H.H. Budds, F.W. Hofmann, E.E. Lundberg, H.T. Platz and H.J. Roesch
THIS paper is being written in a spirit of co‐operation between the automobile industry and the aircraft industry. If anything is said which may appear to be an attempt to detract…
Abstract
THIS paper is being written in a spirit of co‐operation between the automobile industry and the aircraft industry. If anything is said which may appear to be an attempt to detract from the splendid record of achievement of the aircraft industry, it should be remembered that it is not our intention to do so.
Eating and swallowing are natural processes for sustaining life. Every occasion that we celebrate involves food. Swallowing is a complex and intricate process that involves the…
Abstract
Eating and swallowing are natural processes for sustaining life. Every occasion that we celebrate involves food. Swallowing is a complex and intricate process that involves the coordination of neural control, muscles, nerves, and respiration working together for normal swallowing to occur. When a traumatic event occurs that compromises those systems, swallowing will inevitably be affected. Children who have sustained traumatic events will have devastating effects on normal development and swallowing. Some may require feeding tubes as their primary source of nutrition while others may require the assistance of a speech-language pathologist. This chapter will provide insight in conditions that impact feeding and swallowing and the role of specialists working with learners who exhibit those problems.
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An improved velocity‐space carrier transport model is presented, based on a direct solution of the Boltzmann Transport Equation. This model attempts to achieve the computational…
Abstract
An improved velocity‐space carrier transport model is presented, based on a direct solution of the Boltzmann Transport Equation. This model attempts to achieve the computational efficiency required for device simulation, while still solving for the distribution function itself. This preserves critical fine structure effects due a non‐ideal band structure and forward scattering mechanisms. The model includes a numerically efficient representation of three dimensional k‐space formulated around a 1D velocity‐space variable, and the particle energy. The number of empirical parameters in the model is reduced to a single constant per scattering mechanism. A physically intuitive solution algorithm is developed which repeatedly shifts and shapes the estimate of the distribution until convergence. Results are presented for the steady‐state homogeneous case in silicon and GaAs, which are of comparable computational cost as drift‐diffusion simulations.
Charalambos Pitros and Yusuf Arayici
The purpose of this paper is to provide a decision support model for the early diagnosis of housing bubbles in the UK during the maturity process of the phenomenon.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide a decision support model for the early diagnosis of housing bubbles in the UK during the maturity process of the phenomenon.
Design/methodology/approach
The development process of the model is divided into four stages. These stages are driven by the normal distribution theorem coupled with the case study approach. The application of normal distribution theory is allowed through the usage of several parametric tools. The case studies tested in this research include the last two UK housing bubbles, 1986 to 1989 and 2001/2002 to 2007. The central hypothesis of the model is that during housing bubbles, all speculative activities of market participants follow an approximate synchronisation, and therefore, an irrational, synchronous and periodic increase on a wide range of relevant variables must occur to anticipate the bubble component. An empirical application of the model is conducted on UK housing market data over the period of 1983-2011.
Findings
The new approach successfully identifies the well-known UK historical bubble episodes over the period of 1983-2011. The study further determines that for uncovering housing bubbles in the UK, house price changes have the same weight with the debt–burden ratio when their velocity is positive. Finally, the application of this model has led us to conclude that the model’s outputs fluctuate approximately in line with phases of the UK real estate cycle.
Originality/value
This paper proposes a new measure for studying the presence of housing bubbles. This measure is not simply an ex post detection technique but dating algorithms that use data only up to the point of analysis for an on-going bubble assessment, giving an early warning diagnostic that can assist market participants and regulators in market monitoring.
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In investment decision making, the net present value (NPV) rule is often used alongside the well‐known capital asset pricing model (CAPM). In particular, the use of disequilibrium…
Abstract
Purpose
In investment decision making, the net present value (NPV) rule is often used alongside the well‐known capital asset pricing model (CAPM). In particular, the use of disequilibrium NPV is endorsed in corporate finance for both valuation and decision. The purpose of this paper is to test the reliability of this approach to capital budgeting valuations and decisions.
Design/methodology/approach
The use of disequilibrium values for computing a project's NPV is considered, and the consistency with the CAPM is checked. The resulting valuation and decision are contrasted with the no‐arbitrage principle, which is universally considered a benchmark for rationality.
Findings
The paper finds that the disequilibrium NPV is logically deducted from the CAPM for decision‐making purposes. However, this NPV provides nonadditive values, which makes it inconsistent with the no‐arbitrage principle.
Practical implications
The use of the CAPM+NPV procedure for valuing projects is invalid if disequilibrium values are used. Its use for decision making is logically valid but practically unsafe, because decision makers may frame equivalent courses of action in different ways, resulting in different decisions, which implies that they may incur arbitrage losses.
Originality/value
The literature does not distinguish between equilibrium and disequilibrium NPV nor between valuation and decision. This paper explicitly makes this distinction and the resulting consequences are highlighted.
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THE use of original and unconventional approaches to lubrication, a subject steeped in tradition, offers an example of the need today in research to use imagination as a…
Abstract
THE use of original and unconventional approaches to lubrication, a subject steeped in tradition, offers an example of the need today in research to use imagination as a springboard, rather than the lines dictated by previous papers and observations. One might say that the science of lubrication had it too easy for a century, but the sudden emergence of new devices and machines after World War II revealed how the technology in this field had lagged behind. New engineering designs tended to be bogged down because they could not be lubricated adequately, and the rise in rubbing speeds and temperatures which accompanied even conventional equipment served to make things more difficult still.
Katharine Burn, Richard Harris and Joseph Smith
This chapter provides a context for other case-study chapters in this volume that explore in more depth steps taken to provide a decolonised perspective in the history curriculum…
Abstract
This chapter provides a context for other case-study chapters in this volume that explore in more depth steps taken to provide a decolonised perspective in the history curriculum. The chapter first provides a brief overview of developments in recent years towards diversifying the history curriculum. It then focuses specifically on two surveys conducted by the Historical Association in 2019 and 2021, examining how history teachers have responded to more recent calls both to diversify and (from some) to decolonise the curriculum. As the surveys only provide self-reported data about any changes made (rather than allowing direct observation of teachers’ practice), it is not possible to determine whether a genuinely decolonised approach is being adopted. There are, nonetheless, clear indications that small but significant steps are being taken in many school contexts to diversify curriculum content, seeking to address both an overwhelming Anglo-centric bias and a narrow conception of what constitutes ‘British history’.
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Ontology in information studies consists of antinomic conceptions, methodologies, and emphases in both application and philosophizing. A comprehensive understanding of ontology in…
Abstract
Purpose
Ontology in information studies consists of antinomic conceptions, methodologies, and emphases in both application and philosophizing. A comprehensive understanding of ontology in information studies can be achieved by employing Slavoj Žižek's parallax view which holds that reality is not only best understood by articulating conflicting perspectives on a particular phenomenon, but that given phenomena are fundamentally constrained by incommensurable perspectives that must be acknowledged accordingly. The paper aims to discuss these issues.
Design/methodology/approach
Ontology in information studies, including computational ontology development, is analyzed using critical information theory based on Heideggerian, poststructuralist, and anti-postmodern philosophy. The discussion is framed by Žižek's notion of the parallax Real.
Findings
A complete understanding of ontology in information studies that does not reduce ontology to a totalizing theory or sequester notions of ontology to conflicting, unrelated discourses, necessarily accepts articulating the alterity between differing ontological views as the means by which one can best allude to what “ontology in information studies really is.”
Originality/value
This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of radically different ontological perspectives on the nature of reality with respect to digital technology.
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The professional discourse on academic library planning and design is examined. A critical realist philosophical stance and a constructionist perspective constitute the…
Abstract
The professional discourse on academic library planning and design is examined. A critical realist philosophical stance and a constructionist perspective constitute the theoretical framework that, paired with Fairclough's methodology for critical discourse analysis, is used to examine the constitution of interpretative repertoires and of a discourse constructing the academic library as a learning place. The information commons, learning commons, and library designed for learning repertoires are described and the effects of discursive activity are analyzed. Three types of effects are presented: (1) the production by the LIS community of discourse on academic libraries of a sizable body of literature on the information commons and on the learning commons, (2) the construction of new types of libraries on the commons model proposed by Beagle, and (3) the metaphorization of the library as business. The study concludes that the existing discourse takes a facilities management perspective dominated by concerns with technology, equipment, and space requirements that does not address the physical, psychological, and environmental qualities of library space design. Consequently, it is suggested that architectural programming techniques should be used in library planning and design that consider the architectural features and environmental design factors contributing to the making of a place where learning is facilitated.
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Paul Flanagan, Robert Johnston and Derek Talbot
The purpose of this paper is to better understand the concept of “confidence”, to assess its relationship with customer contact and to identify the dimensions and triggers of…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to better understand the concept of “confidence”, to assess its relationship with customer contact and to identify the dimensions and triggers of “confidence” in an important organisation with which many people may have only limited contact.
Design/methodology/approach
The research was commissioned by the Northamptonshire Police in the UK and was based on data collected through focus groups held in the area. The groups were split into individuals who had limited contact with the police and individuals who had traumatic dealings with the police (e.g. had been the victim of a serious crime).
Findings
The findings supported earlier research which suggested that there was a fall in confidence after contact with the police. The analysis of the discussions revealed four key dimensions of confidence (i.e. what made people feel confident). Several types of confidence triggers were also identified, over some of which the police have control, pre‐contact, during contact and post‐contact.
Research limitations/implications
The research focused on one public sector organisation using a small number of focus group interviews.
Originality/value
Organisations can influence, at least to some extent, consumer confidence before use. The research also questions whether some organisations should assess confidence rather than, or in addition to, satisfaction.