Corinna Bruder and Biza Kroese
This paper reviews the clinical interventions used to address the vulnerability of people with intellectual disabilities to sexual abuse. Prevalence of sexual abuse for this group…
Abstract
This paper reviews the clinical interventions used to address the vulnerability of people with intellectual disabilities to sexual abuse. Prevalence of sexual abuse for this group is discussed. Factors that are considered to put people with intellectual disabilities at an increased risk of sexual abuse are also discussed.As the teaching of protection and prevention skills to adults and children with intellectual disabilities has been put forward as an effective intervention to help avoid sexual abuse, a review of nine studies that attempted to evaluate such intervention programmes is carried out. It is concluded that adults with intellectual disabilities can successfully be taught skills to prevent and protect themselves from sexual abuse. However, issues around the generalisation and the maintenance of acquired skills have to be considered. Recommendations for future research are made. Finally, the clinical implications of the results of this review are discussed.
Details
Keywords
Hilary Brown, Paul Kingston and Barry Wilson
This paper considers the emergence of adult protection as a significant issue for health and welfare professionals. A range of definitions and dilemmas are considered alongside a…
Abstract
This paper considers the emergence of adult protection as a significant issue for health and welfare professionals. A range of definitions and dilemmas are considered alongside a comprehensive review of how abuse is manifested. A brief review of the latest research is followed by principles of good practice.
Details
Keywords
Sexuality is complex, concerning concepts such as power relations, sensuality, personal integrity, capacity to consent, decision making, identity and self‐awareness, intimacy and…
Abstract
Sexuality is complex, concerning concepts such as power relations, sensuality, personal integrity, capacity to consent, decision making, identity and self‐awareness, intimacy and relationships. Despite this complexity, it is an integral part of every human being, affected by race, socio‐economic status and intellectual ability. However, the expression of the sexuality of people with learning disabilities is denied and rarely facilitated. Often the importance of gender identity is ignored and this is reflected, for example, in how women with learning disabilities see their own bodies. Explanations include historical beliefs like eugenics, service principles such as normalisation, economics and an over‐riding concern to protect women and men with learning disabilities from abuse. Acknowledging that such factors play an important role in preventing the facilitation or expression of sexuality by men and women with learning disabilities, this paper focuses on the development of the criminal law, the role and potential of current sexual offences and the Home Office Report Setting the Boundaries.
Akram Al-Turk and Howard E. Aldrich
In this chapter, the authors investigate the degree to which organizational ecology (OE) had a long-term impact on the way scholars study organizational foundings. Dubbed the…
Abstract
In this chapter, the authors investigate the degree to which organizational ecology (OE) had a long-term impact on the way scholars study organizational foundings. Dubbed the “rates” approach by Aldrich and Weidenmayer (1993), OE argued that organizational foundings depend on intra- and inter-population processes such as organizational density, prior foundings, and prior disbandings. It de-emphasized the personal characteristics of founders and entrepreneurs – the “traits” approach. The analyses reveal that OE had limited impact, especially after the mid-2000s. OE’s limited appeal is partially explained by its lack of influence on scholars outside its orbit of influence and/or those publishing in non-sociology journals. In contrast to OE’s slight long-term impact, the authors argue that another perspective that was attuned to environmental conditions – new institutional theory (NIT) – has had greater success in influencing scholars studying foundings. The authors speculate that OE’s impact was ultimately limited because it was embedded in a relatively exclusive scholarly community, compared to NIT’s more inclusive scope.
Details
Keywords
Many factors have been identified as being responsible for increasing the vulnerability of people with learning difficulties to sexual abuse. However, there has not been a great…
Abstract
Many factors have been identified as being responsible for increasing the vulnerability of people with learning difficulties to sexual abuse. However, there has not been a great deal of debate about the term ‘vulnerability’. Here, an argument is developed that puts forward the case for a social model approach to understanding vulnerability, which avoids a focus on victim characteristics.
Details
Keywords
G. Bereket, A. Yurt and H. Türk
The inhibiting effects of 2,6‐ionen and 2,10‐ionen type polyvinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride, and latex, on low carbon steel in hydrochloric acid solution was investigated by…
Abstract
The inhibiting effects of 2,6‐ionen and 2,10‐ionen type polyvinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride, and latex, on low carbon steel in hydrochloric acid solution was investigated by potentiodynamic polarisation measurements and impedance measurement techniques over the temperature range of 20‐60°C at different inhibitor concentrations. It was found that the inhibition efficiencies increased with increasing inhibitor concentration. The degree of shift in Ecorr values, together with the change in anodic and cathodic Tafel slopes (βa, βc), revealed that the studied inhibitors behaved as anodic inhibitors. Thermodynamic and kinetic parameters for dissolution and adsorption were also calculated.
Details
Keywords
Dave Marsland, Peter Oakes and Caroline White
Although No Secrets suggests that adult protection practices should seek to prevent abuse, it can be argued that such practice predominately focuses on pursuing effective…
Abstract
Although No Secrets suggests that adult protection practices should seek to prevent abuse, it can be argued that such practice predominately focuses on pursuing effective responses to abuse that has already happened, rather than preventing the onset of abuse. This research sought to contribute to the prevention of abuse, through the identification of ‘early indicators’. Early indicators were identified, and this knowledge has been applied to equip families and practitioners to report concerns at an early stage and seek protective responses.
Details
Keywords
Three recent cases of false allegation of sexual abuse are described and compared. Neither the needs of alleged perpetrators nor the people with learning disabilities are…
Abstract
Three recent cases of false allegation of sexual abuse are described and compared. Neither the needs of alleged perpetrators nor the people with learning disabilities are adequately addressed by current practices. Key issues for service development are discussed.
This paper describes the background to, and process of, setting up a Relationship Support Service for individuals with learning disabilities. The service was funded as a pilot…
Abstract
This paper describes the background to, and process of, setting up a Relationship Support Service for individuals with learning disabilities. The service was funded as a pilot project in response to the unmet needs of service users with learning disabilities and their carers. Superficially, the service functions like a conventional dating agency but without any discrimination of sexual orientation or preference. However, unlike a conventional dating agency, this is a learning disability service, providing opportunities for personal development. For individuals who meet the application criteria and safety checks, the service may provide an opportunity to meet potential friends and partners. However, a crucial aspect of the service is that, aside from offering introductions, it provides continued support in maintaining friendships and relationships over time. This paper outlines the rationale behind the service, the obstacles that have been overcome, the application procedures and the safeguards that are in place, and reports some preliminary data on service uptake. This pilot study emphasises both the feasibility and potential benefits of setting up this much‐needed service.
Dinah Mathew, Hilary Brown, Paul Kingston, Claudine McCreadie and Janet Askham
This article reports the results of a survey of local authorities, which asked about progress in responding to the Department of Health guidance, No Secrets. The findings of the…
Abstract
This article reports the results of a survey of local authorities, which asked about progress in responding to the Department of Health guidance, No Secrets. The findings of the survey suggest that the majority of local authorities are taking action in response to the guidance. However, there is variation in progress with the different components of the framework for the protection of vulnerable adults outlined in No Secrets.