Ali Ghasemi, Farzin Shama, Gholamreza Karimi and Farshad Khosravi
The purpose of this paper is to provide appropriate methods for reducing the abnormalities on the extracted fetal heart signal from the maternal electrocardiogram (ECG).
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide appropriate methods for reducing the abnormalities on the extracted fetal heart signal from the maternal electrocardiogram (ECG).
Design/methodology/approach
In this regard, the extracted signal of the fetal heart from the mother, improved using an active noise cancelation (ANC) system. It uses commonly adaptive algorithms of normalized least mean squares (NLMS). In the present paper, fetal extraction and denoising methodology are proposed. This methodology uses a combination of the NLMS algorithm with Savitzky–Golay (S-G) filter.
Findings
The obtained results show that a combination of NLMS algorithm with filter coefficient of 15 and µ = 0.02 and S-G filter has a better qSNR (qSNR = 3.6727) and good performance for fetal ECG extraction in comparison with the other works for average fmSNR in the range of −30 to −15 dB. Also, with considering the SNR value of −24.7 dB before filtering and SNR = 3.1861 dB after filtering; the SNR improvement of 27.8861 dB has been obtained.
Originality/value
A new method in the extract and noise reduction of fetal ECG from maternal ECG by the combination of NLMS algorithm and S-G filter is proposed.
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Alireza Ardehshiri, Gholamreza Karimi and Ramin Dehdasht-Heydari
This paper aims to design, optimize and simulate the Radio Frequency (RF) micro electromechanical system (MEMS) Switch which is stimulated by electrostatically voltage.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to design, optimize and simulate the Radio Frequency (RF) micro electromechanical system (MEMS) Switch which is stimulated by electrostatically voltage.
Design/methodology/approach
The geometric structure of the switch was extracted based on the design of Taguchi-based experiment using the mathematical programming and obtaining objective function by the genetic meta-heuristic algorithm.
Findings
The RF parameters of the switch were calculated for the design of Taguchi-based S11 = −5.649 dB and S21 = −46.428 dB at the working frequency of 40 GHz. The pull-in voltage of the switch was 2.8 V and the axial residual stress of the proposed design was obtained 28 MPa and the design of Taguchi-based S11 = −4.422 dB and S21 = −48.705dB at the working frequency of 40 GHz. The pull-in voltage of the switch was 2.5 V and the axial residual stress of the proposed design was obtained 25 MPa.
Originality/value
A novel complex strategy in the design and optimization of capacitive RF switch MEMS modeling is proposed.
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Ali Rahimi Gheynani, Omid Ali Akbari, Majid Zarringhalam, Gholamreza Ahmadi Sheikh Shabani, Abdulwahab A. Alnaqi, Marjan Goodarzi and Davood Toghraie
Although many studies have been conducted on the nanofluid flow in microtubes, this paper, for the first time, aims to investigate the effects of nanoparticle diameter and…
Abstract
Purpose
Although many studies have been conducted on the nanofluid flow in microtubes, this paper, for the first time, aims to investigate the effects of nanoparticle diameter and concentration on the velocity and temperature fields of turbulent non-Newtonian Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)/copper oxide (CuO) nanofluid in a three-dimensional microtube. Modeling has been done using low- and high-Reynolds turbulent models. CMC/CuO was modeled using power law non-Newtonian model. The authors obtained interesting results, which can be helpful for engineers and researchers that work on cooling of electronic devices such as LED, VLSI circuits and MEMS, as well as similar devices.
Design/methodology/approach
Present numerical simulation was performed with finite volume method. For obtaining higher accuracy in the numerical solving procedure, second-order upwind discretization and SIMPLEC algorithm were used. For all Reynolds numbers and volume fractions, a maximum residual of 10−6 is considered for saving computer memory usage and the time for the numerical solving procedure.
Findings
In constant Reynolds number and by decreasing the diameter of nanoparticles, the convection heat transfer coefficient increases. In Reynolds numbers of 2,500, 4,500 and 6,000, using nanoparticles with the diameter of 25 nm compared with 50 nm causes 0.34 per cent enhancement of convection heat transfer coefficient and Nusselt number. Also, in Reynolds number of 2,500, by increasing the concentration of nanoparticles with the diameter of 25 nm from 0.5 to 1 per cent, the average Nusselt number increases by almost 0.1 per cent. Similarly, In Reynolds numbers of 4,500 and 6,000, the average Nusselt number increases by 1.8 per cent.
Research limitations/implications
The numerical simulation was carried out for three nanoparticle diameters of 25, 50 and 100 nm with three Reynolds numbers of 2,500, 4,500 and 6,000. Constant heat flux is on the channel, and the inlet fluid becomes heated and exists from it.
Practical implications
The authors obtained interesting results, which can be helpful for engineers and researchers that work on cooling of electronic devices such as LED, VLSI circuits and MEMS, as well as similar devices.
Originality/value
This manuscript is an original work, has not been published and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. About the competing interests, the authors declare that they have no competing interests.
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Zhe Tian, Seyed Amin Bagherzadeh, Kamal Ghani, Arash Karimipour, Ali Abdollahi, Mehrdad Bahrami and Mohammad Reza Safaei
This paper aims to propose a new nonlinear function estimation fuzzy system as a novel statistical approach to estimate nanofluids’ thermal conductivity.
Abstract
Purpose
This paper aims to propose a new nonlinear function estimation fuzzy system as a novel statistical approach to estimate nanofluids’ thermal conductivity.
Design/methodology/approach
A fuzzy system having a product inference engine, a singleton fuzzifier, a center average defuzzifier and Gaussian membership functions is proposed for this purpose.
Findings
Results indicate that the proposed fuzzy system can predict the thermal conductivity of Al2O3/paraffin nanofluid with appropriate precision and generalization and it also outperforms the classic interpolation methods.
Originality/value
A new nonlinear function estimation fuzzy system was introduced as a novel statistical approach to estimate nanofluids’ thermal conductivity for the first time.
Details
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Erfan Khodabandeh, Davood Toghraie, A. Chamkha, Ramin Mashayekhi, Omidali Akbari and Seyed Alireza Rozati
Increasing heat transfer rate in spiral heat exchangers is possible by using conventional methods such as increasing number of fluid passes and counter flowing. In addition, newer…
Abstract
Purpose
Increasing heat transfer rate in spiral heat exchangers is possible by using conventional methods such as increasing number of fluid passes and counter flowing. In addition, newer ideas such as using pillows as baffles in the path of cold and hot fluids and using nanofluids can increase heat transfer rate. The purpose of this study is to simulate turbulent flow and heat transfer of two-phase water-silver nanofluid with 0-6 Vol.% nanoparticle concentration in a 180° path of spiral heat exchanger with elliptic pillows.
Design/methodology/approach
In this simulation, the finite volume method and two-phase mixture model are used. The walls are subjected to constant heat flux of q″ = 150,000 Wm−2. The inlet fluid enters curves path of spiral heat exchanger with uniform temperature Tin = 300 K. After flowing past the pillows and traversing the curved route, the working fluid exchanges heat with hot walls and then exits from the section. In this study, the effect of radiation is disregarded because of low temperature range. Also, temperature jump and velocity slipping are disregarded. The effects of thermophoresis and turbulent diffusion on nanofluid heat transfer are disregarded. By using finite volume method and two-phase mixture model, simulations are performed.
Findings
The results show that the flow and heat transfer characteristics are dependent on the height of pillows, nanoparticle concentration and Reynolds number. Increasing Reynolds number, nanoparticle concentration and pillow height causes an increase in Nusselt number, pressure drop and pumping power.
Originality/value
Turbulent flow and heat transfer of two-phase water-silver nanofluid of 0-6 per cent volume fraction in a 180° path of spiral heat exchanger with elliptic pillows is simulated.
Details
Keywords
Seyed Mohammad Mousavi, Omid Ali Akbari, Ghanbarali Sheikhzadeh, Ali Marzban, Davood Toghraie and Ali J. Chamkha
The purpose of this study is two phase modeling of Water/Cu nanofluid forced convection in different arrangements of elliptical tube banks in a two-dimensional space.
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is two phase modeling of Water/Cu nanofluid forced convection in different arrangements of elliptical tube banks in a two-dimensional space.
Design/methodology/approach
The arrangements of tube banks have been regarded as equal spacing triangle (ES), equilateral triangle (ET) and the rotated square (RS). The obtained results indicate that, among the investigated arrangements, the RS arrangement has the maximum value of heat transfer with cooling fluid. Also, the changes of Nusselt number and the local friction factor are under the influence of three main factors including volume fraction of slid nanoparticles, the changes of fluid velocity parameters on the curved surface of tube and flow separation after crossing from a specified angle of fluid rotation.
Findings
In Reynolds number of 250 and in all arrangements of the tube banks, the behavior of Nusselt number is almost the same and the separation of flow happens in almost 155-165 degrees from fluid rotation on surface. In RS arrangement, due to the strength of vortexes after fluid separation, better mixture is created and because of this reason, after the separation zone, the level of local Nusselt number graph enhances significantly.
Originality/value
In this research, the laminar and two-phase flow of Water/Cu nanofluid in tube banks with elliptical cross section has been numerically investigated in a two-dimensional space with different longitudinal arrangements. In this study, the effects of using nanofluid, different arrangements of tube banks and the elliptical cross section on heat transfer and cooling fluid flow among the tube banks of heat exchanger have been numerically simulated by using finite volume method.