H. Richter, D. Ferling, F. Buchali and W. Heck
In this paper, Substrate Integrated Packaging (SIP) based on thin film multilayer technology is presented. Coplanar waveguide feedthroughs calculated with 3D‐Finite Differential…
Abstract
In this paper, Substrate Integrated Packaging (SIP) based on thin film multilayer technology is presented. Coplanar waveguide feedthroughs calculated with 3D‐Finite Differential Methods were manufactured using a ceramic or silicon carrier, gold conductors and polyimide as dielectric. The substrate integrated packages were realized with metallic frames and lids mounted on the thin film circuitry. S‐parameter measurements show the superior quality of the feedthroughs. To verify the new packaging concept, a 10GHz and a 58GHz amplifier module were realized. From these modules the potential of the SIP‐technology is demonstrated.
Details
Keywords
H. Richter, K. Ruess, A. Gemmler and W. Leonhard
Bumping is a prerequisite forflip‐chip attachment of bare dies. For silicon semiconductors bumping is normally performedon the ICs at wafer scale. Bumping can be performed by…
Abstract
Bumping is a prerequisite for flip‐chip attachment of bare dies. For silicon semiconductors bumping is normally performed on the ICs at wafer scale. Bumping can be performed by micro‐plating or vacuum deposition techniques. Mechanical methods are also well known. In this paper a bumping process based on tin/lead alloy plating is reported. The plating bath presented enables the deposition of both solder compositions used for flip‐chip attachment, the eutectic and the lead‐rich. All key issues of the plating process covering plating equipment, electrolyte characteristics and plating process parameters are discussed. Methods of bump characterisation and quality assurance are reported as an important part of the bumping process. The deciding process parameters leading to high quality solder bumps are demonstrated.
Economic crime is too varied an activity to be explained by a single theory. Valuable insights are gained from theories that focus on individual characteristics and on the…
Abstract
Economic crime is too varied an activity to be explained by a single theory. Valuable insights are gained from theories that focus on individual characteristics and on the socio‐economic context of crime, but these theories are not sufficient explanations of economically motivated crime. They are usefully supplemented by legal responsiveness theory, which focuses on the capacity of the economic system to provide legal means to adapt to economic change. This theory acknowledges the insights of chaos and cellular automata theory into the inevitable and unpredictable nature of economic change. Variation in the system's capacity for legal responsiveness to unpredicted change is hypothesized to have an impact on crime. Economic crime can be an indication of dysfunction in the adaptation systems of the economy. The concepts of ecological and evolutionary economics such as stability, resilience, connectedness and adaptation offer an approach to analyzing the systemic property of legal responsiveness.
W.K. Chiu, Y.C. Yeung and K.M. Yu
Fractal geometry can be used to model natural objects which cannot be easily represented by the euclidean geometry. However, contemporary computer‐aided design (CAD) and…
Abstract
Purpose
Fractal geometry can be used to model natural objects which cannot be easily represented by the euclidean geometry. However, contemporary computer‐aided design (CAD) and computer‐aided manufacturing (CAM) systems cannot be used to model a fractal object efficiently. In a general layer manufacturing (LM) workflow, a model described by the euclidean geometry is required in order to generate the necessary toolpath information. So this workflow cannot be applied for a fractal object. In this paper, to realize the fabrication of a fractal represented object by the LM technology, a methodology is proposed.
Design/methodology/approach
In the proposed methodology, a slab grid is generated in each layer of the object and it consists of a number of pixels. The interior property (corresponding to the fractal object) of each pixel in the slab grid is checked so that slab models of the fractal are created. The boundary of each slab is traced and refined so that the toolpath of the object can be generated from these boundaries.
Findings
Applying the proposed methodology, the LM toolpath information can be extracted from the mathematical model of the fractal and the tessellating or slicing processes are not needed to be performed. The problem of representing a fractal in a CAD platform can be eliminated.
Research limitations/implications
The proposed methodology can be applied to iterative function system (IFS) or complex fractal. However, for some fractals constructed from more than one kind of fractal objects, such as multi‐IFS fractals, the methodology must be further developed.
Originality/value
The proposed methodology is a novel development for realizing the fabrication of fractal objects by the LM technology.
Details
Keywords
Ulrica von Thiele Schwarz, Kin Andersson and Carina Loeb
The purpose is explore an approach to acquire, analyze and report data concerning an organizational change initiative that combines knowledge generation and knowledge use, and…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose is explore an approach to acquire, analyze and report data concerning an organizational change initiative that combines knowledge generation and knowledge use, and contrast that with a method where knowledge generation and use is separated. More specifically, the authors contrast a participatory group workshop with individual interviews analyzed with thematic analysis, focusing on information about the change process and its perceived practical relevance and usefulness.
Design/methodology/approach
Participants were managers responsible for implementing a broad organizational change aiming to improve service quality (e.g. access and equity) and reduce costs in a mental health service organization in Sweden. Individual interviews were conducted at two points, six months apart (i1: n = 15; i2: n = 18). Between the interviews, a 3.5-h participatory group workshop was conducted, during which participants (n = 15) both generated and analyzed data through a structured process that mixed individual-, small- and whole-group activities.
Findings
Both approaches elicited substantive information about the content, purpose and process of change. While the content and purpose findings were similar across the two data sources, the interviews described how to lead a change process, whereas the workshop yielded concrete information about what to do. Benefits of interviews included personal insights about leading change while the workshop provided an opportunity for collective sense-making.
Originality/value
When organizational stakeholders work through the change process through a participatory workshop, they may get on the same page, but require additional support to take action.
Details
Keywords
Santosh Kumar, Manoj Kumar and Neeru Jindal
This paper aims to consolidate the results of various researchers focusing the different applications, so that this paper could become the torch bearer for the futuristic…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to consolidate the results of various researchers focusing the different applications, so that this paper could become the torch bearer for the futuristic researchers working in the domain of cold gas dynamics spray coating.
Design/methodology/approach
A study on the cold spray coating is presented by summarizing the data present in literature. Important factors such as coating temperature, pressure, coating thickness, particle size, which affect the erosion-corrosion (E-C) resistance, physical and mechanical properties of boiler steel are stated. This paper also addresses the use of cold spray coating and compares it with other different thermal spray processes.
Findings
From the literature review, it was noticed that cold spray technology is best as compare to other thermal spray processes to reduce porosity, increase hardness, adhesion strength and retention in properties of feedstock powders.
Originality/value
Cold spray coating technology has a great potential in almost every field especially in restoration of surfaces, generation of complex surface, biomedical application, resist hot corrosion, wear, oxidation and erosion corrosion.