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With the development of science and technology, more creators are trying to use new crafts to represent the cultural trends of the social media era, which makes cultural heritage innovative and new genres emerge. This compels the academic community to examine craft from a new perspective. It is very helpful to understand the hidden representational structure of craft more deeply and improve the craft innovation system of cultural and creative products that we deconstruct the craft based on Complex Network and discover its intrinsic connections.

The research crawled and cleaned the craft information of the top 20% products on the Forbidden City’s cultural and creative products online and then performed Complex Network modeling, constructed three craft representation networks among function, material and technique, quantified and analyzed the inner connections and network structure of the craft elements, and then analyzed the cultural inheritance and innovation embedded in the craft representation networks.

The three dichotomous craft representation networks constructed by combining function, material and technique: (1) the network density is low and none of them has small-world characteristics, indicating that the innovative heritage of the craft elements in the Forbidden City’s cultural and creative products is at the stage of continuous exploration and development, and multiple coupling innovation is still insufficient; (2) all have scale-free characteristics and there is still a certain degree of community structure within each network, indicating that the coupling innovation of craft elements of the Forbidden City’s cultural and creative products is seriously uneven, with some specific “grammatical combinations” and an Island Effect in the network structure; (3) the craft elements with high network centrality emphasize the characteristics of decorative culture and design for the masses, as well as the pursuit of production efficiency and economic benefits, which represent the aesthetic purport of contemporary Chinese society and the ideological trend of production and life.

The Forbidden City’s cultural and creative products should continue to develop and enrich the multi-coupling innovation of craft elements, clarify and continue their own brand unique craft genes, and make full use of the network important nodes role.

Inadequate support stiffness leads to motor vibrations exceeding the standard during the commissioning process. However, in-depth research on the parameters affecting bearing support stiffness remains incomplete. This paper aims to reveal the impact of the bearing support stiffness on the shaft system and explore the bearing assembly factors affecting the bearing support stiffness and optimization.

The finite-element method is adopted to calculate the bearing support stiffness accurately, with model validation conducted via a test rig. The significant factors affecting bearing housing stiffness are investigated by using the orthogonal experiment method. Finally, a multi-objective optimization strategy for bearing assembly parameters is proposed to improve the bearing support stiffness.

The bearing housing stiffness is anisotropic in vertical and horizontal directions, influencing the dynamics of shaft system. Bearing housing looseness can significantly reduce the bearing support stiffness. The contact angle and interference have a very significant effect on the bearing housing stiffness. Preferred combinations of bearing assembly parameters can be obtained by multi-objective genetic algorithms.

This study proposed a test determination method of bearing housing stiffness, showed that the phenomenon of bearing housing loosening in the test will reduce the bearing support stiffness and considered the respective phase anisotropy of the bearing housing stiffness. The influence of bearing support stiffness on the dynamic characteristics of the shaft system was studied, alongside the optimization of bearing assembly parameters affecting housing stiffness.

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-07-2024-0265/

The paper aims to contribute to the current research on China's Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) from a historical point of view. The paper investigates why the history of the Silk Roads is important to the BRI, what is in the guiding thought underpinning China's Silk Roads narrative and how this narrative is presented transnationally, through an insightful analysis of the Communist Party of China's (CPC) view of the Silk Roads history, as well as its perception of the connections between the Silk Roads history and the BRI.

The paper sits in the interface between history, heritage and state power. The argument is framed in concepts of historical constructionism and soft power. It is based on the discourse analysis of China's official narrative of Silk Roads and a case study of the planning for the World Heritage nomination of the Maritime Silk Routes (MSR) (China section). The case study is conducted through a qualitative analysis of academic publications, media reports and programs, official speeches and documents that are available to the public in hardcopy or on the Internet.

The paper reveals the relationship between the state-endorsed Silk Roads narrative and the BRI. The paper argues that the state-backed Silk Roads narrative as well as the planning for the World Heritage nomination of the MSR (China section) is guided by the Chinese Communist Party's perception of the BRI. In this respect, the Silk Roads-associated history, heritage and memory are shaped and deployed to serve as a convenient platform for the promotion of the BRI. The Party leaders' perception of the BRI is in large part about the revival of China's past glory, its national rejuvenation and the demonstration of China's soft power.

The paper contributes to the existing literature on the BRI through its enquiries into how the CPC reconcile nationalist ambitions with notions of peace, harmony and cosmopolitanism and how CPC's view of the Silk Roads history shapes its vision of the BRI. The paper examines the role of the state in the construction and articulation of the Silk Roads-associated history, heritage and memory. It investigates how China's official interpretation of the Silk Road heritage serves China's BRI.

BIM technology has a huge potential for improving the renovation efficiency for as-built buildings. However, due to the absence of raw design drawings and the complex interior environment, it is difficult to implement 3D reconstruction of building interiors in interior renovation projects. Therefore, this study proposes a 3D reconstruction framework of building interiors, with an aim to generate building interiors building information modeling (BIM) models quickly and accurately based on scan-to-BIM and generative design.

The proposed framework begins by reconstructing interior structured elements based on the scan-to-BIM process including collecting accurate information of as-built buildings by laser scanning, obtaining point clouds of structured elements through deep learning and developing an efficient dynamo algorithm workflow for generating structured elements BIM model. For unstructured elements, intelligent layout design and efficient BIM generation are conducted by combining the BIM tools and generative design.

The successful implementation of the proposed framework in a conference room demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed framework. The semantic segmentation scheme based on deep learning also exhibited excellent recognition and high efficiency for interior structured elements. Furthermore, it is proved that the combination of scan-to-BIM and generative design has high application value in the 3D reconstruction of building interiors.

On one hand, a feasible framework is proposed to generate BIM model of building interiors, improve interoperability among different software tools, streamline the complexity of the scan-to-BIM process and meet the reconfiguration requirement of unstructured elements layout scheme in interior renovation projects. On the other hand, the use of BIM and various emerging technologies can drive digital transformation and further advance the industrialization process of interior renovation in as-built buildings.

Production of waste has been increased exponentially due to world industrialization and urban and machine life expansion. On the other hand, the outbreak of the COVID-19 coronavirus quickly became a global crisis. This crisis has added a large amount of waste to urban waste. The purpose of this study is to create cooperation between municipal waste collector contractors.

Thus, a mathematical model is proposed under uncertain conditions, which includes the volume of municipal waste and infectious waste including personal protective equipment and used equipment for patients. To reduce total costs, the results are evaluated with four cooperative game theory methods such as Shapley value, t value, core center and least core. Ultimately, the saved cost by cooperation in each coalition is allocated fairly among the contractors. Finally, a comparison was made between the solution methods based on the value of the objective function and the solution time.

The results indicate that the proposed cooperative method increases cost savings and reduces the fine of residual waste. Therefore, it can be mentioned that this kind of cooperation would finally result in more incentives for contractors to form larger coalitions. Genetic algorithms were used to solve the large-scale model.

The proposed model boosts the current understanding of waste management in the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper adds additional value by unveiling some key future research directions. This guidance may demonstrate possible existing and unexplored gaps so that researchers can direct future research to develop new processes.