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Article
Publication date: 1 October 2002

R. Kahraman, A.A. Al‐Mathami, H. Saricimen, N. Abbas and S.U. Rahman

The weather in the Arabian Gulf region constitutes an environment that is corrosive to carbon steel. In the Gulf region, atmospheric corrosion is aggravated further by the high…

848

Abstract

The weather in the Arabian Gulf region constitutes an environment that is corrosive to carbon steel. In the Gulf region, atmospheric corrosion is aggravated further by the high salinity of Gulf sea‐water. In addition, sulphur dioxide and deposits from combustion products tend to make the atmosphere in the Gulf region even more corrosive. Various inhibitors are reported in the literature that can help in the prevention of metal corrosion in aqueous environments. Among these, sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate, sodium benzoate, sodium nitrite and sodium nitrate were obtained and the effectiveness of certain corrosion inhibitors on carbon steel specimens was examined in a simulated atmospheric corrosion environment containing 2% NaCl and 1% Na2SO4 with various inhibitor concentrations. Test specimens were prepared from locally produced carbon steel reinforcing bars. It was found as a result of the test programme that treatment of the steel with 10 or 100mM sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate for one day at room temperature resulted in the best inhibition of corrosion. The results also demonstrated that inhibitors such as sodium benzoate and sodium nitrite were only similarly effective, as was sodium nitrate. Plans further study to examine the inhibition performance of sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate under actual atmospheric conditions.

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Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, vol. 49 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0003-5599

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Article
Publication date: 1 April 2004

A. Al‐Mathami, H. Saricimen, R. Kahraman, M. Al‐Zahrani and S. Al‐Dulaijan

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate as an inhibitor to slow down or prevent atmospheric corrosion of the local mild…

703

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate as an inhibitor to slow down or prevent atmospheric corrosion of the local mild steel during storage in the Arabian Gulf region. In light of the results of some preliminary studies, sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate was selected for further evaluation against atmospheric corrosion of steel after it was applied at 10 mM concentration for 1 day at room temperature.

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Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, vol. 51 no. 2
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0003-5599

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Article
Publication date: 1 January 2016

Ramazan Kahraman, Huseyin Saricimen, Zuhair Omar Malaibari and Md Abdur Rauf

The purpose of this study was to investigate the performances of two inhibitors in controlling corrosion of steel products in industrial and marine atmosphere.

124

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the performances of two inhibitors in controlling corrosion of steel products in industrial and marine atmosphere.

Design/methodology/approach

Corrosion rates were determined by weight loss measurements. At certain periods of atmospheric exposure, the (disc shape) specimens were retrieved and studied by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectrometry surface analysis techniques.

Findings

Both inhibitors were effective against corrosion of steel in the early stages of the atmospheric exposure (for about two months). With further exposure to the atmosphere, their inhibition effectiveness deteriorated and was totally lost within four months. Analysis of the specimens before exposure showed that the inhibitor film was thin for both treatments, and the unexposed treated surface for both inhibitors appeared similar to the untreated unexposed specimen surface. Characterization of the specimens at different exposure periods showed fewer corrosion blisters on dicyclohexylamine nitrite- and sodium benzoate-treated surfaces than on untreated specimens.

Originality/value

The objective of this study was to characterize the surfaces of the steel products produced locally during their exposure to the industrial and marine atmosphere of the Arabian Gulf region after being treated by sodium benzoate and dicyclohexylamine nitrite in controlling the corrosion of local mild steel products. According to the literature review, this study is original and will add value to the studies of inhibition of steel corrosion under similar environments.

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Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, vol. 63 no. 5
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0003-5599

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Article
Publication date: 2 May 2017

Anwar Ul-Hamid, Luai M. Al-Hems, Abdul Quddus, Abdulrashid I. Muhammed and Huseyin Saricimen

The purpose of this study was to determine the atmospheric corrosion behavior of aluminium (Al) exposed to the industrial and coastal environments of northeastern Arabian…

140

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to determine the atmospheric corrosion behavior of aluminium (Al) exposed to the industrial and coastal environments of northeastern Arabian Peninsula for a period of 15 months.

Design/methodology/approach

The samples were exposed under atmospheric, underground and splatter zone conditions at the coastal region. Soil, groundwater, seawater and air particulate samples obtained from the exposure site were analyzed. Secondary electron microscopy was used to identify and study the microstructural features of the corrosion products formed at the surface of the test coupons. The corrosion rates of the samples were determined by the weight loss method.

Findings

The results showed that Al exhibited a moderate corrosion rate despite high degree of variation in temperature and humidity and large concentrations of chloride and sulfate in this region. Splatter zone environment was the most corrosive because of high chloride concentrations in seawater and the alternating wetting–drying cycles.

Originality/value

In this paper, corrosion of Al was evaluated in atmospheric, soil and splatter zone conditions along the northeastern coast of Arabian Peninsula and was also compared with the results of the test reported for other international locations.

Details

Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, vol. 64 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0003-5599

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Article
Publication date: 8 November 2011

Huseyin Saricimen, Abdulquddusa Quddus, Omar A. Eid, Aftab Ahmad, Anwar Ul‐Hamid and Tawqir A. Siddique

The purpose of this paper is to determine the long‐term corrosion behavior of cast iron coupons in the Jubail Industrial City (JIC), Saudi Arabia.

516

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to determine the long‐term corrosion behavior of cast iron coupons in the Jubail Industrial City (JIC), Saudi Arabia.

Design/methodology/approach

The samples were exposed under atmospheric, underground, and splash zone conditions, at Khaleej Mardumah Test Station (KMTS) in Jubail. Soil, groundwater, seawater and air particulate samples were collected at the exposure sites and were analyzed. Secondary electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) were used to examine the surface morphology of the test coupons and identify the corrosion products developed on the surface of the metals. The corrosion rates of the coupons were determined by weight loss method.

Findings

The results showed that the atmosphere, underground and splash zone conditions all were very corrosive to cast iron, due to temperature and humidity variations as well as the high chloride and sulfate concentrations in the region. The splash zone was the most corrosive regime of the three test zones. The main corrosive ions in the environments were identified as chloride and sulfate. The maximum chloride and sulfate concentrations were measured to be 8.94 and 49.65 μg/m3 in atmosphere, 8,040 and 1,410 ppm in soil, and 29,500 and 5,770 mg/l in seawater, respectively. The corrosion rates of cast irons were found to be 343‐536 μm/y in splash zone, 90‐214 μm/y in underground, and 22‐27 μm/y in atmosphere. Compared to other parts of the world, the soil, marine and atmospheric environments at the selected test site are very corrosive.

Originality/value

In this paper, corrosion of cast iron is presented in atmospheric, soil and splash zone conditions along the eastern coast of the Arabian Gulf.

Details

Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, vol. 58 no. 6
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0003-5599

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Article
Publication date: 22 May 2009

Huseyin Saricimen

The purpose of this paper is to study the inhibition of carbon steel corrosion under wet/dry conditions using electrochemical techniques.

684

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to study the inhibition of carbon steel corrosion under wet/dry conditions using electrochemical techniques.

Design/methodology/approach

Sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate, dicyclohexylamine nitrite and sodium benzoate were used as inhibitors in the investigation. Plain carbon steel specimens were treated with three different inhibitors for a set period of time. One group of the specimens was subjected to 60 wet/dry cycles whilst a second group was kept continuously immersed in distilled water during the same period. The corrosion rates of the specimens were determined by electrochemical methods at several intervals during corrosion.

Findings

The three inhibitors showed good performance during the whole 60 days of wet/dry cycling. Sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate was the best of the three, giving the lowest corrosion rates. However, during full immersion tests in distilled water, specimens that had been treated with dicyclohexylamine nitrite and sodium benzoate performed better than did those treated with sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate. Moreover, the corrosion rates were significantly higher in the case of wet/dry cycling due to differential aeration created through partial immersion, which was a consequence of the wet and dry cycling process.

Originality/value

This study showed the beneficial effect of inhibitors in slowing down the corrosion of steel. Furthermore, wet/dry cycling of steel samples in the laboratory produced corrosion rates that were comparable to those measured under actual outdoor conditions.

Details

Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, vol. 56 no. 3
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0003-5599

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Article
Publication date: 9 January 2009

Tuan Anh Nguyen and Xianming Shi

This research aims to unravel the role of salt contamination and corrosion inhibiting admixtures in the processes of cement hydration and rebar corrosion.

2162

Abstract

Purpose

This research aims to unravel the role of salt contamination and corrosion inhibiting admixtures in the processes of cement hydration and rebar corrosion.

Design/methodology/approach

Mortar samples were prepared with NaCl and one of three corrosion inhibitors, sodium nitrite, disodium β‐glycerophosphate, or N,N′‐dimethylethanolamine, admixed. After 28 days curing, all steel‐mortar samples were ponded with 3 percent NaCl solution and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements were conducted periodically during the first 48 days. After 60 days of ponding by 3 percent NaCl solution, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) analyses were conducted on the fracture surface of the steel‐mortar sample.

Findings

The FESEM results revealed that admixing chlorides and inhibitors in fresh mortar changed the morphology and cement hydration product of hardener mortar at the steel‐mortar interface. The EIS data indicated that all inhibitors increased the polarization resistance of steel, implying reduced corrosion rate of the steel over 48‐day exposures to salt ponding. 0.05 M N,N′‐dimethylethanolamine was the most effective corrosion inhibitor, followed by 0.5 M sodium nitrite; whereas 0.05 M disodium β‐glycerophosphate was a slower and less capable corrosion inhibitor. The admixing of inhibitors in fresh mortar consistently increased the capacitance and decreased the electrical resistance of hardened mortar. The effect of sodium nitrite inhibitor on the resistance of steel mortar interfacial film compensated that of corrosive NaCl by participating to the formation of a protective ferric oxide film.

Originality/value

The results reported shed light on the complex role of admixed salt and corrosion inhibitors in cement hydration and their implications on the durability of steel‐reinforced concrete.

Details

Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, vol. 56 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0003-5599

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Article
Publication date: 11 October 2018

Reena Sachan and Ajay Kumar Singh

The purpose of this study is to investigate microbial influenced corrosion of steel because of iron oxidizing bacteria (IOB).

336

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate microbial influenced corrosion of steel because of iron oxidizing bacteria (IOB).

Design/methodology/approach

Carbon steel was selected for this study. Winogradsky media was used for isolation of IOB and as test solution for corrosion measurements. Electrochemical tests and immersion test were conducted to estimate the corrosion rate and extent of pitting. The corroded surface was analysed by SEM and corrosion products formed over the metal surface were identified by XRD and Fourier transformed infrared. Biofilm formed over the corroded metal was analysed by UV-visible spectroscopy for its extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) constituents.

Findings

Presence of IOB in Winogradsky medium enhances corrosion. Uniform and localized corrosion increases with increased bacterial concentration and EPS constituents of the biofilm. Iron sulphite formation as one of the corrosion products has been suggested to be responsible for increased corrosion attack in the inoculated media in comparison to control media where corrosion product observed is iron hydrogen phosphate which is protective in nature.

Originality/value

This work correlates increased corrosion of steel in the presence of bacteria with the nature of corrosion products formed over it in case of IOB. Formation of corrosion products is governed by various electrochemical reactions; hence, inhibition of such reactions may lead to reduce or stop the formation of such products which enhances corrosion and thereby may reduce the extent of microbial induced corrosion.

Details

Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, vol. 66 no. 1
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0003-5599

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Article
Publication date: 3 July 2007

K. Ganesan, K. Rajagopal and K. Thangavel

Utilization of industrial and agricultural waste products as cement replacement materials in concrete technology has been an interesting subject of research for economical…

812

Abstract

Purpose

Utilization of industrial and agricultural waste products as cement replacement materials in concrete technology has been an interesting subject of research for economical, environmental, and technical reasons. Portland cement incorporating these cement replacement materials improves corrosion resistance of carbon steel. Sugar cane bagasse is considered as waste in sugar mills and dumped in open space or used as fuel for boilers. The main purpose of the study is to investigate corrosion performance of reinforcing carbon steel in bagasse ash (BA) blended cement concrete and compare it with control concrete.

Design/methodology/approach

BA is prepared by burning boiler‐fired ash at a controlled temperature of 650°C for 1 h and cooled. The ash is then ground to a fineness of 46 μm as Pozzolanic material and blended in concrete in various cement replacement levels. The corrosion behaviour of carbon steel in BA blended concretes exposed to alternate dry‐wet cycles in 3.0 percent NaCl solution for 18 months was studied using gravimetric weight loss, linear polarization, and electrochemical impedance measurement techniques. The resistance to chloride ion penetration of BA blended concretes after 28 and 90 days and compressive strength of BA blended concrete cubes after 7, 14, 28, and 90 days curing also was evaluated.

Findings

The experimental results indicated that the corrosion rate of reinforcing steel and chloride penetration were significantly reduced, and compressive strength was increased, with the incorporation of BA up to 20 percent replacement in concrete. It was observed also that a relatively good correlation between linear polarization and impedance measurements with respect to corrosion current values on the reinforcing steel within BA blended concretes.

Originality/value

BA may be considered as a better substitute than other mineral admixtures for durable concrete structures. The study fulfilled the objective of the investigation and contributes to research on corrosion protection of carbon steel in concrete.

Details

Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, vol. 54 no. 4
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0003-5599

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Article
Publication date: 26 February 2025

Bader Al-Aifan, Naveen Kumar Gouroju, Bharath Reddy Gunamgari, Aravindan N., Durga Prasad Balam and Sai Ram Gangarapu

This study aims to develop a copper nano-based emulsified cutting fluid (ECF) with enhanced thermal, antimicrobial and anti-corrosion properties. The study focuses on optimizing…

2

Abstract

Purpose

This study aims to develop a copper nano-based emulsified cutting fluid (ECF) with enhanced thermal, antimicrobial and anti-corrosion properties. The study focuses on optimizing the water-to-Triton X-100 (W/TX) ratios and incorporating copper nanoparticles to improve the fluid’s overall efficacy in machining applications.

Design/methodology/approach

Various trial combinations were conducted to determine the optimal W/TX ratios. The as-prepared copper nanoparticles were dispersed in the cutting fluid to enhance its thermo-physical properties. The thermal conductivity, thermal stability and surface spreading capability were measured. Microbial studies identified prevalent microorganisms, particularly Mycobacterium immunogenum. To combat microbial contamination and corrosion, natural biocides (ß-Ionine) and sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4) were added. The corrosion inhibitor efficiency and overall performance were evaluated.

Findings

The inclusion of copper nanoparticles significantly improved the cutting fluid thermal properties, achieving a 51.12% enhancement in thermal conductivity and thermal stability. The surface spreading capability was enhanced with a contact angle of 52.48°. Mycobacterium immunogenum was identified as the most frequent contaminant. The addition of natural biocide ß-Ionine effectively addressed microbial contamination, while 1.4 ml of NaH2PO4 improved the corrosion inhibitor efficiency to 66.94%. The Cu-W/TX cutting fluid demonstrated eco-friendly characteristics with notable antimicrobial and anti-corrosion benefits.

Originality/value

The research work improves ECFs by incorporating copper nanoparticles and optimizing surfactant ratios. It highlights Triton X-100’s potential as a cutting fluid base and the benefits of natural biocides, contributing to more sustainable, efficient fluids with significant environmental and industrial implications.

Details

Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials, vol. ahead-of-print no. ahead-of-print
Type: Research Article
ISSN: 0003-5599

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