THE following article is intended us a discussion of the methods by which the cabin and wall temperatures can be investigated and the consequent deductions made for any pressure…
Abstract
THE following article is intended us a discussion of the methods by which the cabin and wall temperatures can be investigated and the consequent deductions made for any pressure cabin aircraft generally.
THE methods and formula outlined below are applicable to any shape of fuselage, but an elliptical one is assumed to serve as an illustration.
BEING basically a strain energy problem, no quick method has so far been evolved—to the author's knowledge—for the determination of the relative distribution of the torque between…
Abstract
BEING basically a strain energy problem, no quick method has so far been evolved—to the author's knowledge—for the determination of the relative distribution of the torque between the skin tube and the spars for other conditions than those in which the wing section and the applied torque is constant throughout the span.
This article is intended, firstly, as a means to a quick determination of the maximum stresses in such a channel, and secondly, to give the reader a clearer insight into the…
Abstract
This article is intended, firstly, as a means to a quick determination of the maximum stresses in such a channel, and secondly, to give the reader a clearer insight into the behaviour of an open section generally.
IN order to obtain a clear view of the analysis it is perhaps better first to consider the analogy of a channel section rigidly attached to two cylinders subjected to a shear at…
Abstract
IN order to obtain a clear view of the analysis it is perhaps better first to consider the analogy of a channel section rigidly attached to two cylinders subjected to a shear at their in the plane of the web of the channel (see Fig. 1).
To the Editor: DEAR SIR, With reference to my article on “Tapered Spar Frames,” published in AIRCRAFT ENGINEERING for April 1941, I should like, with your permission, to clarify a…
Abstract
To the Editor: DEAR SIR, With reference to my article on “Tapered Spar Frames,” published in AIRCRAFT ENGINEERING for April 1941, I should like, with your permission, to clarify a small point about which I understand some doubt has arisen.
Eline Aas, Tor Iversen and Oddvar Kaarboe
The Norwegian health care system is semi-decentralized. Primary care and long-term care (LTC) are the responsibilities of the municipalities. Specialist care is the responsibility…
Abstract
The Norwegian health care system is semi-decentralized. Primary care and long-term care (LTC) are the responsibilities of the municipalities. Specialist care is the responsibility of the central government and is organised through four Regional Health Authorities (RHA). Resource use, health outcomes and severity are the three main pillars for priority setting, regularly applied in reimbursement decisions for pharmaceuticals.
The sustainability of health care is challenged in Norway. The main factors are a growing elderly population with high need of complex, coordinated services, an increasing demand for newly approved drugs and advanced technology and a potential shortage of health care personnel.
We present recent trials and policy reforms in Norway aimed at improving care pathways combined with cost containment. Reforms in the pharmaceutical market, both with regard to market access and reimbursement (cost-effectiveness), and regulation of prices, have resulted in cost containment. The primary care sector awaits reform initiatives to recruit and retain physicians as general practitioners. No reform in the hospital sector has had cost containment as a main focus. The sector is characterized with low productivity growth, and expenditures that have increased more than the GDP growth. Waiting times are long, and coordination between sub-sectors of health care has been poor, although the Coordination reform of 2012 has alleviated some of the challenges related to intersectoral coordination. Still, the divided responsibility for health care between the central government and the municipalities creates tensions between national ambitions and local decisions in the financing and provision of health services.
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Jared C. Carbone and Snorre Kverndokk
Empirical studies show that years of schooling are positively correlated with good health. The implication may go from education to health, from health to education, or from…
Abstract
Empirical studies show that years of schooling are positively correlated with good health. The implication may go from education to health, from health to education, or from factors that influence both variables. We formalize a model that determines an individual’s demand for knowledge and health based on the causal effects, and study the impacts on the individual’s decisions of policy instruments such as subsidies on medical care, subsidizing schooling, income tax reduction, lump-sum transfers, and improving health at young age. Our results indicate that income redistribution policies may be the best instrument to improve welfare, while a medical care subsidy is the best instrument for longevity. Subsidies to medical care or education would require large imperfections in these markets to be more welfare improving than distributional policies.
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SINCE the year 1940, there have appeared two major reports on the Public Library system in Great Britain. The first, “The public library system of Great Britain: a report on its…
Abstract
SINCE the year 1940, there have appeared two major reports on the Public Library system in Great Britain. The first, “The public library system of Great Britain: a report on its present condition, with proposals for post‐war re‐organisation” by Lionel R. McColvin, appeared in 1942. It suggested sweeping changes in the organisation of the public library system, more radical and far‐reaching than those embodied in the recent recommendations of the Library Association for local government reform. On library co‐operation, the report was equally radical, though certain similarities with the recommendations of the second report are apparent.