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The purpose of this paper is to derive and solve equations for the fuel required by internal combustion engine airplanes on trajectories with a constant rate of climb or descent. Three modes of flight are considered: constant angle of attack, constant speed, and constant Mach number.

Newton's second law of motion is used to derive the equations. These are Riccati equations or reduced to such equations after neglecting a small term. A change of variable transforms them into second order linear differential equations that are solved exactly.

Formulas are found for the weight of fuel, speed, altitude, horizontal distance, time to climb, and power required.

The formulas obtained have direct applications for the analysis of aircraft performances and mission planning.

The formulas obtained are new and fundamental for the analysis of aircraft dynamics.

The primary objective of this study is to investigate the ethical implications of deploying AI-enabled chatbots in the healthcare sector. In addition, the research underscores trust and reliability as critical factors in addressing the ethical challenges associated with these chatbots.

This study takes a qualitative approach, conducting 13 semi-structured interviews with a diverse range of participants, including patients, healthcare professionals, academic researchers, ethicists, and legal experts. This broad spectrum of perspectives ensures a comprehensive understanding of the ethical implications of AI-enabled chatbots in healthcare. The rich exploratory data gathered from these interviews is then analysed using thematic analysis.

The findings of this study are highly significant in the context of AI-enabled healthcare chatbots. They highlight four major themes: developing trust, ensuring reliability, ethical considerations, and potential ethical implications. The interconnectedness of these themes forms a coherent narrative, highlighting the pivotal role of trust and reliability in mitigating ethical issues.

This study contributes to the existing literature on AI-enabled healthcare chatbots. It not only reveals potential ethical concerns associated with these technologies, such as data security, patient privacy, bias, and accountability, but it also places a significant emphasis on trust and reliability as critical elements that can boost user confidence and engagement in using AI-enabled chatbots for healthcare advice.

The purpose of this study was to establish whether self-organisation and its components matter for supply chain agility in the context of humanitarian relief operations in a developing country, Uganda.

This study adopted a cross-sectional design to collect data from a sample of 101 humanitarian organisations (HOs) that deliver relief to Bidi-Bidi refugee settlement in Uganda.

Based on the findings, self-organisation explains 56% of the variance in supply chain agility.

Since the study was cross-sectional, changes in the perception of the subject matter could not be established. Hence, a longitudinal approach was recommended for subsequent studies. Data was collected only from HOs that deliver relief services in Bidi-Bidi refugee settlement.

It is recommended that managers of HOs should ensure that their organisations have flexible, adaptive structures that can affect self-organisation during emergencies so as to increase the speed with which they respond to victims' needs.

This study generates significant empirical evidence on a less studied phenomenon in the humanitarian sector. It vividly highlights the effect of self-organisation on building supply chain agility.

The purpose of this paper is to show that football as a sacred experience is often raised, but has never led to an argued approach. Professional football (soccer) is a genuine societal phenomenon, both through the medias’ interest they cause and through the financial stakes that are related to it. It is common to read that football, through the passions it unleashes, for example in terms of tribal violence, has become a type of religion, with its believers (the fans) and its place of worship (the stadiums).

The authors reviewed the literature, research reports and electronic documents on professional football practices to understand the religious dimension of fan passion in Europe (ritualism, collective beliefs, using of totemic objects, etc.).

The paper suggests a reading grid of religions, founded on four interdependent dimensions (the Community, the Law, the Way and the Experience) and applies it to professional football by underlying its relevance in the singular context of sports show.

Beyond well-known economic stakes, the paper clarifies the football passion from a religious perspective and identifies the main pillars of the fan conversion process according to a heteronomous logic.