a real sense; low esteem for indigenous PhD degree in the eyes of fellow professionals; little or no impact of early recipients of the degree on profession; and non‐availability of financial assistance to the prospective candidates. Of the findings mention is made of: no fixed criteria for admission; the research topics do not concern the problems; and absence of proper supervision/guidance resulting in poor quality of thesis in most cases. Suggestions include: formation of a high level committee comprising senior library educators under the Higher Education Commission to work out problems and streamline the process; maintenance of close links with library schools in other countries, particularly in the English speaking world, which are interested in global librarianship.
Originality/value
This paper is the only evaluation of postmaster level LIS education in Pakistan. The findings are useful for planners of LIS education at postmaster level in Pakistan as well as in other developing countries.
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Christophe Gaie, Bertrand Florat and Steven Morvan
In the present article, the authors tackle the problem of IT documentation, which plays an important role in information technology (IT) project management.
Abstract
Purpose
In the present article, the authors tackle the problem of IT documentation, which plays an important role in information technology (IT) project management.
Design/methodology/approach
They provide a simple tool based on five complementary views, which should be detailed by the project team using a classic source code management platform.
Findings
The proposed tool is open source and may be reused by any IT team in various project contexts and heterogeneous development methods.
Originality/value
This research provides an operational framework, which facilitates IT project management and documentation. The framework is open source and may be easily downloaded by any other IT team.
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Muhammad Faisal Sultan, Muhammad Asim, Raza Ali Khan and Sadia Shaikh
Digital financial inclusion is a need of the recent era in order to flourish the growth of economies as well as businesses and individuals. Thus, varieties of digital technologies…
Abstract
Digital financial inclusion is a need of the recent era in order to flourish the growth of economies as well as businesses and individuals. Thus, varieties of digital technologies are launched to provide ease and leverage to customers’ financial needs. Among the well-known digital technologies, Fintech emerged as a well-known and accepted form of digital technologies. However, the acceptance level is much lower, especially in developing sides of the world like Pakistan where issues related to cyber-security are the major hindrance in the way of digitization and n-tier online payments. However, with a massive youth population, Pakistan also has the opportunity to use Fintech as the major tool for economic and social development. Therefore, this chapter has been written purposely to shed light on the importance, use, and role of Fintech in the growth of developing countries like Pakistan. The purpose is to increase the knowledge of youth about financial technologies especially Fintech so they may embrace their abilities with technological innovation, especially for their financial needs. On the other side, the chapter will also address the lack of research on this emerging trend to diverge the focus of researchers and academicians towards Fintech and its uses, scope, implications, and benefits for developing countries.
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Khalid Mahmood, Abdul Hameed and Syed Jalaluddin Haider
To survey fundraising activities of government sector libraries in Pakistan.
Abstract
Purpose
To survey fundraising activities of government sector libraries in Pakistan.
Design/methodology/approach
A questionnaire survey of randomly selected 100 large university, college, public and special libraries of Pakistan is conducted.
Findings
The review of literature reveals that no formal survey of such activities was carried out before. However, general library literature in the country mentions the examples of donations and gifts received in libraries. Data collected through survey show that very few libraries are involved in fundraising activities. Significant donations are given by foundations, international agencies and some individuals. The reasons for non‐engagement of most of the libraries in such activities are shortage of staff and parent organizations' involvement through other offices. Most of the libraries have no future plans for fundraising.
Research limitations/implications
The survey only focuses on large libraries in the public sector. Small libraries, school libraries and private sector libraries are not covered.
Practical implications
This is the first paper on this topic in Pakistan. It will help LIS decision makers plan for fundraising activities in libraries.
Originality/value
This paper presents a comprehensive literature review on fundraising in Pakistan. It is the first survey of such activities in this country. The experiences shared by libraries can be helpful for other developing countries.
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Allison S. Gabriel, David F. Arena, Charles Calderwood, Joanna Tochman Campbell, Nitya Chawla, Emily S. Corwin, Maira E. Ezerins, Kristen P. Jones, Anthony C. Klotz, Jeffrey D. Larson, Angelica Leigh, Rebecca L. MacGowan, Christina M. Moran, Devalina Nag, Kristie M. Rogers, Christopher C. Rosen, Katina B. Sawyer, Kristen M. Shockley, Lauren S. Simon and Kate P. Zipay
Organizational researchers studying well-being – as well as organizations themselves – often place much of the burden on employees to manage and preserve their own well-being…
Abstract
Organizational researchers studying well-being – as well as organizations themselves – often place much of the burden on employees to manage and preserve their own well-being. Missing from this discussion is how – from a human resources management (HRM) perspective – organizations and managers can directly and positively shape the well-being of their employees. The authors use this review to paint a picture of what organizations could be like if they valued people holistically and embraced the full experience of employees’ lives to promote well-being at work. In so doing, the authors tackle five challenges that managers may have to help their employees navigate, but to date have received more limited empirical and theoretical attention from an HRM perspective: (1) recovery at work; (2) women’s health; (3) concealable stigmas; (4) caregiving; and (5) coping with socio-environmental jolts. In each section, the authors highlight how past research has treated managerial or organizational support on these topics, and pave the way for where research needs to advance from an HRM perspective. The authors conclude with ideas for tackling these issues methodologically and analytically, highlighting ways to recruit and support more vulnerable samples that are encapsulated within these topics, as well as analytic approaches to study employee experiences more holistically. In sum, this review represents a call for organizations to now – more than ever – build thriving organizations.
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Addie Martindale and Ellen McKinney
The purpose of this paper is to explore garment consumption decision processes of female consumers when they have the option to sew or purchase their clothing.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore garment consumption decision processes of female consumers when they have the option to sew or purchase their clothing.
Design/methodology/approach
This research study presents a segment of the findings from a larger qualitative grounded theory study on women who choose to sew clothing for themselves (Martindale, 2017). This research analyzed the interview data pertaining to the unique sew or purchase decision-making process in which these consumers undertake as well as the related control over ready-to-wear consumption that sewing provides them.
Findings
The ability to sew resulted in a unique consumer decision-making process in regard to the clothing purchases due to the control it provided them over their ready-to-wear consumption. The women developed factors that they used to make the decision to sew or purchase. Over all the ability to sew provided them the option to sew or purchase clothing, allowing the women more control over their clothing selection specifically in regard to the garments body fit.
Research limitations/implications
This study was limited to English-speaking women living in the North America. The qualitative data collected are specific to this sample which cannot be generalized to all female home sewers. Research involving a larger population of women from a larger geographic area is needed.
Practical implications
The newly developed sew or purchase model provides an understanding of the control that having the option to sew or purchase provides female consumers. The findings offer apparel industry professionals a new perspective on ready-to-wear consumer dissatisfaction. The investment that is made when a garment is sewn instead of purchased has the potential to increase wardrobe sustainability as the consumer experiences more attachment to the clothing they have made. The model serves a starting point for further exploration into other craft-related consumer decision behaviors.
Originality/value
Purchasing decisions of this nature have yet to be considered in published research. Exploring these women’s decisions who operate outside of typical consumer culture and developing a model for this consumer behavior explains a phenomenon not yet addressed by existing consumer consumption research.