Toon W. Taris and Michiel A.J. Kompier
This chapter examines employee learning behavior as a function of work characteristics. Karasek’s Demand-Control (DC) model proposes that high job demands and high job control are…
Abstract
This chapter examines employee learning behavior as a function of work characteristics. Karasek’s Demand-Control (DC) model proposes that high job demands and high job control are conducive to employee learning behavior. A review of 18 studies revealed that whereas most of these supported these predictions, methodological and conceptual shortcomings necessitate further study. Perhaps the most important weakness of the DC-based research on learning is that the conceptual foundations of the DC model regarding employee learning behavior are quite rudimentary, while the role of interpersonal differences in the learning process is largely neglected. The second part of this chapter explores the relationship between work characteristics and learning behavior from the perspective of German Action Theory (AT). AT explicitly discusses how work characteristics affect learning behavior and assigns a role to interpersonal differences. We conclude by presenting a model that integrates action-theoretical insights on learning with DC-based empirical results.
Ashley O’Donoghue, Edel Conway and Janine Bosak
This chapter investigates the relationship between abusive supervision and employee well-being (i.e., job satisfaction, engagement) and ill-being (i.e., burnout, workaholism) and…
Abstract
Purpose
This chapter investigates the relationship between abusive supervision and employee well-being (i.e., job satisfaction, engagement) and ill-being (i.e., burnout, workaholism) and examines whether follower core self-evaluations (CSE) moderate this relationship.
Methodology/approach
The study uses cross-sectional survey data collected from 111 professional employees across a range of industry sectors.
Findings
Results show that abusive supervision is negatively related to employee well-being (i.e., engagement and job satisfaction) and positively related to employee ill-being, namely burnout. In addition, employees low in CSE are less engaged and less satisfied than employees high in CSE.
Research limitations/implications
The study’s cross-sectional design limits the strength of its conclusions.
Practical implications
This chapter notes the ethical and legal obligations of organizations to provide a safe working environment and identifies the policies and procedures that will signal a commitment to employee well-being.
Originality/value
The study contributes to the leadership and well-being literatures by exploring the influence of abusive leaders on follower well-being and engagement. It also goes beyond merely identifying correlations between leadership style and follower well-being outcomes to investigate how leader and follower attributes can combine to influence these outcomes.
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Puts forward the limit to growth perspective, which is rarely mentioned in societies devoted to the increase of material living standards. Outlines the resources each individual…
Abstract
Puts forward the limit to growth perspective, which is rarely mentioned in societies devoted to the increase of material living standards. Outlines the resources each individual in rich countries uses and extrapolates those figures to cover the rest of the world’s population, proving that it is clearly impossible to sustain such living standards. Criticizes profit maximization, market forces and the pursuit of business opportunities as inappropriate to the needs of the world’s poor majority. Explores how society could reduce its per capita resource use and environmental impact, particularly through the development of small scale self‐sufficient economies. Points out that most of the real economy would be in non‐cash areas. Hastens to mention that a simpler, less material and closer‐to‐nature lifestyle does not exclude information technology. Indicates that access to communal property and service needs to replace income as the means to a satisfying life. Summarizes how community gardens can be set up and the roles that community workers could play in saving towns.
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This chapter discusses how the control and strategic management of resources plays a role in the occupational stress process. Building upon prior resource theories of stress, the…
Abstract
This chapter discusses how the control and strategic management of resources plays a role in the occupational stress process. Building upon prior resource theories of stress, the idea is developed that control of external and internal resources, and not resource acquisition or maintenance, is a vital element that contributes to a strain response to workplace demands. This can occur at the level of objective resources (resources needed to cope with demands), and it can occur at the level of perceived resources (the individual’s perception of resource control). The chapter also discusses the importance of resource management strategies that individuals engage in, as well as both internal and external resource management resources. Several common stressors are discussed in resource control terms, and the role of power and politics in strategic resource management is discussed.
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We investigate the relationship between job complexity and skill development of adult workers in Europe using the Cedefop European Skills and Jobs Survey.1 The results suggest…
Abstract
We investigate the relationship between job complexity and skill development of adult workers in Europe using the Cedefop European Skills and Jobs Survey.1 The results suggest that challenging workplaces in which jobs are designed to include complex tasks that place high demands on workers’ skills also stimulate skill development. Increasing the degree of job complexity has positive and robust effects on the degree of skill development. Skill development is also positively linked to job tenure. The analysis stresses the importance of on-the-job learning and contextual workplace characteristics for adult workers’ skill development.
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Durriya Z. Khairullah and Zahid Y. Khairullah
Tests the reliability of an empirical model designed by Szapocznik et al to measure acculturation levels of first‐generation immigrants. Applies model to a demographically diverse…
Abstract
Tests the reliability of an empirical model designed by Szapocznik et al to measure acculturation levels of first‐generation immigrants. Applies model to a demographically diverse sample group of first‐generation Asian‐Indian immigrants in three cities near New York (USA) to establish levels of cultural and behavioural acculturation, and the relevance of demographic variables, such as gender, marital status, religion and occupation. Establishes a series of statistically significant correlations between the variables examined; compares these results with findings of other studies involving different immigrant groups. Asserts that the model provides a reliable basis for assessing acculturation characteristics of immigrants; concludes that the findings of this study provide an objective basis for the development of social and public policy aimed at accommodating acculturation needs of this particular immigrant group.
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Yiğit Aksoy, Mehmet Pakdemirli, Saeid Abbasbandy and Hakan Boyacı
The purpose of this paper is to apply, for the first time, the authors' newly developed perturbation iteration method to heat transfer problems. The effectiveness of the new…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to apply, for the first time, the authors' newly developed perturbation iteration method to heat transfer problems. The effectiveness of the new method in nonlinear heat transfer problems will be tested.
Design/methodology/approach
Nonlinear heat transfer problems are solved by perturbation iteration method. They are also solved by the well‐known technique variational iteration method in the literature.
Findings
It is found that perturbation iteration solutions converge faster to the numerical solutions. More accurate results can be achieved with this new method for nonlinear heat transfer problems.
Research limitations/implications
A few iterations are actually sufficient. Further iterations need symbolic packages to calculate the solutions.
Practical implications
This new technique can practically be applied to many heat and flow problems.
Originality/value
The new perturbation iteration technique is successfully implemented to nonlinear heat transfer problems. Results show good agreement with the direct numerical simulations and the method performs better than the existing variational iteration method.
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This chapter explores religion and spirituality as a form and source of demographic differences relevant to the study of occupational stress and well-being. The purpose of the…
Abstract
This chapter explores religion and spirituality as a form and source of demographic differences relevant to the study of occupational stress and well-being. The purpose of the chapter is to provide a resource and starting point to occupational health and stress researchers who may be interested in religion/spirituality. A review of critical religion/spirituality concepts is provided, along with a discussion of how religion/spirituality can be integrated into common occupational stress theories and reconciled with commonly studied variables within this domain. A series of future research directions involving religion/spirituality and occupational health and stress are ultimately presented.
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M.H. Hojjati and H. Tari
The purpose of this paper is to show how a system of differential equations of one‐dimensional transient cooling heat conduction of different multi‐layer slabs has been solved…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to show how a system of differential equations of one‐dimensional transient cooling heat conduction of different multi‐layer slabs has been solved numerically. A simple deterministic filtering matrix has been developed to remove errors involved in the experimental temperature measurements.
Design/methodology/approach
The system of differential equations is solved through Crank‐Nicolson method using a developed computer code. The developed matrix is based on the available information about the system and is strong enough to detect and remove errors from the measured temperatures.
Findings
The filtering algorithm is very straightforward and easy to implement and needs to be developed once for a given system.
Originality/value
This paper shows how the governing equations of transient heat conduction of multi‐layer slabs have been solved through Crank‐Nicolson method using a developed computer code. The code is user friendly and solves a large system of simultaneous differential equations for any given composite slab configurations. Furthermore, a matrix filter has been suggested to remove experimental errors. The filter is based on the available information about the considered system. The developed matrix filter is shown to be a powerful technique to detect the noisy data and correct them while intelligent enough not to harm good data. The filtering algorithm is very straightforward and easy to implement and needs to be developed once for a given system.
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Nader H. Shooshtari, Maureen J. Fleming, Jeffrey P. Radighieri and Carl‐Christian Nitzsche
Outlines the development of the Asia Pacific Economic Co‐operation Forum (APEC), which began as a deliberately informal discussion group in 1989, and traces the evolution of its…
Abstract
Outlines the development of the Asia Pacific Economic Co‐operation Forum (APEC), which began as a deliberately informal discussion group in 1989, and traces the evolution of its membership and organizational structure. Summarizes the research and planning work undertaken to date, pointing out that decisions are consensus‐based and not binding on members. Lists the issues identified as crucial to the Asian economic crisis by the 1998 APEC meeting and discusses its role in Asia and in the global economy. Admits that significant, tangible results have been few so far and considers the reasons why; but believes it has the potential to “establish itself as a viable force in dealing with the economic problems of its members”.