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1 – 10 of 24M. Hassanein, M. Abd El Rahm, H. M. Abd El Bary and H. Abd El-Wahab
This paper aims to study the physical and chemical characteristics of inkjet titanium dioxide inks for cotton fabric digital printing.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to study the physical and chemical characteristics of inkjet titanium dioxide inks for cotton fabric digital printing.
Design/methodology/approach
Different dispersing agents through the reaction of glycerol monooleate and toluene diisocyanate were prepared and then performed by using three different polyols (succinic anhydride-modified polyethylene glycol PEG 600, EO/PO Polyether Monoamine and p-chloro aniline Polyether Monoamine), to obtain three different dispersing agents for water-based titanium dioxide inkjet inks. The prepared dispersants were characterized using FTIR to monitor the reaction progress. Then the prepared dispersants were formulated in titanium dioxide inkjet inks formulation and characterized by particle size, dynamic surface tension, transmission electron microscopy, viscosity and zeta potential against commercial dispersants. Also, the study was extended to evaluate the printed polyester by using the prepared inks according to washing and crock fastness.
Findings
The obtained results showed that p-chloro aniline Polyether Monoamine (J) and succinic anhydride modified polyethylene glycol PEG 600 (H) dispersants provided optimum performance as compared to commercial standards especially, particle size distribution data while EO/PO Polyether Monoamine based on dispersant was against and then failed with the wettability and dispersion stability tests.
Practical implications
These ink formulations could be used for printing on cotton fabric by DTG technique of printing and can be used for other types of fabrics.
Originality/value
The newly prepared ink formulation for digital textile printing based on synthesized polyurethane prepolymers has the potential to be promising in this type of printing inks, to prevent clogging of nozzles on the printhead and to improve the print quality on the textile fiber.
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In the present paper, the new concept of “memory dependent derivative” in the Pennes’ bioheat transfer and heat-induced mechanical response in human living tissue with variable…
Abstract
Purpose
In the present paper, the new concept of “memory dependent derivative” in the Pennes’ bioheat transfer and heat-induced mechanical response in human living tissue with variable thermal conductivity and rheological properties of the volume is considered.
Design/methodology/approach
A problem of cancerous layered with arbitrary thickness is considered and solved analytically by Kirchhoff and Laplace transformation. The analytical expressions for temperature, displacement and stress are obtained in the Laplace transform domain. The inversion technique for Laplace transforms is carried out using a numerical technique based on Fourier series expansions.
Findings
Comparisons are made with the results anticipated through the coupled and generalized theories. The influence of variable thermal, volume materials properties and time-delay parameters for all the regarded fields for different forms of kernel functions is examined.
Originality/value
The results indicate that the thermal conductivity and volume relaxation parameters and MDD parameter play a major role in all considered distributions. This dissertation is an attempt to provide a theoretical thermo-viscoelastic structure to help researchers understand the complex thermo-mechanical processes present in thermal therapies.
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The purpose of this paper is to deal with a new generalized model of thermoelasticity theory with memory-dependent derivatives (MDD).
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to deal with a new generalized model of thermoelasticity theory with memory-dependent derivatives (MDD).
Design/methodology/approach
The two-dimensional equations of generalized thermoelasticity with MDD are solved using a state-space approach. The numerical inversion method is employed for the inversion of Laplace and Fourier transforms.
Findings
The solutions are presented graphically for different values of time delay and kernel function.
Originality/value
The governing coupled equations of the new generalized thermoelasticity with time delay and kernel function, which can be chosen freely according to the necessity of applications, are applied to a two-dimensional problem of an isotropic plate.
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The conflict between Iran and Iraq is not new; it dates from long before September 1980. In fact, the origins of the current war can be traced to the battle of Qadisiyah in…
Abstract
The conflict between Iran and Iraq is not new; it dates from long before September 1980. In fact, the origins of the current war can be traced to the battle of Qadisiyah in Southern Iraq in 637 A.D., a battle in which the Arab armies of General Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas decisively defeated the Persian army. In victory, the Arab armies extended Islam east of the Zagros Mountains to Iran. In defeat, the Persian Empire began a steady decline that lasted until the sixteenth century. However, since the beginning of that century, Persia has occupied Iraq three times: 1508–1514, 1529–1543, and 1623–1638. Boundary disputes, specifically over the Shatt al‐Arab Waterway, and old enmities caused the wars. In 1735, belligerent Iranian naval forces entered the Shatt al‐Arab but subsequently withdrew. Twenty years later, Iranians occupied the city of Sulimaniah and threatened to occupy the neighboring countries of Bahrain and Kuwait. In 1847, Iran dominated the eastern bank of the Shatt al‐Arab and occupied Mohamarah in Iraq.
Magdy A. Ezzat, Shereen M. Ezzat and Modhi Y. Alkharraz
The purpose of this study is to develop a comprehensive size-dependent piezoelectric thermo-viscoelastic coupling model that accounts for two fundamentally distinct size-dependent…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to develop a comprehensive size-dependent piezoelectric thermo-viscoelastic coupling model that accounts for two fundamentally distinct size-dependent models that govern fractional dual-phase lag heat transfer and viscoelastic deformation, respectively.
Design/methodology/approach
The fractional calculus has recently been shown to capture precisely the experimental effects of viscoelastic materials. The governing equations are combined into a unified system, from which certain theorems results on linear coupled and generalized theories of thermo-viscoelasticity may be easily established. Laplace transforms and state–space approach will be used to determine the generic solution when any set of boundary conditions exists. The derived formulation is used to two concrete different problems for a piezoelectric rod. The numerical technique for inverting the transfer functions is used to generate observable numerical results.
Findings
Some analogies of impacts of nonlocal thermal conduction, nonlocal elasticity and DPL parameters as well as fractional order on thermal spreads and thermo-viscoelastic response are illustrated in the figures.
Originality/value
The results in all figures indicate that the nonlocal thermal and viscoelastic parameters have a considerable influence on all field values. This discovery might help with the design and analysis of thermal-mechanical aspects of nanoscale devices.
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Rajesh Kumar, Seema Thakran, Ankush Gunghas and Kapil Kumar Kalkal
The purpose of this study is to analyze the two-dimensional disturbances in a nonlocal, functionally graded, isotropic thermoelastic medium under the purview of the Green–Lindsay…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to analyze the two-dimensional disturbances in a nonlocal, functionally graded, isotropic thermoelastic medium under the purview of the Green–Lindsay model of generalized thermoelasticity. The formulation is subjected to a mechanical load. All the thermomechanical properties of the solid are assumed to vary exponentially with the position.
Design/methodology/approach
Normal mode technique is proposed to obtain the exact expressions for the displacement components, stresses and temperature field.
Findings
Numerical computations have been carried out with the help of MATLAB software and the results are illustrated graphically. These are also calculated numerically for a magnesium crystal-like material and illustrated through graphs. Theoretical and numerical results demonstrate that the nonlocality and nonhomogeneity parameters have significant effects on the considered physical fields.
Originality/value
Influences of nonlocality and nonhomogeneity on the physical quantities are carefully analyzed for isothermal and insulated boundaries. The present work is useful and valuable for analysis of problems involving mechanical shock, nonlocal parameter, functionally graded materials and elastic deformation.
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Chenghui Xu, Sen Leng, Deen Li and Yajun Yu
This paper aims to focus on the accurate analysis of the fractional heat transfer in a two-dimensional (2D) rectangular monolayer tissue with three different kinds of lateral…
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to focus on the accurate analysis of the fractional heat transfer in a two-dimensional (2D) rectangular monolayer tissue with three different kinds of lateral boundary conditions and the quantitative evaluation of the degree of thermal damage and burn depth.
Design/methodology/approach
A symplectic method is used to analytically solve the fractional heat transfer dual equation in the frequency domain (s-domain). Explicit expressions of the dual vector can be constructed by superposing the symplectic eigensolutions. The solution procedure is rigorously rational without any trial functions. And the accurate predictions of temperature and heat flux in the time domain (t-domain) are derived through numerical inverse Laplace transform.
Findings
Comparison study shows that the maximum relative error is less than 0.16%, which verifies the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method. The results indicate that the model and heat source parameters have a significant effect on temperature and thermal damage. The pulse duration (Δt) of the laser heat source can effectively control the time to reach the peak temperature and the peak slope of the thermal damage curve. The burn depth is closely correlated with exposure temperature and duration. And there exists the delayed effect of fractional order on burn depth.
Originality/value
A symplectic approach is presented for the thermal analysis of 2D fractional heat transfer. A unified time-fractional heat transfer model is proposed to describe the anomalous thermal behavior of biological tissue. New findings might provide guidance for temperature prediction and thermal damage assessment of biological tissues during hyperthermia.
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Zeinab Abbas Zaazou and Doaa Salman Abdou
The impact of COVID-19 outbreak freeze economic actors and hold innovative startups. This triggered the researchers to investigate the effect of the pandemic on small- and…
Abstract
Purpose
The impact of COVID-19 outbreak freeze economic actors and hold innovative startups. This triggered the researchers to investigate the effect of the pandemic on small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Egypt and how do these start-ups deal on the whole with this serious situation.
Design/methodology/approach
The research in hand used both qualitative and quantitative methods. It started first with semi-structured interview questions addressed to a number of participants, then a quantitative study took place, ending with conclusion and recommendations.
Findings
There is an agreement among all participants that entrepreneurs should always be flexible and seek for investments in innovation. However, there is a discrepancy among participants’ opinions regarding the measurements taken by the Egyptian Government post the pandemic outbreak.
Research limitations/implications
The field study results and the exploratory research results would have come out more accurate if it was not confined only to geographical limitation (Cairo Governorate).
Practical implications
The research in hand suggests that practical measurements should not only provide first aid to start-ups by alleviating the pressure caused by constrained cash flow but also consider long-term measures embedded in and supported by the wider entrepreneurial ecosystem to ensure start-ups rapid recovery and growth.
Social implications
SMEs attribute to social and economic change and have an impact on the local public and social services sector as a result of the business’s activities.
Originality/value
This study first illustrates the challenges entrepreneurs are facing because of the pandemic, then it presents how entrepreneurs are dealing with the effects of the crisis.
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Aatef Hobiny and Ibrahim Abbas
The purpose of this paper is to study the wave propagation in a non-homogenous semiconducting medium through the photothermal process using the fractional order…
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the wave propagation in a non-homogenous semiconducting medium through the photothermal process using the fractional order photo-thermoelastic without neglecting the coupling between the plasma and thermoelastic waves that photogenerated through traction free and loaded thermally by exponentially decaying pulse boundary heat flux.
Design/methodology/approach
The analytical solutions in the transformed domain by the eigenvalue approach were observed through the transform techniques of Laplace.
Findings
Silicon-like semiconductor was used to achieve the numerical computations.
Originality/value
Some comparisons are shown in the figures to estimate the effects of the fractional order and non-homogeneous parameters.
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Mohamed M. Hendy and Magdy A. Ezzat
Whereas, the classical Green-Naghdi Type II (GN-II) model struggles to accurately represent the thermo-mechanical behavior of thermoelectric MHD due to its inability to account…
Abstract
Purpose
Whereas, the classical Green-Naghdi Type II (GN-II) model struggles to accurately represent the thermo-mechanical behavior of thermoelectric MHD due to its inability to account for the memory effect. A new mathematical model of the GN-II theory incorporates a fractional order of heat transport to address this issue.
Design/methodology/approach
The employment of the matrix exponential method, which forms the basis of the state-space approach in contemporary theory, is central to this strategy. The resulting formulation, together with the Laplace transform techniques, is applied to a variety of problems. Solutions to a thermal shock problem and to a problem of a layer media both without heat sources are obtained. Also, a problem with the distribution of heat sources is considered. The numerical technique is used to achieve the Laplace transform inversion.
Findings
According to the numerical results and its graphs, the influences of the fractional order parameters, figure-of-merit factor, thermoelectric power and Peltier coefficient on the behavior of the field quantities are investigated in the new theory.
Originality/value
The new modeling of thermoelectric MHD has advanced significantly as a result of this work, providing a more thorough and precise tool for forecasting the behavior of these materials under a range of thermal and magnetic conditions.
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