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At the current stage of electrical technology development, it is relevant to take into account the quality of electrical energy. It can be implemented if an assessed energy quality indicator is available. The amount of electrical energy is determined by active power, which is transmitted over a certain time period. In some cases, reactive power is included in the metering system. The distortion power is justifiably criticized and is not taken into account. The purpose of this paper consists in the substantiation of the indicator of the distortion of the periodic polyharmonic current electrical energy power, by separating from the instantaneous power such harmonics, which formed by same frequencies current and voltage harmonics.

Using the method of calculating linear polyharmonic current circuits, the following quantities are identified in instantaneous power: active, reactive and apparent powers of each harmonic. These components are known from references as canonical.

By the method of instantaneous power harmonic analysis, the components formed by current and voltage harmonics of the same frequency and different frequencies are distinguished.

The RMS value of the instantaneous power due to current and voltage harmonics of different frequencies is justified in the work. This quantity allows you to distinguish the instantaneous power distortion level in comparison with the existing quantity.

The results can be used to assess the level of instantaneous power distortion level in commercial and technical metering systems.

The definition of instantaneous power distortion by extracting the canonical components from it and determining the root mean square value of the remainder is proposed.

The purpose of this paper is to identify on the instantaneous electrical power basis of a nonsinusoidal periodic current three-phase asymmetric system, active and reactive positive, negative and zero sequence powers, taking into account higher harmonics. The main power theories, including those embodied in the IEEE 1459 standard, do not allow to evaluate some of power components.

A well-known fact is that the three-phase AC system total power with the symmetry of currents and voltages is constant. It corresponds to the electrical energy transfer process in a DC system. In this case, the electrical energy transmission can be taken as high quality. It has been established that the components of active and reactive powers are because of the product of current and voltage of unidirectional sequences. The orthogonal components of the oscillating power are because of the product of the voltage and current components of different sequences, with the exception of the zero sequence.

For an unbalanced nonsinusoidal mode of a three-phase system, the components of instantaneous power were defined, corresponding to the active and reactive positive and negative and zero sequences powers with the selection of the fundamental and higher harmonics. The active and reactive powers of sequences were divided into two categories – consumed and generated.

It is proposed to use the ratio of “interfere” power RMS value to the total power RMS value to assess the instantaneous power distortion.

Investigates urban bias in state policy making in Mexico. Refers to literature claiming that rural poverty in developing nations is a major problem because capitalism reflects an urban bias. Examines social security coverage for the rural poor in Mexico and notes that there are great variations depending on area, suggesting that social security coverage is politically negotiable. Outlines briefly the historical development of Mexico’s welfare state and uses a power resource model to demonstrate how groups with competing interests go about securing benefits from the state. Cites literature on dependency theory, indicating that rural groups have failed to mobilize politically and have therefore not secured the same state resources (such as social security benefits and housing) as urban groups, yet argues that this does not always apply in Mexico, partially due to party politics and bureaucratic paternalism. Explains how data was collected to examine regional variations in social security coverage among the rural poor and how the data was analysed. Reveal that workers in important international export markets (such as cotton and sugar) have greater political leverage in obtaining better social security benefits. Notes also that areas supporting the political party in power obtain better benefits. Concludes, therefore, that rural workers are not powerless in the face of urban capitalism and that urban bias and dependency theories do not reflect the situation in Mexico – rather social security benefits are politically negotiable.

IT is unfortunate that the date of the 17th Salon de l'Aeronautique made it impossible to include a review of it in the December issue of AIRCRAFT ENGINEERING, although perhaps its consideration in retrospect may be of rather greater value.

SUPERCHARGED aero engines are more or less a post‐war invasion into the practical side of aero‐engine design. The problem of power boosting for internal combustion engines, especially aero engines, has for several years engaged the attention of engine designers, with the result that to‐day quite a number of engines are produced with superchargers as an integral part of the standard equipment. Various types of superchargers have been tried, such as the reciprocating pump, Roots Blower, exhaust‐driven turbo compressor, and the gear‐driven centrifugal form of blower. The last‐named is the type most commonly used in this country at the present time.

We examine how authorities' use of fair decision-making procedures and power benevolently shape workers' impressions of them as competent and warm, which serve as a mechanism whereby authorities' behaviors shape workers' emotional responses. We investigate how the role of these impressions differs depending on authority gender and consider whether emotional responses differ for male and female subordinates.

We conducted a between-subjects experimental vignette study in which we manipulate an authority's behaviors and gender. We use multigroup mediation analysis to test our predictions.

Authorities who employ procedural justice and benevolent power elicit reports of heightened positive emotion experiences and intended displays and reports of reduced negative emotion experiences and intended displays. These behaviors also enhance views of authorities as competent and warm. The mediating role of impressions differs by authority gender. Authority behaviors prompt reports of positive emotions through conveying impressions that align with authorities' gender stereotypes (competence for men, warmth for women). In contrast, warmth impressions mediate effects of behaviors on reported negative emotions when authorities are men, whereas when authorities are women, benevolent power use directly reduces reported negative experience, and procedural justice reduces negative display. Female respondents are more likely to report positive emotion experience and display toward male authorities and negative display toward female authorities.

By examining competence and warmth impressions as mechanisms, we gain insight into how the process by which authority behaviors affect worker emotions is gendered and shed light on micro-level dynamics contributing to gender inequality at work.

IT is well known that war gives a great impetus to development in many fields, not least of which is that of aircraft propulsion. Such was the case in World War II, when great strides were made, but it is interesting to note that the pace has hardly slackened in the years following its conclusion. This is perhaps because of the ‘cold’ war which took its place, or perhaps because the introduction of jet propulsion has stimulated thought and action in realms beyond the dreams of the piston engine era. Whatever the cause, the results are apparent and this is a suitable moment to look back and measure the progress of the past seven or eight years.

This paper aims to collect the energy consumption data and carry out energy consumption analysis of chemical enterprises, which is helpful to grasp the working conditions of each equipment accurately and to perfect the demand side management (DSM) for the user in the terminal.

The paper proposes a load monitoring system of chemical enterprises to collect the energy consumption data and carry out energy consumption analysis. An Elman neural network based on sparrow search algorithm is proposed to predict the power consumption change and distribution trend of enterprises in the future production cycle. The calculation efficiency and prediction accuracy have been significantly improved.

The paper analyzes the energy saving effect of energy efficiency management as well as “avoiding peak and filling valley” measures, and reasonable control requirements and assumed conditions are put forward to study the operability of enterprise energy saving measures from the DSM.

Because of the chosen enterprise data, the prediction accuracy needs to be further improved. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to test the proposed methodology further.

The paper includes implications for the development of energy consumption analysis and load forecasting of chemical enterprises and perfects the DSM for the user.

This paper fulfills an identified need to study how to forecast the power load and improve the management efficiency of energy consumption.

The paper aims to explore how power and gender influence decision making in an operational and risky context.

The authors run a laboratory experiment. The experimental factors are power and operational profitability. Power is manipulated using an episodic priming task, while profitability, by changing a newsvendor-type product’s procurement cost. Participants’ risk attitude is captured using a risk lottery.

Participants deviate from the optimal order regardless of the power condition and their risk profile. Risk-seeking women order consistently more than risk-seeking men, which allow women to offer a higher service level. In the low-profit condition, men prefer to make more conservative decisions, which allow them to place orders that are closer to the economical benchmark, where both men’ induced power and the risk-seeking tendencies from both genders play a role. Behavioural models in the high-power condition explain the observed differences in ordering behaviours.

This paper provides behavioural research to explore how differences in power and gender, and their links with risky decision making, influence decision making in an uncertain operations management context, representing thus an important departure from mainstream studies.