Hatem E. Gaffer, Mohamed R. Elgohary, Hassan Ali Etman and Saad Shaaban
The purpose of this paper was to synthesize novel antibacterial reactive dyes for dyeing cotton fabrics.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper was to synthesize novel antibacterial reactive dyes for dyeing cotton fabrics.
Design/methodology/approach
Four synthetic novel antibacterial reactive dyes based on sulfonamide (D1-D4) have been synthesized by the coupling reaction of sulfonamide diazonium salt with sulfonamido-cyanurated 7-amino-4-hydroxynaphthalene-2-sulfonic acid “j-acid”. The chemical structure of the synthesized dyes was secured by their spectral data [infra red (IR) and proton Nuclear magnetic Resonance (1HNMR)].
Findings
The prepared reactive dyes (D1-D4) were applied to cotton fabrics. Optimum conditions of the dying samples at sodium sulfate 100 g/l, liquor ratio (L.R.) 1:10, sodium carbonate 20 g/l at 80°C (D1, D2 and D4), 60°C (D3 for 60 min) were investigated. The fastness properties toward washing, perspiration, rubbing and light were evaluated. Dyed fabrics showed good light fastness property and good to very good washing and perspiration fastness properties according to the gray scale. Antimicrobial activities for synthesized dyes showed excellent activity against gram-negative organisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis faecalis, whereas very good activity against gram-positive organisms such as Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis with respect to the standard drugs ampicillin and chloramphenicol.
Originality/value
The principle advantages in this study were that the synthesis of novel synthesized dyes by introducing bisulfonamide-based moieties to increase the antimicrobial activity of the cellulose fabrics could be used as a medical textile, short reaction time and reaction procedure conducted in few steps, the work up is convenient and thus the starting material can be easily prepared.
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Hatem E. Gaffer and Ismail I. Althagafi
The purpose of this paper is to synthesize some new azobenzene dyestuffs clubbed with thiazolidinone moiety and their solicitation in dyeing polyester fabrics representing their…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to synthesize some new azobenzene dyestuffs clubbed with thiazolidinone moiety and their solicitation in dyeing polyester fabrics representing their antibacterial evaluation.
Design/methodology/approach
Herein, the authors report the synthesis of new thiazolidinone moiety after the coupling of diazotized 4-aminoacetophenone with resorcinol. The newly synthesized dyes were characterized by IR, elemental analysis, mass spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectral studies. The characteristics of dyeing of these dyestuffs were evaluated at optimum conditions. Concurrent with dyeing of polyester fabric for synthesized dyes with their antibacterial activity was estimated. Antimicrobial activity of the dyed fabrics at different concentrations was evaluated against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
Findings
Synthesized azobenzene dyestuffs clubbed with thiazolidinone dyes were applied on polyester fabrics. It was remarked that the modified dyes exhibited better colourfastness properties. Furthermore, the synthesized dyes revealed antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
Research limitations/implications
The synthesized azobenzene dyes for polyester dyeing were not bore earlier.
Practical implications
The azobenzene dyes were accountable for giving improved colourfastness properties on polyester fabrics.
Social implications
The synthesized azobenzene derivatives are sensibly expensive and applicable dyes accompanied with good antimicrobial and anticancer activities.
Originality/value
A common process could be affording textiles of colour and antibacterial assets. The newly synthesized dyes containing thiazolidinone moieties with azobenzene coupler showed interesting disperse colourant for polyester with good antibacterial activity.
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H.E. Gaffer, S. Shaaban, N.A. Abed and E. Abdel-latif
This paper aimed to synthesise some new selenium-containing pyrazole, thiazole and thiophene dyestuffs and investigate their application in dyeing polyester fabrics.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aimed to synthesise some new selenium-containing pyrazole, thiazole and thiophene dyestuffs and investigate their application in dyeing polyester fabrics.
Design/methodology/approach
4,4′-Diselanediyl-bis-(2-methoxyaniline) was diazotized by acetic acid/sodium nitrite and coupled with active methylene components such as malononitrile, ethyl cyanoacetate and ethyl acetoacetate, and their corresponding hydrazono products were cyclised with hydrazine or phenyl hydrazine to obtain a series of arylazo-pyrazole dyestuffs. Furthermore, diazo-coupling reactions of the diazotized 4,4′-diselanediyl-bis-(2-methoxyaniline) were developed to obtain a new series of 2-amino-5-arylazo-thiazole- and 4-aryazo-3-hydroxy-2-substituted thiophene dyestuffs.
Findings
The structure of the synthesised dyestuffs was established and confirmed based on their elemental analysis and spectral data (infrared, proton nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectroscopies). The synthesised selenium-containing dyestuffs were applied as disperse dyes on polyester fabrics by high temperature-pressure technique. The dyeing characteristics of these dyestuffs were evaluated, and they were found to exhibit good fastness properties.
Originality/value
A series of symmetrical diselenide dyestuffs containing pyrazole, thiazole or thiophene coupler components were synthesised. The authors studied their application for dyeing polyester fabrics; they are superior in terms of preparation, yield, purity and fastness properties.
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This study aims to the synthesis of some novel 4-arylazo-3-hydroxythiophene analogues containing sulphapyridine and sulphathiazole dyestuffs and studying their application in…
Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to the synthesis of some novel 4-arylazo-3-hydroxythiophene analogues containing sulphapyridine and sulphathiazole dyestuffs and studying their application in dyeing polyester fabrics and rendering their antibacterial efficacy.
Design/methodology/approach
Simultaneous dyeing and antibacterial finishing for polyester fabric using a new antibacterial disperse dye having a modified chemical structure to thiophene dyes were studied. Construction of the thiophene dyes was carried out by diazo-coupling of diazotized sulphonamide-containing heterocyclic rings sulphapyridine and sulphathiazole with ethyl α-phenylthiocarbamoyl-acetoacetate followed by cyclizing the produced 2-arylazo-thioacetanilide with various α-halogenated reagents. All newly synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental analysis and extensive study of their spectral data (IR and 1H-NMR). The dyeing characteristics of these thiophene dyestuffs were evaluated at optimum conditions. Antibacterial activities of the obtained thiophene dyes were studied against some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
Findings
The synthesized thiophene-containing sulphonamides dyes were applied on polyester fabric. The modified dyes exhibited a good fastness properties and antibacterial efficacy against some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Synthesized dyes showed higher antibacterial potency than the reference standard drug.
Research limitations/implications
Synthesis of these disperse azo dyes for textile dyeing had never been reported previously.
Practical implications
The dyestuffs derived from thiophene are reasonable azo disperse dyestuffs giving good all-round fastness properties on polyester fabrics.
Originality/value
Thiophene dyes are used for dyeing polyester fabrics with brilliant colour and good fastness properties. The presence of sulphonamides moieties increase their fastness properties and elevate their antibacterial properties. Moreover, they can be used as antimicrobial finish due to their bactericidal properties on dyed textiles. This work afforded a new thiophene colorant that can be used in many different uses like polyester packing, thread Surgery, blends and other uses in medical textile.
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Hatem Gaffer, Mounir Salem and Magda Marzouk
The present study aims to focus on the possibility of developing new eco-friendly azo dyes with good colouristic application properties, exhibiting biological and pharmacological…
Abstract
Purpose
The present study aims to focus on the possibility of developing new eco-friendly azo dyes with good colouristic application properties, exhibiting biological and pharmacological activities.
Design/methodology/approach
Coupling of 4-hydroxycoumarin with a variety of aromatic diazonium salts of 2-aminothiazole, 2-aminobenzothiazole, 4-aminoantipyrine, 4-aminoacetophenone, adenine sulphate, a-naphthylamine and sulphadimidine to produce novel azo dyes. The compounds were fully characterised using spectroscopic and analytical methods. All of the compounds were tested for their antimicrobial, anticancer and antioxidant activities. The prepared dyestuffs were dyed on polyester fabrics and subsequently their dyeing properties, light, washing, perspiration, rubbing and sublimation fastness were determined.
Findings
The spectroscopic data of the synthesised compounds have provided decisive evidence that such compounds exist in the solid state as the azo-dike to form C and in solution in equilibrium tautomer forms A, B and D. The prepared dyestuffs are suitable for either heat transfer printing or traditional printing on polyester and nylon 6 fabrics. The prints obtained from the dyes possess high colour strength, as well as good overall fastness properties. Also the synthesised compounds exhibit good biological and pharmacology activity.
Research limitations/implications
Synthesis of these seven azo dyes for textile dyeing had never been reported previously.
Practical implications
The dyestuffs derived from 4-hydroxycoumarin are reasonable azo disperse dyestuffs giving good all round fastness properties on polyester fabrics.
Social implications
Production of less expensive and new eco-friendly dyes exhibit antimicrobial and anticancer activity.
Originality/value
It provided a potentially simple way to synthesize novel coumarin azo-dyes exhibit good biological and pharmacology activity and also exhibit good overall fastness properties.
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This paper aims to synthesise some novel diazobenzene dyestuffs clubbed with sulphonamide moiety and their application for polyester fabrics in addition to evaluating their…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to synthesise some novel diazobenzene dyestuffs clubbed with sulphonamide moiety and their application for polyester fabrics in addition to evaluating their biological activities.
Design/methodology/approach
New diazobenzene disperse dyes with improved chemical construction via sulphonamides were designed. This amendment of diazobenzene dyes was completed by introducing sulphonamide derivatives through Japp–kilingman reaction. All new synthesised dyes were elucidated by elemental analyses and spectral data (IR and 1 H-NMR). Biological activities of the synthesised diazobenzene sulphonamide derivatives were evaluated.
Findings
The synthesised diazobenzene dyestuffs clubbed with sulphonamides were applied on polyester fabrics. The synthesised dyes showed that good fastness properties and their biological evaluation exhibited good efficacy towards antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer.
Originality/value
Sulphonamide derivatives have numerous uses, such as being used in dyestuff and providing antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. Sulphonamide derivatives with diazobenzene coupler components exhibited an interesting colorant for polyester and provided better biological efficacy for other non-textile applications. This work afforded new disperse dyes beside their medical applications.
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M.A Metwally, M.E Khalifa, H.E Gaffer and S.F El-Bially
Treatment of diethyl 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-methyl-6-oxocyclohex-4-ene-1,1-dicarboxylate (1) with hydrazine hydrate in ethanol affords the corresponding indazole derivative (2)…
Abstract
Treatment of diethyl 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-methyl-6-oxocyclohex-4-ene-1,1-dicarboxylate (1) with hydrazine hydrate in ethanol affords the corresponding indazole derivative (2). Coupling of 2 with diazotized aromatic amines furnishes the corresponding new azo compounds (3). Compound 1 is subjected to a Japp-Klingemann reaction in an alkaline medium, where hydrazones (4) are formed. Treatment of 4 with hydrazine hydrate and phenylhydrazine in ethanol gives the corresponding new azo compounds (5 and 6, respectively). The structures of all compounds are confirmed by elemental and spectral analyses. Compounds 3-6 are applied as disperse dyes for dyeing polyester and nylon fabrics, and their characteristics and fastness properties have been measured.
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Hatem Gaffer, Hamada Mashaly, Shaymaa Hassan Abdel-Rhman and Mamdouh Hammouda
The study reported in this paper aims to synthesize some new curcumin containing sulphadiazine and sulphathiazole dyestuffs and study their application in dyeing silk fabrics…
Abstract
Purpose
The study reported in this paper aims to synthesize some new curcumin containing sulphadiazine and sulphathiazole dyestuffs and study their application in dyeing silk fabrics rendering the dyed fabric antibacterial.
Design/methodology/approach
Simultaneous dyeing and antibacterial finishing for silk fabric using a new antibacterial acid dye having a modified chemical structure to curcumin were conducted. This modification of curcumin dye was carried out by introducing sulphonamide containing heterocyclic rings sulphadiazine and sulfathiazole through coupling with curcumin. All newly synthesized dyes were characterized by elemental analyses and spectral data (IR, 1H-NMR and MS). The dyeing characteristics of these dyestuffs were evaluated at optimum conditions. Antibacterial activities of the dyed samples at different concentrations of both dyes were studied against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (Salmonella typhimurium) bacteria.
Findings
The synthesized curcumin-containing sulphonamide dyes were applied on silk fabrics. The modified dyes exhibited good fastness properties compared to curcumin dye at optimum conditions. It was found that synthesized dyes exhibit good fastness and antibacterial properties efficient against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The dyed silk fabrics showed higher antibacterial efficacy after many times of washing.
Originality/value
Curcumin, a common natural dye used for fabric and food colouration, was used as an antimicrobial finish due to its bactericidal properties on dyed textiles. A common dyeing process could provide textiles with colour as well as antimicrobial properties. Novel antibacterial dyestuff containing curcumin moieties with sulphonamide coupler components were shown to be an interesting natural colorant for silk with high antimicrobial ability of the dyed silk fabrics. This work has afforded a new acid dye that can be used in medical textile.
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Mustafa Tutak and Özlem Bilget
– This paper aims to evaluate the antibacterial properties of pigment printed fabric loaded with nano-sized silver and zinc.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to evaluate the antibacterial properties of pigment printed fabric loaded with nano-sized silver and zinc.
Design/methodology/approach
The pigment printing paste was mixed with nano-sized silver/zinc particles and applied to the cotton fabrics by the hand screen-printing technique. The nano-sized particles, distribution on the fabric surface, were analysed by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The ASTM E2149-01 test method was used to determine the bacteriodynamic activity of the treated fabrics. The wash and light fastness properties of the treated fabrics were investigated.
Findings
The experimental results of the study showed that antibacterial properties could be obtained by loading with nano-size silver/zinc particles on pigment printed cotton fabrics. There is no negative or positive effect of the addition of nano silver/zinc particles to the printing paste on fastness properties.
Research limitations/implications
The nano-sized metal particles and pigment printing paste should be well mixed to achieve uniform distribution on the printed surface.
Practical implications
The described process marks the introduction of a nano-technological aspect to pigment printing by its application to cotton fabrics.
Originality/value
The novelty/originality of the study lies in the new application process of nano-size silver/zinc particles to the textile pigment printing for antibacterial properties.
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Ali A. Ali, Maha Mohammed Elsawy, Salem S. Salem, Ahmed A. El-Henawy and Hamada Abd El-Wahab
Paper aims to preparation of new acid disperse dyes based on thiadiazol derivatives and evaluation of their use as antimicrobial colorants in digital transfer-printing ink…
Abstract
Purpose
Paper aims to preparation of new acid disperse dyes based on thiadiazol derivatives and evaluation of their use as antimicrobial colorants in digital transfer-printing ink formulations for printing onto polyester fabric substrates.
Design/methodology/approach
New disperse dyes based on 1,3,4 - thiadiazol derivative (dyes 1–3) were prepared and evaluated by different analysis then formulated as colored materials in the ink formulations. The viscosity, dynamic surface tension and particle size distribution of the prepared inks were measured. The printed polyester fabric substrates were tested using a variety of tests, including light fastness, washing, alkali perspiration and Crock fastness, as well as depth of penetration. Density-functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out at the Becke3-Lee-Yang-parr (B3LYP) level using the 6–311** basis set, and the biological activity of the prepared disperse dyes was investigated.
Findings
The obtained results of the physical of the prepared ink revealed that thiadiazol disperse ink is a promising ink formulation for polyester printing and agrees with the quality of the printed polyester fabric. The optimization geometry for molecular structures agreed with the analysis of these compounds. The HOMO/LUMO and energy gap of the studied system were discussed. The molecular docking analysis showed strong interaction with DNA Gyrase and demonstrated to us the high ability of these inks to act as antimicrobial agents.
Practical implications
The prepared inks containing the prepared thiadiazol disperse dye were high-performance and suitable for this type of printing technique, according to the results. The prepared inks resist the growth of microorganisms and thus increase the ink's storage stability.
Originality/value
The prepared disperse dyes based on 1,3,4 - thiadiazol derivative (dyes 1–3) can be a promising colorant in different applications, like some types of paint formulations and as a colorant in printing of different fabric substrates.